WEBVTT

00:00:00.320 --> 00:00:01.600
[EDUCATOR] Capitalization.

00:00:01.680 --> 00:00:04.320
The rules of capitalization
in the English language

00:00:04.400 --> 00:00:06.960
can seem overwhelming,
but really there are only

00:00:07.200 --> 00:00:10.640
three things that we capitalize,
and those would be proper

00:00:10.720 --> 00:00:14.000
nouns, titles and headings,
and the first word in a

00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:15.680
sentence and the pronoun I.

00:00:15.840 --> 00:00:18.000
We're going to cover each one
of these cases in a little

00:00:18.160 --> 00:00:20.960
more detail, and the goal of
this lesson is by the end of it,

00:00:21.040 --> 00:00:23.920
you'll be much better at knowing
when to capitalize letters

00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:25.360
in the English language.

00:00:25.680 --> 00:00:27.279
The first case of
words that are always

00:00:27.440 --> 00:00:29.360
capitalized are proper nouns.

00:00:29.600 --> 00:00:31.840
A noun is a person,
place, or a thing.

00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:35.199
Proper nouns refer to
specific people, places,

00:00:35.280 --> 00:00:36.800
things, and brands.

00:00:37.120 --> 00:00:40.160
We always capitalize proper
nouns, and some examples of

00:00:40.240 --> 00:00:44.240
proper nouns are Matthew,
Chicago, and Kleenex.

00:00:44.320 --> 00:00:47.120
Whenever these words appear in
any sentence you're writing,

00:00:47.200 --> 00:00:50.239
you should always capitalize
the first letter of those words.

00:00:50.400 --> 00:00:52.800
However, there are
also common nouns.

00:00:52.880 --> 00:00:56.320
Common nouns refer to general
people, places, and things.

00:00:56.480 --> 00:00:58.880
We never capitalize common
nouns nouns unless they're

00:00:59.040 --> 00:01:00.560
the first word in the sentence.

00:01:00.720 --> 00:01:06.320
Here are some examples of
common nouns, kid, city, tissue.

00:01:06.320 --> 00:01:09.360
Now if you notice my examples
for proper nouns and my examples

00:01:09.440 --> 00:01:11.120
for common nouns align.

00:01:11.360 --> 00:01:14.320
Matthew is the proper
noun version of kid.

00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:17.760
Chicago is a proper
noun version of city.

00:01:17.920 --> 00:01:20.960
And Kleenex is a proper
noun version of the

00:01:21.040 --> 00:01:22.640
common noun tissue.

00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:25.440
Notice Matthew, Chicago,
and Kleenex are always

00:01:25.600 --> 00:01:29.360
capitalized because they're
proper nouns, and kid, city,

00:01:29.360 --> 00:01:32.800
and tissue are never capitalized
unless they are the first

00:01:32.960 --> 00:01:34.400
word in a new sentence.

00:01:34.560 --> 00:01:38.080
Since understanding proper nouns
is essential to capitalization,

00:01:38.160 --> 00:01:40.560
we're going to stop right here
and do a quick practice.

00:01:40.640 --> 00:01:42.559
What I'm going to do
is show you a noun.

00:01:42.720 --> 00:01:45.920
You will, either on a separate
sheet of paper or in your head

00:01:46.080 --> 00:01:49.440
right now decide whether each
is a common or proper noun.

00:01:49.520 --> 00:01:51.280
If you know that
the noun is proper,

00:01:51.280 --> 00:01:53.279
I would like you to
find a common noun

00:01:53.360 --> 00:01:55.040
version of that proper noun.

00:01:55.120 --> 00:01:57.120
And if the word word
is a common noun,

00:01:57.120 --> 00:01:59.360
I'd like you to find
a proper noun version

00:01:59.440 --> 00:02:00.800
of that common noun.

00:02:00.880 --> 00:02:02.160
Let's try it out.

00:02:02.560 --> 00:02:03.840
Eiffel Tower.

