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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.32,0:00:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[EDUCATOR] Capitalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.68,0:00:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rules of capitalization\Nin the English language
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.40,0:00:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can seem overwhelming,\Nbut really there are only
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.20,0:00:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three things that we capitalize,\Nand those would be proper
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.72,0:00:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nouns, titles and headings,\Nand the first word in a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sentence and the pronoun I.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.84,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to cover each one\Nof these cases in a little
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.16,0:00:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more detail, and the goal of\Nthis lesson is by the end of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.04,0:00:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll be much better at knowing\Nwhen to capitalize letters
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the English language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.68,0:00:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first case of\Nwords that are always
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.44,0:00:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalized are proper nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.60,0:00:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A noun is a person,\Nplace, or a thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Proper nouns refer to\Nspecific people, places,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.28,0:00:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things, and brands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.12,0:00:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always capitalize proper\Nnouns, and some examples of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.24,0:00:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proper nouns are Matthew,\NChicago, and Kleenex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.32,0:00:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whenever these words appear in\Nany sentence you're writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.20,0:00:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should always capitalize\Nthe first letter of those words.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.40,0:00:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there are\Nalso common nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.88,0:00:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Common nouns refer to general\Npeople, places, and things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.48,0:00:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We never capitalize common\Nnouns nouns unless they're
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.04,0:01:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first word in the sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.72,0:01:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples of\Ncommon nouns, kid, city, tissue.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.32,0:01:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if you notice my examples\Nfor proper nouns and my examples
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.44,0:01:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for common nouns align.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.36,0:01:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matthew is the proper\Nnoun version of kid.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.64,0:01:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chicago is a proper\Nnoun version of city.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.92,0:01:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Kleenex is a proper\Nnoun version of the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.04,0:01:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,common noun tissue.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.80,0:01:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice Matthew, Chicago,\Nand Kleenex are always
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.60,0:01:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalized because they're\Nproper nouns, and kid, city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.36,0:01:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tissue are never capitalized\Nunless they are the first
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.96,0:01:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,word in a new sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.56,0:01:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since understanding proper nouns\Nis essential to capitalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.16,0:01:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to stop right here\Nand do a quick practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.64,0:01:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm going to do\Nis show you a noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.72,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will, either on a separate\Nsheet of paper or in your head
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.08,0:01:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now decide whether each\Nis a common or proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.52,0:01:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you know that\Nthe noun is proper,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.28,0:01:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like you to\Nfind a common noun
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.36,0:01:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,version of that proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the word word\Nis a common noun,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.12,0:01:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like you to find\Na proper noun version
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.44,0:02:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that common noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.88,0:02:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's try it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.56,0:02:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eiffel Tower.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is Eiffel Tower a common\Nnoun or a proper noun?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.52,0:02:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's a common noun, think\Nof the proper noun version.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.88,0:02:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's a proper noun, think\Nof the common noun version.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.60,0:02:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.64,0:02:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, decide whether it's\Na common or proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.68,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's a common noun,\Nthink of a proper noun
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.08,0:02:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,version of teacher,\Nand if it's a proper noun,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.64,0:02:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of a common noun\Nversion of teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.52,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Car.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.60,0:02:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.08,0:02:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I'm moving too quickly,\Nfeel free to pause this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.28,0:02:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.04,0:02:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, I'm going to show\Nyou the answers that I got.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.52,0:02:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your answers are quite\Nlikely to be different
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.36,0:02:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the ones I thought of,\Nbut the answers I came up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.76,0:02:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with should give you some\Nguidance as to whether you're
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.84,0:02:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right track or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.76,0:03:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eiffel Tower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.28,0:03:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eiffel Tower is a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.04,0:03:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The common noun version I\Nthought of was monument.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.24,0:03:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might have also came up with\Nlandmark, or sculpture, or some
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.28,0:03:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other common noun version of\NEiffel Tower, the proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.96,0:03:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.16,0:03:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teacher is a common\Nnoun and I chose Mr.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.72,0:03:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Morton to represent the\Nproper noun version of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.04,0:03:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common noun teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.88,0:03:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Car.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.84,0:03:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Car is a common noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.20,0:03:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I chose Ford Escort,\Nmy first car to represent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.08,0:03:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the proper noun version\Nof the common noun car.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.20,0:03:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.48,0:03:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa is a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.24,0:03:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Continent is the the\Ncommon noun version
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.48,0:03:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I chose to represent\Nthe proper noun Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.92,0:03:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.44,0:03:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language is a common noun,\Nand I chose English as the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.72,0:03:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proper noun representative\Nof the common noun language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.32,0:03:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always capitalize proper\Nnouns no matter where they
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.52,0:03:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appear in the sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.72,0:03:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first case of things\Nthat we always capitalize in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.92,0:03:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the English language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.20,0:03:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second case is\Ntitles and headings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.32,0:04:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always capitalize words in\Ntitle or heading, except we
