[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.43,0:00:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up on a beach in an island\Ncalled Tasmania, a beautiful place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.44,0:00:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gave me the opportunity to meet\Nand interact with incredible creatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.68,0:00:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was where I developed\Na deep connectivity with the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.83,0:00:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Tasmania is one of the most beautiful\Nislands on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.61,0:00:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 30 years ago, the city I grew up in\Nhad a terrible problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.47,0:00:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ocean was polluted\Nwith the outfall from heavy industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.33,0:00:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a pulp and paper mill,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.50,0:00:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a paint pigment plant\Nand a slaughterhouse among them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.22,0:00:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were causing rashes on the bodies\Nof swimmers and surfers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.58,0:00:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you got out of the water,\Nyou had sore red eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.89,0:00:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Burnie, at that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.77,0:01:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had one of the highest incidence\Nof cancer in Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.39,0:01:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following the lead of three generations\Nof journalists in my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.58,0:01:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made it my investigative\Nmission to uncover
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.01,0:01:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether these industries\Nwere, in fact, responsible\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.90,0:01:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the illnesses we were seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.12,0:01:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the poor state\Nof the ecosystem along the coastline.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.67,0:01:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I got a laboratory to test\Nthe waters around Burnie,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.51,0:01:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they found that the outfall\Nfrom the pulp and paper mill
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.46,0:01:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contained organic chlorines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.01,0:01:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these had dangerous\Ncancer-causing dioxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.83,0:01:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I put these findings\Nto the state government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.07,0:01:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the minister for the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.96,0:01:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he admitted for the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.59,0:01:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they knew about these organic\Nchlorines and these dioxins
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.29,0:01:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that they were dangerous,\Nbut they hadn't informed the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.02,0:01:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I published my stories\Nin the local newspaper,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.90,0:02:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it caused a storm of protest\Nacross Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.28,0:02:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,National papers declared Burnie\N"Australia's dirtiest city."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.77,0:02:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't very popular with our local\Ntourism authority, I can tell you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.18,0:02:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was 20 years of age at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.53,0:02:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly after those stories\Nwere published,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.65,0:02:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the industries started to close down,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.59,0:02:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today, Burnie has some\Nof the bluest water along the coastline,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.45,0:02:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fish have returned\Nto the waters around the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.25,0:02:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned then about\Nthe power of the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.35,0:02:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, as I developed my skills in the media
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.78,0:02:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through newspapers, radio and television,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.63,0:02:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also developed a passion for film.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.04,0:02:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Film gave me the ability to tell stories\Nand to make documentaries
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.75,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gave voice to silent creatures\Nlike the worms from my childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.48,0:03:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also had a deep love
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.61,0:03:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a particular species\Nthat had consumed my time as a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.83,0:03:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was the blue whale,\Nan immense creature,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.19,0:03:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also incredibly shy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.69,0:03:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An opportunity came to film a documentary\Noff the south coast of Sri Lanka.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.46,0:03:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the culmination, for me,\Nof a life's dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.14,0:03:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, blue whales are the biggest\Nanimals ever to have lived.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.15,0:03:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're bigger than any dinosaur.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.01,0:03:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They grow up to about 37 meters long.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.39,0:03:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a heart as big as a car.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.94,0:03:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were hunted almost to extinction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.01,0:03:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a result,\Nthey're extremely elusive.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.36,0:03:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trying to find them is like trying to find\Na needle in a massive haystack.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went up and down the coastline\Nof Sri Lanka for weeks on end,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.68,0:03:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,searching for these whales.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.70,0:04:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would see a spout in the distance,\Nwe'd head towards it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.06,0:04:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would get our cameras\Ninto our underwater housings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.97,0:04:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd get our teams into the water,\Nwe'd move towards the whales,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.04,0:04:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we would never see them again.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.91,0:04:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this happened day after day\Nafter day after day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.08,0:04:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to know\Nwhat it's like to go crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.61,0:04:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look out into an open ocean,\Nempty open ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.58,0:04:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for day after day after day after day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.93,0:04:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's where coffee\Nbecame a big friend of mine.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.77,0:04:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we searched\Nnear an underwater seamount,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.36,0:04:35.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is where krill gather