00:02:04.000 --> 00:02:07.200
Is Eiffel Tower a common
noun or a proper noun?

00:02:07.520 --> 00:02:10.720
If it's a common noun, think
of the proper noun version.

00:02:10.880 --> 00:02:14.400
If it's a proper noun, think
of the common noun version.

00:02:15.600 --> 00:02:16.400
Teacher.

00:02:16.640 --> 00:02:19.600
Again, decide whether it's
a common or proper noun.

00:02:19.680 --> 00:02:22.000
If it's a common noun,
think of a proper noun

00:02:22.080 --> 00:02:24.560
version of teacher,
and if it's a proper noun,

00:02:24.640 --> 00:02:27.040
think of a common noun
version of teacher.

00:02:27.520 --> 00:02:28.480
Car.

00:02:33.600 --> 00:02:35.680
Africa.

00:02:36.080 --> 00:02:38.880
If I'm moving too quickly,
feel free to pause this video.

00:02:41.280 --> 00:02:49.040
Language.

00:02:49.040 --> 00:02:51.440
Okay, I'm going to show
you the answers that I got.

00:02:51.520 --> 00:02:53.200
Your answers are quite
likely to be different

00:02:53.360 --> 00:02:55.680
than the ones I thought of,
but the answers I came up

00:02:55.760 --> 00:02:57.840
with should give you some
guidance as to whether you're

00:02:57.840 --> 00:02:59.200
on the right track or not.

00:02:59.760 --> 00:03:01.040
Eiffel Tower.

00:03:01.280 --> 00:03:03.040
Eiffel Tower is a proper noun.

00:03:03.040 --> 00:03:06.080
The common noun version I
thought of was monument.

00:03:06.240 --> 00:03:09.200
You might have also came up with
landmark, or sculpture, or some

00:03:09.280 --> 00:03:12.640
other common noun version of
Eiffel Tower, the proper noun.

00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:13.760
Teacher.

00:03:14.160 --> 00:03:16.720
Teacher is a common
noun and I chose Mr.

00:03:16.720 --> 00:03:18.960
Morton to represent the
proper noun version of

00:03:19.040 --> 00:03:20.480
the common noun teacher.

00:03:20.880 --> 00:03:21.519
Car.

00:03:21.840 --> 00:03:23.200
Car is a common noun.

00:03:23.200 --> 00:03:25.760
I chose Ford Escort,
my first car to represent

00:03:26.080 --> 00:03:28.800
the proper noun version
of the common noun car.

00:03:29.200 --> 00:03:30.160
Africa.

00:03:30.480 --> 00:03:32.080
Africa is a proper noun.

00:03:32.240 --> 00:03:34.400
Continent is the the
common noun version

00:03:34.480 --> 00:03:37.359
that I chose to represent
the proper noun Africa.

00:03:37.920 --> 00:03:38.959
Language.

00:03:39.440 --> 00:03:42.720
Language is a common noun,
and I chose English as the

00:03:42.720 --> 00:03:46.080
proper noun representative
of the common noun language.

00:03:46.320 --> 00:03:49.440
We always capitalize proper
nouns no matter where they

00:03:49.520 --> 00:03:50.640
appear in the sentence.

00:03:50.720 --> 00:03:53.920
This is the first case of things
that we always capitalize in

00:03:53.920 --> 00:03:55.040
the English language.

00:03:55.200 --> 00:03:58.080
The second case is
titles and headings.

00:03:58.320 --> 00:04:03.360
We always capitalize words in
title or heading, except we

00:04:03.520 --> 00:04:06.160
don't capitalize little words.

00:04:06.240 --> 00:04:08.000
By little words,
I'm talking about

00:04:08.320 --> 00:04:11.520
articles like
the, a, or an,

00:04:11.760 --> 00:04:14.640
conjunctions like
and or but,

00:04:14.720 --> 00:04:17.600
or prepositions
like in, with.