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.52,0:04:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't capitalize little words.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.24,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By little words,\NI'm talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.32,0:04:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,articles like\Nthe, a, or an,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.76,0:04:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conjunctions like\Nand or but,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.72,0:04:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or prepositions\Nlike in, with.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.76,0:04:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't capitalize those words\Nwhen they appear in a title,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.88,0:04:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless they are the first\Nword in the title.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.52,0:04:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples of how we\Ncapitalize titles and headings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.28,0:04:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We read Lord of the Flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.44,0:04:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lord of the Flies,\Nthe title of a book.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.76,0:04:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a title,\Nwe always
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.20,0:04:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalize Lord\Nof the Flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.52,0:04:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you will notice the words\Nof and the are not capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.20,0:04:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason why we don't\Ncapitalize of and the in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.92,0:04:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this title is because\Nthey are little words.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.32,0:04:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of is being used as\Na preposition and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.48,0:04:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the is an article,\Nso we don't capitalize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.12,0:04:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those in this title.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.48,0:04:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I listened to The Marriage\Nof Figaro by Mozart.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.52,0:04:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have the\Ntitle of a song.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.44,0:04:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As with titles of novels\Nor shows or movies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.64,0:05:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we capitalize every\Nword in the title.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.44,0:05:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, as with Lord of\Nthe Flies, we do not
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.84,0:05:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalize the word of\Nbecause it's a little word,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.36,0:05:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we do capitalize the\Nword the in this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.84,0:05:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because it's\Nthe first word in the title.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.24,0:05:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like when we start a sentence,\Nwhen we start a title, we always
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.20,0:05:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalize the first word,\Neven if it's a little word.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.64,0:05:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's one more example of\Ncapitalizing the first letter
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.68,0:05:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the words in a title.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.60,0:05:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many presidents have met\Nwith Prime Minister May.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.96,0:05:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, we're not talking\Nabout the title of a book,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.28,0:05:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the title of the song,\Nbut rather a professional title,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.40,0:05:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the title that a person holds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.24,0:05:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we're giving that\Ntitle to a specific person
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.88,0:05:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's attached to that\Nperson's name, we capitalize
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.76,0:05:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every word of that title.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.20,0:05:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is why Prime Minister\NMay is capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.24,0:05:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if you look\Nat the word presidents,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.48,0:05:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presidents here is being\Nused as a common noun,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.20,0:05:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a general group of presidents,\Nnot a specific or proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.60,0:05:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we were referring\Nto President Lincoln,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.68,0:05:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, we would always\Ncapitalize the word president,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.48,0:06:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's used as a title\Nattached to a person's name.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.84,0:06:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing to consider when\Nyou're capitalizing titles
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.16,0:06:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be complicated is class\Ntitles or titles of courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.52,0:06:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about\Nspecific course titles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.92,0:06:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowing when and which words\Nto capitalize on the title of a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.56,0:06:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,class can be really complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.24,0:06:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, it sort of just\Npoints back to our first rule
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.20,0:06:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about capitalizing proper nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.12,0:06:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we have a\Nspecific course title,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.36,0:06:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.48,0:06:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples where we\Ncapitalize course titles because
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.36,0:06:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they refer to specific courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.84,0:06:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am in Earth Science 101.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.64,0:06:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we capitalize both the E\Nin Earth and the S in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.80,0:06:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason we do this\Nis because we're referring
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.12,0:06:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a specific course called\NEarth Science 101.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.80,0:06:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I take Algebra 1 and\NEnglish Literature 2.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this sentence,\Nwe see the words
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.36,0:06:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,algebra, English,\Nand literature
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.68,0:06:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.88,0:06:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason why we\Ncapitalized all of these
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.04,0:06:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,words is because they are\Nthe titles of specific
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.76,0:06:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,courses, proper nouns,\Nwhich are always capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.28,0:06:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have general\Ncourse titles,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.04,0:07:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those are\Ncommon nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.32,0:07:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples\Nof course titles being
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.80,0:07:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used as common nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.56,0:07:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like Earth science.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.56,0:07:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we do not capitalize\Nthe S in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.52,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason why is because\Nscience is a common noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.08,0:07:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We never capitalize the word\Nscience unless it appears as
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.12,0:07:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first word in a sentence\Nor is attached to a course
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.40,0:07:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,title and refers to a specific\Ncourse as a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.84,0:07:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the E in Earth\Nis always capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.28,0:07:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any time we use the word\NEarth, even as an adjective,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.88,0:07:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as here describing a type\Nof science, we always capitalize
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.56,0:07:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth, because Earth is a proper\Nnoun, even in adjective form.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.12,0:07:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like English literature\Nmore than algebra.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.32,0:07:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not capitalize\Nthe words literature or
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.32,0:07:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,algebra because they are\Ncommon nouns, but we still
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.68,0:07:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalize the word English.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.20,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though it is being used as\Nan adjective to describe
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the type of literature,\Nwe always capitalize the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.72,0:07:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,names of countries or languages\Nno matter where or how they