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.100,0:04:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're brought in\Nby the currents.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.08,0:04:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we knew the whales would head there\Nbecause they eat krill.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.44,0:04:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't find whales.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.06,0:04:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we found was something\Nvery significant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.18,0:04:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a floating landfill of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.85,0:04:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a massive slick of detritus\Nas far as the eye could see.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.18,0:05:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It contained old fishing nets, bait boxes,\Nplastic bottles, used lighters,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.57,0:05:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even unopened biscuits -\Nthe wastage of humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.25,0:05:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was absolutely dreadful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.74,0:05:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the sign of a coming tragedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.61,0:05:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't know that at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.92,0:05:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We kept looking for the whales\Nfor three weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.30,0:05:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our time finally ran out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.69,0:05:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to head back to port\Nbecause our visas were about to expire.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.94,0:05:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm an incredibly stubborn individual,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.24,0:05:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hadn't come this far and worked\Nthis hard to give up this easily,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.73,0:05:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I refused to allow the cameras\Nto be packed away.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.28,0:05:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I refused to allow the dive tanks\Nto be put under the boat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.07,0:05:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was going to exhaust\Nevery possible moment we had on the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.63,0:05:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when someone yells "Whale,"\Nyour adrenaline really spikes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.71,0:06:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone yelled "Whale,"\Nand my adrenaline shot through the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.72,0:06:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, 100 meters\Noff our bow, was a spout -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.57,0:06:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Splashing sound)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.93,0:06:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high and very visible.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.90,0:06:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cut the motors on the boat,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.72,0:06:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put the dive teams in the water,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.56,0:06:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the cameras,\Nand I got in with the crews,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.61,0:06:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we slowly finned over\Ntowards what was a pot of whales.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.90,0:06:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we got closer, we realized\Nthis was a family of eight,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.15,0:06:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this family\Nof eight whales was a juvenile.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.90,0:06:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I say "juvenile,"\Nhe was 15 meters long.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.05,0:06:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was as curious of us\Nas we were of him,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.02,0:06:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the big flick of his tail,\Nhe dived incredibly deep and out of sight,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.87,0:06:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, moments later, he came up\Nright between our cameras,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.13,0:06:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we had, for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.34,0:06:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,footage, under water,\Non cinematic cameras,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.49,0:06:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a juvenile blue whale.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.57,0:07:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a profound moment for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.82,0:07:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we were heading back to port\Nand I was reflecting on the shoot,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.16,0:07:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized that these whales\Nwere resting and probably feeding
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.26,0:07:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right near where we had filmed\Nthis floating landfill of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.60,0:07:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, whales, when they feed -\Nblue whales - they open their mouths,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.59,0:07:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they suck in thousands of liters of water,\Nand they expel that water,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.49,0:07:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving behind the krill\Nin their baleen, or their teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.33,0:07:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whales can't tell the difference\Nbetween krill and plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.22,0:07:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sri Lankan expedition\Nwas the start of an epic quest for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.76,0:07:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it posed more questions\Nthan it answered:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.44,0:07:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If whales were consuming plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.83,0:07:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a pristine environment\Nlike the Indian Ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.22,0:07:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was happening to marine life\Nin oceans in other parts of the planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.08,0:08:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if as we'd found out that 350 million\Ntons of plastic were being made that year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.82,0:08:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much of that\Nwas ending up in the oceans?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.94,0:08:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if marine life in oceans\Naround the world were consuming plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.01,0:08:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're at the top of the food chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.22,0:08:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what did that mean for human health?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.24,0:08:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we gathered teams\Nand crews and scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.46,0:08:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we traveled for four years\Naround the globe to 20 different locations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.22,0:08:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to answer these questions\Nfor our film "A Plastic Ocean."