00:04:17.760 --> 00:04:20.800
We don't capitalize those words
when they appear in a title,

00:04:20.880 --> 00:04:23.360
unless they are the first
word in the title.

00:04:23.520 --> 00:04:27.039
Here are some examples of how we
capitalize titles and headings.

00:04:27.280 --> 00:04:29.200
We read Lord of the Flies.

00:04:29.440 --> 00:04:31.760
Lord of the Flies,
the title of a book.

00:04:31.760 --> 00:04:32.960
As a title,
we always

00:04:33.200 --> 00:04:35.440
capitalize Lord
of the Flies.

00:04:35.520 --> 00:04:39.120
But you will notice the words
of and the are not capitalized.

00:04:39.200 --> 00:04:41.919
The reason why we don't
capitalize of and the in

00:04:41.920 --> 00:04:44.080
this title is because
they are little words.

00:04:44.320 --> 00:04:46.320
Of is being used as
a preposition and

00:04:46.480 --> 00:04:48.960
the is an article,
so we don't capitalize

00:04:49.120 --> 00:04:50.240
those in this title.

00:04:50.480 --> 00:04:53.440
I listened to The Marriage
of Figaro by Mozart.

00:04:53.520 --> 00:04:55.280
Here we have the
title of a song.

00:04:55.440 --> 00:04:58.560
As with titles of novels
or shows or movies,

00:04:58.640 --> 00:05:01.280
we capitalize every
word in the title.

00:05:01.440 --> 00:05:03.760
Again, as with Lord of
the Flies, we do not

00:05:03.840 --> 00:05:07.280
capitalize the word of
because it's a little word,

00:05:07.360 --> 00:05:09.840
but we do capitalize the
word the in this case,

00:05:09.840 --> 00:05:12.160
and that's because it's
the first word in the title.

00:05:12.240 --> 00:05:14.960
Like when we start a sentence,
when we start a title, we always

00:05:15.200 --> 00:05:18.479
capitalize the first word,
even if it's a little word.

00:05:18.640 --> 00:05:21.599
And here's one more example of
capitalizing the first letter

00:05:21.680 --> 00:05:23.360
of all the words in a title.

00:05:23.600 --> 00:05:26.800
Many presidents have met
with Prime Minister May.

00:05:26.960 --> 00:05:29.200
Here, we're not talking
about the title of a book,

00:05:29.280 --> 00:05:32.320
or the title of the song,
but rather a professional title,

00:05:32.400 --> 00:05:34.240
the title that a person holds.

00:05:34.240 --> 00:05:36.560
And when we're giving that
title to a specific person

00:05:36.880 --> 00:05:39.599
and it's attached to that
person's name, we capitalize

00:05:39.760 --> 00:05:41.120
every word of that title.

00:05:41.200 --> 00:05:44.160
That is why Prime Minister
May is capitalized.

00:05:44.240 --> 00:05:46.240
However, if you look
at the word presidents,

00:05:46.480 --> 00:05:49.040
presidents here is being
used as a common noun,

00:05:49.200 --> 00:05:53.520
a general group of presidents,
not a specific or proper noun.

00:05:53.600 --> 00:05:55.680
If we were referring
to President Lincoln,

00:05:55.680 --> 00:05:58.480
for example, we would always
capitalize the word president,

00:05:58.480 --> 00:06:01.440
because it's used as a title
attached to a person's name.

00:06:01.840 --> 00:06:04.080
One thing to consider when
you're capitalizing titles

00:06:04.160 --> 00:06:07.520
that can be complicated is class
titles or titles of courses.

00:06:07.520 --> 00:06:09.840
We're talking about
specific course titles.

00:06:09.920 --> 00:06:12.560
Knowing when and which words
to capitalize on the title of a

00:06:12.560 --> 00:06:14.159
class can be really complicated.

00:06:14.240 --> 00:06:16.960
But again, it sort of just
points back to our first rule

00:06:17.200 --> 00:06:19.040
about capitalizing proper nouns.