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.32,0:07:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are used, because they are\Nrooted in a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.68,0:08:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We capitalize proper\Nnouns everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.64,0:08:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far we have talked\Nabout two cases where
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.72,0:08:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you capitalize words.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.16,0:08:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those would be, number 1, proper\Nnouns, always capitalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.84,0:08:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and number 2, titles.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.36,0:08:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it's the title\Nof a book, class,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.36,0:08:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or professional title,\Nwe capitalize every word in the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.48,0:08:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,title unless it's a little word.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.56,0:08:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still have one more case of\Ncapitalization to look at, and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.76,0:08:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be first word and I.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.16,0:08:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always capitalize the\Nfirst word in a sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.72,0:08:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pronoun I.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.40,0:08:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably already know\Nthis, but since we're
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.40,0:08:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,covering capitalization,\Nlet's take a look at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.12,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We left.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.16,0:08:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since we is beginning the\Nsentence, we capitalize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.52,0:08:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then Tim said, do you get it?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.16,0:08:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this sentence,\Nwe have three capitalizations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.48,0:08:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we have the word then,\Nwhich is capitalized because
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.88,0:08:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's starting the sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.16,0:08:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, we have the word Tim,\Nwhich is capitalized because
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.84,0:08:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But thirdly,\Nwe have the word
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.84,0:08:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do, which is also\Ncapitalized because
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.56,0:08:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's starting a sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.08,0:08:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So well, it seems like a\Ncontinuation of the first
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.24,0:09:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of the sentence,\Nit's actually treated
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.32,0:09:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a whole new sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.84,0:09:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we capitalize the first\Nletter in any dialogue
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.20,0:09:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the moment it begins.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.56,0:09:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said, yes, I get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.04,0:09:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here you see we're not\Nonly capitalizing so and yes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.24,0:09:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they are words that\Nare beginning sentences,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.56,0:09:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also see that we are\Ncapitalizing the pronoun
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.88,0:09:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I every time we use it\Nno matter where in the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.20,0:09:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sentence it appears.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.72,0:09:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In review, capitalization rules\Nin the English language can be
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.48,0:09:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explained in very complicated\Nways, but really there are only
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.84,0:09:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three cases where we capitalize.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.36,0:09:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We capitalize these\Nthings, proper nouns,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.32,0:09:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including brand names,\Nare always capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.28,0:09:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Titles and headings,\Nexcept little words
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.24,0:09:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are always capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first word in a\Nsentence and the pronoun
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.32,0:09:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I are always capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.60,0:09:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, that's all the\Ninstruction I'm going
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.44,0:09:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to offer you for today,\Nbut I do have a short
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.60,0:09:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice activity if\Nyou'd like to review
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.52,0:09:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you've learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.32,0:09:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can complete this activity\Non your own with a piece
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.48,0:09:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of paper or in your head,\Nwe'll cover the answers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.88,0:09:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if you're doing this\Nwith your teacher, just do
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.04,0:10:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever your teacher says.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.48,0:10:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now here's some practice\Nproblems to help you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.32,0:10:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,review capitalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.60,0:10:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what I want you to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.96,0:10:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to show you sentences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.64,0:10:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will write down the\Nsentences and while you are
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.80,0:10:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing so, you will correctly\Ncapitalize each sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While you are doing so, you\Nwill also write a letter under
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.20,0:10:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each capitalization you make.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.12,0:10:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put the letter A if\Nit's a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.60,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put the letter B if you're\Ncapitalizing the word because
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.16,0:10:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a word in a title, or put\Nthe letter C if you're making
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.36,0:10:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the capitalization because\Nit's the first word in a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sentence or the pronoun I.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.24,0:10:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, write the sentences\Ndown, fix the capitalization
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.84,0:10:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while you write them down,\Nand then note why you are
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.40,0:10:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capitalizing, either\Nbecause it's a proper
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.32,0:10:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noun, a word in a title,\Nor the first word in a sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.04,0:10:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the pronoun I. Let's begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.64,0:10:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tom ran to the Harold\NWashington Library.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.88,0:10:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may want to pause\Nthese examples if I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.04,0:10:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not giving you enough time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.44,0:10:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He met with Chief\NLibrarian Roberts,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.76,0:11:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the woman who ran\Nthe whole library.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.04,0:11:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tom was good at math,\Nbut was getting a low grade
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.92,0:11:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his Reading 101 course.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.36,0:11:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get ready for a curveball.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.04,0:11:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Chief Librarian\Nhelped Tom research Apple
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.84,0:11:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iPhones for his report.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.60,0:11:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ooooooooh!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.20,0:11:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple iPhones!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.12,0:11:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you capitalize that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.44,0:11:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you capitalize\Nit like that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.84,0:11:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And lastly, Tom said,\N'Thanks for the help
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.12,0:11:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my reading class.'
