[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.52,0:00:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, my name is Judy Thompson,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.33,0:00:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I teach English as a second language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.79,0:00:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I love my job.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.87,0:00:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm going to talk about \Nwhat everyone needs to know about English.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.52,0:00:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, English is a tricky language;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.43,0:00:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the letters and the sounds\Ndon't go together.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.42,0:00:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no one can read\Nr-e-d and h-e-a-d and s-a-i-d
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.06,0:00:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and guess from the spelling -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.80,0:00:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and guess from the spelling
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.11,0:00:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those words sound the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.36,0:00:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the connection between\Nletters and sounds in English is so loose
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.88,0:00:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,native speakers like me, \Npeople whose first language is English,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.96,0:00:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very often have a difficult time \Nlearning how to read,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.94,0:00:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ESL, people who are learning English,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.38,0:00:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can often read very well and can't speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.79,0:00:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm going to share \Nwith you three secrets today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.53,0:01:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 99% of English speakers\Ndon't know about English.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.13,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first secret is specifically\Nfor people learning English,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.86,0:01:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's specifically for ESL.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second secret\Nis for native speakers of English
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.30,0:01:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them communicate better.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.32,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third secret is for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.69,0:01:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you get,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.99,0:01:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once you hear these three secrets\Nabout how English works,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.64,0:01:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will transform your relationship\Nto English and your ability to communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.06,0:01:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the rest of your life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.76,0:01:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's get started.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.22,0:01:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So English is a stress-based language,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.26,0:01:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is important for\Nnon-native English speakers to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.89,0:01:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't mean very much,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.77,0:01:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if you come from a language\Nthat is a sound-based language.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.08,0:01:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most languages are sound-based,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.94,0:01:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where each and every sound is important,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.70,0:01:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you miss a sound\Nor you say something wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.24,0:01:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the meaning is lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.86,0:01:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English isn't like this;\Nwe don't care about sounds at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.70,0:02:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if somebody said at work, you know,\N"We are having a meeting on Vednesday,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.01,0:02:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone would show up \Nthe day after Tuesday,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.70,0:02:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if they said, "When is your birfday?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.01,0:02:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would just tell them\Nthe day that [you] were born.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.78,0:02:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have tremendous\Nflexibility with accents;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.95,0:02:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sounds just aren't \Nthat important in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.34,0:02:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is important in English
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.23,0:02:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is giving specific qualities\Nto specific syllables.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.04,0:02:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I will tell you a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.47,0:02:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my children were three and two,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the first time we took them\Nto a restaurant for dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.27,0:02:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the server asked the two-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.05,0:02:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Honey, what would you like for dinner?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.39,0:02:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she said "basghetti."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.93,0:02:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the three-year-old,\Nwho wanted the same meal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.64,0:02:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was incensed with the pronunciation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.65,0:02:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she says, "it's not basghetti,"\Nshe says, "it's spasghetti."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.10,0:02:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.35,0:02:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the waiter smiled,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.61,0:02:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no meaning was lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.45,0:02:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So bas-GHE-tti, spas-GHE-tti, spa-GHE-tti,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.07,0:03:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all mean the same thing\Nto a native speaker
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.04,0:03:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the center syllable\Nwas pronounced louder, longer and higher
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.55,0:03:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the rest of the syllables.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.29,0:03:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you are trying to learn \NEnglish as a second language,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.19,0:03:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stop suffering about your accent,\N"Oh, I am sorry for my accent,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.28,0:03:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't worry about your accent anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.25,0:03:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't worry about grammar anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.05,0:03:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have one and only one responsibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.76,0:03:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's to get the stress right\Nin important words,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.61,0:03:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that will carry the day\Nand people will understand you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.54,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the second point -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.95,0:03:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, wait a second!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.12,0:03:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What town are we in right now?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.26,0:03:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What town is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.55,0:03:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience) Oakville.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.78,0:03:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's OAK-ville, exactly!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.96,0:03:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Okvill"?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.46,0:03:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what that is;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.72,0:03:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's Punjabi or it's Korean,\Nbut it isn't English.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.64,0:03:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And "Oak-VILLE," that would be French.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.02,0:03:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is OAK-ville, and this country,\Nwhat country is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.90,0:03:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience) Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.96,0:03:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's CA-nada, exactly!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.34,0:04:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.60,0:04:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the way stress works.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.15,0:04:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secret number two is for native speakers\Nof English, and it's "linking,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.03,0:04:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and native speakers\Ndon't start words with vowels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.36,0:04:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to back up for a minute\Nbecause I'm a native speaker of English,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.13,0:04:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you something\Nthat I am embarrassed to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.43,0:04:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really - it's my first language.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.40,0:04:29.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world's business and science, \Ntechnology, commerce
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.100,0:04:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is all done in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.88,0:04:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learning English is not my problem;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.92,0:04:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's their problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.30,0:04:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what I really thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.75,0:04:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm embarrassed to say this now,\Nbut that's what I really thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.84,0:04:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you a picture