00:06:19.120 --> 00:06:21.280
So when we have a
specific course title,

00:06:21.360 --> 00:06:22.400
that's a proper noun.

00:06:22.480 --> 00:06:25.280
Here are some examples where we
capitalize course titles because

00:06:25.360 --> 00:06:27.520
they refer to specific courses.

00:06:27.840 --> 00:06:30.240
I am in Earth Science 101.

00:06:30.640 --> 00:06:34.800
Here we capitalize both the E
in Earth and the S in science.

00:06:34.800 --> 00:06:37.120
And the reason we do this
is because we're referring

00:06:37.120 --> 00:06:40.480
to a specific course called
Earth Science 101.

00:06:40.800 --> 00:06:43.920
I take Algebra 1 and
English Literature 2.

00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:45.280
In this sentence,
we see the words

00:06:45.360 --> 00:06:47.440
algebra, English,
and literature

00:06:47.680 --> 00:06:48.800
all capitalized.

00:06:48.880 --> 00:06:50.960
And the reason why we
capitalized all of these

00:06:51.040 --> 00:06:53.600
words is because they are
the titles of specific

00:06:53.760 --> 00:06:56.880
courses, proper nouns,
which are always capitalized.

00:06:57.280 --> 00:06:59.039
We also have general
course titles,

00:06:59.040 --> 00:07:00.320
and those are
common nouns.

00:07:00.320 --> 00:07:02.719
Here are some examples
of course titles being

00:07:02.800 --> 00:07:04.240
used as common nouns.

00:07:04.560 --> 00:07:06.240
I like Earth science.

00:07:06.560 --> 00:07:09.440
Here we do not capitalize
the S in science.

00:07:09.520 --> 00:07:12.000
The reason why is because
science is a common noun.

00:07:12.080 --> 00:07:14.960
We never capitalize the word
science unless it appears as

00:07:15.120 --> 00:07:18.080
the first word in a sentence
or is attached to a course

00:07:18.400 --> 00:07:21.680
title and refers to a specific
course as a proper noun.

00:07:21.840 --> 00:07:25.200
However, the E in Earth
is always capitalized.

00:07:25.280 --> 00:07:28.720
Any time we use the word
Earth, even as an adjective,

00:07:28.880 --> 00:07:32.320
such as here describing a type
of science, we always capitalize

00:07:32.560 --> 00:07:36.640
Earth, because Earth is a proper
noun, even in adjective form.

00:07:37.120 --> 00:07:40.240
I like English literature
more than algebra.

00:07:40.320 --> 00:07:42.320
We do not capitalize
the words literature or

00:07:42.320 --> 00:07:45.520
algebra because they are
common nouns, but we still

00:07:45.680 --> 00:07:47.200
capitalize the word English.

00:07:47.200 --> 00:07:50.000
Though it is being used as
an adjective to describe

00:07:50.000 --> 00:07:52.640
the type of literature,
we always capitalize the

00:07:52.720 --> 00:07:56.240
names of countries or languages
no matter where or how they

00:07:56.320 --> 00:07:59.440
are used, because they are
rooted in a proper noun.

00:07:59.680 --> 00:08:02.480
We capitalize proper
nouns everywhere.

00:08:02.640 --> 00:08:04.640
So far we have talked
about two cases where

00:08:04.720 --> 00:08:06.080
you capitalize words.

00:08:06.160 --> 00:08:09.840
Those would be, number 1, proper
nouns, always capitalized,

00:08:09.840 --> 00:08:11.360
and number 2, titles.

00:08:11.360 --> 00:08:13.360
Whether it's the title
of a book, class,

00:08:13.360 --> 00:08:16.479
or professional title,
we capitalize every word in the

00:08:16.480 --> 00:08:18.400
title unless it's a little word.

00:08:18.560 --> 00:08:21.599
We still have one more case of
capitalization to look at, and

00:08:21.760 --> 00:08:23.920
that would be first word and I.