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.16,0:08:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our investigation was relentless.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.45,0:08:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, we found\Nthat 70% of plastic sinks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.04,0:08:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what we'd seen then\Nwas just the tip of the iceberg,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.14,0:08:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we hired a research vessel\Nand two submarines,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.44,0:08:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we went to the Mediterranean,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.12,0:08:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we traveled to the bottom \Nof the Mediterranean,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.58,0:08:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1,600 meters below the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.63,0:08:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what happened\Nto plastic in the absence of light,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.03,0:08:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the absence of oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.52,0:08:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We traveled thousands of kilometers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.63,0:09:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Pacific, to islands\Nwhere seabirds were ingesting plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.06,0:09:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mistaking it for food.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.47,0:09:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most powerful scenes\Nin the film is of a heroic little seabird
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.72,0:09:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called a shearwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.42,0:09:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These birds, chicks,\Nwere turning up dead in their hundreds
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.62,0:09:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on an island called Lord Howe Island.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.19,0:09:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we opened\Nthe stomachs of these birds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.83,0:09:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found them filled with plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.51,0:09:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one particular little chick,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.11,0:09:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found 272 pieces of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.53,0:09:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's equal to about 12 pizzas\Nif you were to eat them all at once
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.38,0:09:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put them in your stomach.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.39,0:09:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine the pain\Nthis animal was going through?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.66,0:09:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we opened other chicks,\Nwe found a red bottle cap,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.50,0:09:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realized at that moment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.88,0:10:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that bottle cap could have been\Na bottle cap I threw away years earlier
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.57,0:10:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without understanding\Nthe consequences of my actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.24,0:10:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if I'm a surfer, a diver\Nand an ocean explorer,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.100,0:10:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I didn't realize the consequences\Nof my actions to the natural world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.99,0:10:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.06,0:10:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how could I expect anyone else\Nto understand theirs?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.40,0:10:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We needed awareness, and "A Plastic Ocean"\Nwould become the tool for that awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.40,0:10:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, scientists told us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.90,0:10:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we would dispose of\Nbetween 8 and 12 million tons of plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.28,0:10:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the world's oceans every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.84,0:10:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How on earth did we allow that to happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.75,0:10:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the answer's simple: We were\Ntold plastic would make our lives easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.64,0:10:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would no longer have to do\Nthe washing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.06,0:10:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would keep our food fresher.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.27,0:11:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would protect our consumer products\Nlike no other material before it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.17,0:11:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in many ways, it did just that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.37,0:11:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we were also told that plastic\Ncould be used just once and thrown away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.97,0:11:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.30,0:11:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plastic is the most durable product\Nwe have ever made.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.48,0:11:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can the most durable product\Nwe've ever made be considered disposable?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.56,0:11:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is, "It can't. It isn't."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.97,0:11:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every piece of plastic ever made is still\Non the Earth unless it's been burned.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.25,0:11:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.24,0:11:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have produced more plastic\Nthan the entire century before that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.35,0:11:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifteen years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.37,0:11:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States'\NCenter for Decease Control
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.26,0:11:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,released a study which showed\Nthat more than 92% of all Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.41,0:11:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contain chemicals related to plastic\Nin their blood and their urine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.93,0:11:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more disturbing than that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.41,0:12:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that children between the ages\Nof 6 and 11 have twice as much.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.43,0:12:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, plastic chemical like phthalates\Nand bisphenol As contain compounds
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.76,0:12:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have estrogenic activity,\Nwhich mimic and sometimes block