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.20,0:11:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's look\Nat some answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.20,0:11:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tom ran to the Harold\NWashington Library.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.52,0:11:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this sentence,\Nwe capitalize Tom
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.28,0:11:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only because\Nit's the first word in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.72,0:11:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sentence, but also\Nbecause it's a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.96,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also capitalize\NHarold Washington Library
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.16,0:12:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Harold Washington\NLibrary is a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.88,0:12:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It refers to a specific library,\Nand library would be the common
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.64,0:12:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noun version of Harold\NWashington Library.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.84,0:12:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He met with Chief\NLibrarian Roberts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.20,0:12:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we capitalize the\Nword he because it's the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.60,0:12:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first word in a sentence,\Nbut we also capitalize
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.32,0:12:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chief Librarian Roberts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.40,0:12:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We capitalize Roberts\Nas a proper noun because
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.72,0:12:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a person's name,\Nbut we also capitalize Chief
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.52,0:12:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Librarian because it's attached\Nto Roberts as part of her title.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.96,0:12:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tom was good at math but\Nwas getting a low grade
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.52,0:12:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his reading 101 course.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.44,0:12:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again we capitalize Tom\Nas a proper noun and the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.24,0:12:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first word in the sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.52,0:12:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also capitalize Reading 101.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.44,0:12:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason why I do this\Nis because it's a proper noun.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.84,0:12:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the title of\Na specific course.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.76,0:12:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Had you put A or B there, that\Nwould have been fine for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.32,0:12:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Continuing on.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.84,0:12:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chief librarian\Nhelped Tom research Apple
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.64,0:12:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iPhones for his report.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.48,0:12:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one was a\Nlittle bit trickier.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.08,0:12:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of fun thinking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.36,0:12:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we capitalize the word the as\Nthe first word in the sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.16,0:12:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should capitalize\Nthe word Tom and Apple.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.76,0:13:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see I did neither.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to have\Nto work on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.36,0:13:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But yeah, Tom and Apple should\Nboth be capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.64,0:13:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not about to go\Nre-record this whole
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.72,0:13:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing because I didn't\Ncapitalize those two words.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.72,0:13:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But know that yours should\Nbe capitalized unlike mine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.24,0:13:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Tom is a proper noun\Nand Apple is also a proper noun,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.08,0:13:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brand name, name of a company.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.76,0:13:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word iPhones we spell\Nin that way because that's
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.04,0:13:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they say it's spelled.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.40,0:13:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's their product.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.52,0:13:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can break all the\Nconventions of English
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.08,0:13:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,language and spell it\Nhowever they want as
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.64,0:13:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have done here,\Nand we just sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.04,0:13:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to respect that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.24,0:13:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So well, you should spell\NiPhones with a i and a P,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.20,0:13:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only reason we do that is\Nbecause we respect that company.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.08,0:13:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They determine how to spell\Nthe name of their product.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.28,0:13:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lastly, Tom said,\N'Thanks for the help
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.08,0:13:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my reading class.'
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.92,0:13:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we see we capitalize\NTom, not only as a proper noun,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.04,0:13:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the first word\Nof the sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.48,0:13:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also capitalize thanks,\Nbecause while it seems like
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.96,0:14:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a continuation of Tom said,\Nthat's actually treated
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.32,0:14:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a whole new sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.28,0:14:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for following\Nalong with me today.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.28,0:14:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a look at that link in\Nthe description of this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.84,0:14:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's going to lead you\Nright to my website where
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.60,0:14:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a bunch of great free\Nresources on capitalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.80,0:14:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That includes worksheets,\NPowerPoint lessons,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.28,0:14:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,online tests, paper tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.28,0:14:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to love it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.16,0:14:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Click on through, stop by.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.76,0:14:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for listening\Nto me today.