00:08:24.160 --> 00:08:26.560
We always capitalize the
first word in a sentence

00:08:26.720 --> 00:08:28.160
and the pronoun I.

00:08:28.400 --> 00:08:30.400
You probably already know
this, but since we're

00:08:30.400 --> 00:08:32.880
covering capitalization,
let's take a look at it.

00:08:33.120 --> 00:08:34.000
We left.

00:08:34.159 --> 00:08:37.360
Since we is beginning the
sentence, we capitalize it.

00:08:37.520 --> 00:08:39.840
Then Tim said, do you get it?

00:08:40.159 --> 00:08:42.400
In this sentence,
we have three capitalizations.

00:08:42.480 --> 00:08:44.880
First, we have the word then,
which is capitalized because

00:08:44.880 --> 00:08:46.080
it's starting the sentence.

00:08:46.160 --> 00:08:48.560
Next, we have the word Tim,
which is capitalized because

00:08:48.560 --> 00:08:49.760
it's a proper noun.

00:08:49.840 --> 00:08:51.440
But thirdly,
we have the word

00:08:51.840 --> 00:08:54.400
do, which is also
capitalized because

00:08:54.560 --> 00:08:55.920
it's starting a sentence.

00:08:56.080 --> 00:08:58.000
So well, it seems like a
continuation of the first

00:08:58.240 --> 00:09:00.240
part of the sentence,
it's actually treated

00:09:00.320 --> 00:09:01.760
as a whole new sentence.

00:09:01.840 --> 00:09:05.040
So we capitalize the first
letter in any dialogue

00:09:05.200 --> 00:09:06.480
the moment it begins.

00:09:06.560 --> 00:09:08.960
So I said, yes, I get it.

00:09:09.040 --> 00:09:12.160
So here you see we're not
only capitalizing so and yes,

00:09:12.240 --> 00:09:14.400
because they are words that
are beginning sentences,

00:09:14.560 --> 00:09:16.720
we also see that we are
capitalizing the pronoun

00:09:16.880 --> 00:09:19.200
I every time we use it
no matter where in the

00:09:19.200 --> 00:09:20.400
sentence it appears.

00:09:20.720 --> 00:09:24.480
In review, capitalization rules
in the English language can be

00:09:24.480 --> 00:09:27.600
explained in very complicated
ways, but really there are only

00:09:27.840 --> 00:09:29.360
three cases where we capitalize.

00:09:29.360 --> 00:09:32.239
We capitalize these
things, proper nouns,

00:09:32.320 --> 00:09:34.959
including brand names,
are always capitalized.

00:09:35.280 --> 00:09:37.920
Titles and headings,
except little words

00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:39.920
are always capitalized.

00:09:40.000 --> 00:09:42.160
And the first word in a
sentence and the pronoun

00:09:42.320 --> 00:09:44.640
I are always capitalized.

00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:47.440
Okay, that's all the
instruction I'm going

00:09:47.440 --> 00:09:49.360
to offer you for today,
but I do have a short

00:09:49.600 --> 00:09:51.520
practice activity if
you'd like to review

00:09:51.520 --> 00:09:52.240
what you've learned.

00:09:52.320 --> 00:09:54.480
You can complete this activity
on your own with a piece

00:09:54.480 --> 00:09:56.880
of paper or in your head,
we'll cover the answers,

00:09:56.880 --> 00:09:58.960
or if you're doing this
with your teacher, just do

00:09:59.040 --> 00:10:00.319
whatever your teacher says.

00:10:00.480 --> 00:10:02.240
Now here's some practice
problems to help you

00:10:02.320 --> 00:10:03.520
review capitalization.

00:10:03.600 --> 00:10:04.800
Here's what I want you to do.

00:10:04.960 --> 00:10:06.560
I'm going to show you sentences.