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.83,0:12:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the natural hormonal\Nproduction of our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.34,0:12:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent research shows that these\Ncan cause endocrine disruptive decease,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.70,0:12:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer, diabetes, fertility\Nand other reproductive issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.10,0:12:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But plastic has become\Nan integral part of our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.79,0:12:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very useful tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.12,0:12:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My cameras, my car, my computers -\Nall contain plastic components.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.81,0:12:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our habitual consumption\Nof single-use plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.17,0:12:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is destroying life-giving environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.42,0:12:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's killing other species,\Nand it's polluting our food source.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.67,0:12:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what will happen\Nif we don't stop production of plastic?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.40,0:12:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as of 2015,\Nwe had produced, globally -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.58,0:13:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since plastic production\Nhas begun in the '50s -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.22,0:13:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8.3 billion tons of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.74,0:13:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8.3 billion tons.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.55,0:13:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6.3 billion tons of that has become waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.97,0:13:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of that 6.3 billion tons of waste,\Nonly 9% has been recycled.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.11,0:13:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2050, our population will explode\Nto more than 9.8 billion people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.42,0:13:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by then, we will be sending\N12 billion tons of plastic to landfill
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.61,0:13:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.41,0:13:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's staggering.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.17,0:13:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's the solution?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.83,0:13:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we need to stop our addiction\Nto single-use plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.28,0:13:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to move to a zero-waste society.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.94,0:13:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to change the very social\Nand financial paradigms
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.06,0:13:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that consider single-use plastic\Na useful resource.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.62,0:14:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need a multifaceted approach\Nto this problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.50,0:14:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with input from governments, retailers,\Nmanufacturers, consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.86,0:14:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to integrate new ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.87,0:14:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like new legislation, circular economies
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.09,0:14:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cradle-to-grave responsibility\Nfor manufacturers and retailers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.66,0:14:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.89,0:14:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each one of us needs to be smarter\Nabout the choices we make.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.10,0:14:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all need to rethink plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.21,0:14:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how do we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.02,0:14:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we stop buying\Nsingle-use plastics, to start with.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.04,0:14:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I'm at home, and I have a drink,\NI don't need to use a straw.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.55,0:14:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why do I need a straw\Nwhen I go to a restaurant?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.47,0:14:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.23,0:14:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would I spend up to 2,000% more\Nbuying water in a plastic bottle
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.79,0:14:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it costs me so much less\Nto refill a steel container from the tap,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.53,0:14:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's quite often healthier?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.52,0:14:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes no sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.92,0:15:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a bag with you, a reusable bag,\Nwhen you go shopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.50,0:15:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you get to the supermarket\Nor the market, call the manager over.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.42,0:15:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the checkout, unwrap all the plastic\Nfrom all of those fruits and vegetables
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.98,0:15:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been individually wrapped\Nwith this plastic stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.88,0:15:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give it to the manager,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.24,0:15:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to the supermarket,\Nback to the market,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.30,0:15:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tell them to dispose of it properly
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.16,0:15:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you don't want to have\Nthe responsibility of taking it home
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.32,0:15:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and having to do that anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.83,0:15:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But more importantly, we need to go back.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.97,0:15:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to understand the systems\Nthat sustain life on planet Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.94,0:15:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the bird and the worm.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.13,0:15:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bird wasn't committing murder.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.27,0:15:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're part of a greater ecological,\Nenvironmental system
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.48,0:15:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which sustains life on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.20,0:15:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that now.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.38,0:15:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't when I was five years of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.94,0:15:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like eight years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.12,0:15:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had no idea that by throwing\Nmy plastic products into the rubbish bin,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.03,0:16:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was damaging the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.03,0:16:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was polluting the food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.20,0:16:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Awareness is a very powerful tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.76,0:16:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I say in the film,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.28,0:16:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"With knowing comes caring,\Nand with caring comes change."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.93,0:16:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd like to leave you\Nwith this last thought:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.64,0:16:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Change starts with each\Nand every one of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.54,0:16:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a need to change,\Nand when that need arises, it's right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.74,0:16:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we all need to start change
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.33,0:16:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our future, for ourselves\Nand for our children.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.85,0:16:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.39,0:16:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)