00:10:06.640 --> 00:10:08.720
You will write down the
sentences and while you are

00:10:08.800 --> 00:10:11.760
doing so, you will correctly
capitalize each sentence.

00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:14.960
While you are doing so, you
will also write a letter under

00:10:15.200 --> 00:10:16.959
each capitalization you make.

00:10:17.120 --> 00:10:19.520
Put the letter A if
it's a proper noun.

00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:22.000
Put the letter B if you're
capitalizing the word because

00:10:22.160 --> 00:10:25.280
it's a word in a title, or put
the letter C if you're making

00:10:25.360 --> 00:10:27.920
the capitalization because
it's the first word in a

00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:30.080
sentence or the pronoun I.

00:10:30.240 --> 00:10:33.680
So again, write the sentences
down, fix the capitalization

00:10:33.840 --> 00:10:36.320
while you write them down,
and then note why you are

00:10:36.400 --> 00:10:38.320
capitalizing, either
because it's a proper

00:10:38.320 --> 00:10:40.960
noun, a word in a title,
or the first word in a sentence

00:10:41.040 --> 00:10:44.239
with the pronoun I. Let's begin.

00:10:44.640 --> 00:10:50.319
Tom ran to the Harold
Washington Library.

00:10:52.880 --> 00:10:55.040
You may want to pause
these examples if I'm

00:10:55.040 --> 00:10:56.560
not giving you enough time.

00:10:57.440 --> 00:10:59.680
He met with Chief
Librarian Roberts,

00:10:59.760 --> 00:11:01.760
the woman who ran
the whole library.

00:11:07.040 --> 00:11:09.840
Tom was good at math,
but was getting a low grade

00:11:09.920 --> 00:11:12.319
in his Reading 101 course.

00:11:17.360 --> 00:11:18.880
Get ready for a curveball.

00:11:19.040 --> 00:11:21.760
The Chief Librarian
helped Tom research Apple

00:11:21.840 --> 00:11:23.520
iPhones for his report.

00:11:23.600 --> 00:11:24.960
Ooooooooh!

00:11:25.200 --> 00:11:26.800
Apple iPhones!

00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:29.199
How do you capitalize that?

00:11:29.440 --> 00:11:34.240
Why do you capitalize
it like that?

00:11:35.840 --> 00:11:38.960
And lastly, Tom said,
'Thanks for the help

00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:44.240
with my reading class.'

00:11:45.200 --> 00:11:46.959
Okay, let's look
at some answers.

00:11:47.200 --> 00:11:49.520
Tom ran to the Harold
Washington Library.

00:11:49.520 --> 00:11:51.120
In this sentence,
we capitalize Tom

00:11:51.280 --> 00:11:52.640
not only because
it's the first word in

00:11:52.720 --> 00:11:54.880
the sentence, but also
because it's a proper noun.

00:11:54.960 --> 00:11:58.000
We also capitalize
Harold Washington Library

00:11:58.160 --> 00:12:00.880
because Harold Washington
Library is a proper noun.

00:12:00.880 --> 00:12:04.640
It refers to a specific library,
and library would be the common

00:12:04.640 --> 00:12:07.040
noun version of Harold
Washington Library.

00:12:07.840 --> 00:12:10.800
He met with Chief
Librarian Roberts.

00:12:11.200 --> 00:12:13.600
Here we capitalize the
word he because it's the

00:12:13.600 --> 00:12:16.079
first word in a sentence,
but we also capitalize

00:12:16.320 --> 00:12:18.320
Chief Librarian Roberts.

00:12:18.400 --> 00:12:20.640
We capitalize Roberts
as a proper noun because

00:12:20.720 --> 00:12:23.440
that's a person's name,
but we also capitalize Chief

00:12:23.520 --> 00:12:26.800
Librarian because it's attached
to Roberts as part of her title.

00:12:26.960 --> 00:12:29.440
Tom was good at math but
was getting a low grade

00:12:29.520 --> 00:12:31.440
in his reading 101 course.

00:12:31.440 --> 00:12:34.160
Again we capitalize Tom
as a proper noun and the

00:12:34.240 --> 00:12:35.440
first word in the sentence.

00:12:35.520 --> 00:12:37.440
I also capitalize Reading 101.

00:12:37.440 --> 00:12:39.760
And the reason why I do this
is because it's a proper noun.

00:12:39.840 --> 00:12:41.760
It's the title of
a specific course.

00:12:41.760 --> 00:12:44.240
Had you put A or B there, that
would have been fine for me.

00:12:44.320 --> 00:12:45.439
Continuing on.

00:12:45.840 --> 00:12:48.560
The chief librarian
helped Tom research Apple

00:12:48.640 --> 00:12:50.400
iPhones for his report.

00:12:50.480 --> 00:12:52.079
This one was a
little bit trickier.

00:12:52.080 --> 00:12:53.360
It's kind of fun thinking about.

00:12:53.360 --> 00:12:56.160
So we capitalize the word the as
the first word in the sentence,

00:12:56.160 --> 00:12:59.360
and we should capitalize
the word Tom and Apple.

00:12:59.760 --> 00:13:01.359
I see I did neither.

00:13:02.000 --> 00:13:03.280
I'm going to have
to work on that.

00:13:03.360 --> 00:13:06.640
But yeah, Tom and Apple should
both be capitalized.

00:13:06.640 --> 00:13:08.719
I'm not about to go
re-record this whole

00:13:08.720 --> 00:13:10.720
thing because I didn't
capitalize those two words.

00:13:10.720 --> 00:13:13.920
But know that yours should
be capitalized unlike mine

00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:18.079
because Tom is a proper noun
and Apple is also a proper noun,

00:13:18.080 --> 00:13:19.600
brand name, name of a company.

00:13:19.760 --> 00:13:23.040
The word iPhones we spell
in that way because that's

00:13:23.040 --> 00:13:24.400
how they say it's spelled.

00:13:24.400 --> 00:13:25.440
It's their product.

00:13:25.520 --> 00:13:28.000
They can break all the
conventions of English

00:13:28.080 --> 00:13:30.480
language and spell it
however they want as

00:13:30.640 --> 00:13:32.960
they have done here,
and we just sort of

00:13:33.040 --> 00:13:34.160
have to respect that.

00:13:34.240 --> 00:13:39.040
So well, you should spell
iPhones with a i and a P,

00:13:39.200 --> 00:13:42.000
the only reason we do that is
because we respect that company.

00:13:42.080 --> 00:13:44.800
They determine how to spell
the name of their product.

00:13:45.280 --> 00:13:47.920
Lastly, Tom said,
'Thanks for the help

00:13:48.080 --> 00:13:49.760
with my reading class.'

00:13:49.920 --> 00:13:53.040
And here we see we capitalize
Tom, not only as a proper noun,

00:13:53.040 --> 00:13:54.400
but the first word
of the sentence.

00:13:54.480 --> 00:13:56.880
We also capitalize thanks,
because while it seems like

00:13:56.960 --> 00:14:00.160
a continuation of Tom said,
that's actually treated

00:14:00.320 --> 00:14:02.160
as a whole new sentence.

00:14:03.280 --> 00:14:05.280
Thanks for following
along with me today.

00:14:05.280 --> 00:14:07.840
Take a look at that link in
the description of this video.

00:14:07.840 --> 00:14:09.600
That's going to lead you
right to my website where

00:14:09.600 --> 00:14:12.800
I got a bunch of great free
resources on capitalization.

00:14:12.800 --> 00:14:15.199
That includes worksheets,
PowerPoint lessons,

00:14:15.280 --> 00:14:17.200
online tests, paper tests.

00:14:17.280 --> 00:14:18.079
You're going to love it.

00:14:18.160 --> 00:14:19.680
Click on through, stop by.

00:14:19.760 --> 00:14:22.480
Thanks for listening
to me today.