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.85,0:04:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of English in the world today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.51,0:04:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is a circle that represents\Nall speakers of English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.88,0:04:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the little blue part in the corner
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.31,0:04:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the total\Nof native English speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.62,0:04:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that is Australians\Nand Americans and Canadians,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.44,0:05:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all together we form 350 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.43,0:05:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.76,0:05:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the vast minority of people\Nspeaking English in the world today.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.74,0:05:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1.5 billion people speak English\Nas a second or third or fourth language.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.64,0:05:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I am still thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.44,0:05:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So what? That's my language\Nthat they're after."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.38,0:05:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means most conversations\Nhappen in the world today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.32,0:05:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between two non-native speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.82,0:05:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they understand each other perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.79,0:05:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yes! China buys her coffee \Nfrom Colombia in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.63,0:05:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, Italy buys -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.46,0:05:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finland buys marble or water from Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.70,0:05:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they use English,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.57,0:05:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not the English\Nthat I am speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.48,0:05:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pressure of 1.5 billion people \Nlearning this language was -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.86,0:05:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they changed it; they changed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.79,0:05:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They changed it so much
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.33,0:06:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can understand each other\Nand they can't understand me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.50,0:06:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, now I see how it's my problem
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.08,0:06:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that more than 80% of the people\Nwho speak English in the world today
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.60,0:06:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't understand me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.100,0:06:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't understand me for two reasons,\Nand the first one is "linking."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.59,0:06:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, linking is the phenomenon of\Nspeaking the easiest way it is to speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.76,0:06:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in most languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.60,0:06:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way human beings\Ncreate speech the easiest way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.70,0:06:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is alternating consonants\Nand vowel sounds, consonant-vowel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.34,0:06:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, Germany,\NCanada, Mexico, China -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.59,0:06:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hm, hm, hm," that's how people talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.86,0:06:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many, many languages\Nare written exactly that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.07,0:06:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they start with consonants,\Nalternating consonants and vowels.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.16,0:06:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, not English!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.66,0:06:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English, as we already learned,\Nis spelt any which way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.85,0:06:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Independently of how it is spelt,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.52,0:07:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people pronounce it \Nbeginning with consonants.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.74,0:07:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I am going to need\Nsomebody brave here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.82,0:07:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a normal thing\Nthat somebody would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.02,0:07:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some native English speaker,\Nyou're coming down the hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.82,0:07:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's breakfast time,\Nyou can smell it cooking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.53,0:07:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you pop in some toast,\Nand you say, "Honey" -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.88,0:07:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's gonna be the brave one?\NWho's gonna say this out loud?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.69,0:07:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like you would say it.\NGo ahead, say it!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.59,0:07:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it say?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.83,0:07:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience) Can I have a bit of egg?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.51,0:07:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure. Say it again!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.99,0:07:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience) Can I have a bit of egg?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.70,0:07:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I have a bit of egg? Exactly!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.71,0:07:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't slang, it isn't sloppy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.35,0:07:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can ni ha va bi da vegg" is what we say.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.56,0:07:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can I have a bit of egg?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.12,0:07:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, and this is why\N1.5 billion people can't understand us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.26,0:07:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they can't reconcile
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.51,0:07:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the words that they've learned\Nand the words they've studied
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.61,0:07:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the words that they're hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.51,0:07:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God bless when they\Nlook for "vegg" in the dictionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.97,0:07:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.58,0:08:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, It's just not right.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.02,0:08:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So secret number three, the other reason
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.39,0:08:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people can't understand\Nwhat native speakers say is collocations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.96,0:08:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So collocations is another name \Nfor expressions, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.31,0:08:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small groups of words\Nthat come together for no reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.60,0:08:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that create an image.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.73,0:08:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So an expression\Nlike "fall in love, fall in love"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.99,0:08:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creates an image of romance or something.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.39,0:08:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this small group of words is fixed,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.61,0:08:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there is no "fall to love" or \N"fall between love" or "fall near love,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.21,0:08:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that isn't English,\Nand it doesn't mean anything at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.09,0:08:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these expressions are carved in ... ?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.83,0:08:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's right: not soap,\Nthey're carved in stone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.22,0:08:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not carved in soap.\NThey're not carved in sand.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.87,0:08:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thousands and thousands\Nof these expressions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.87,0:08:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how native speakers \Nreally communicate with each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.02,0:08:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not grammar.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.99,0:09:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people study grammar for -\Nwell, they can study it their whole life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.64,0:09:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can not sound like\Nnative speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.78,0:09:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because native speakers' expressions\Nrun English, not grammar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.66,0:09:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.92,0:09:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Honestly, if a student of mine\Nwrote this paragraph, I would be ecstatic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.53,0:09:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Last night we ate dinner at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.64,0:09:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I cooked chicken.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.77,0:09:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After dinner, my husband\Nwashed the dishes.]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.86,0:09:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The grammar is perfect,\Nnothing wrong there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.96,0:09:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no native speaker\Nwould talk like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.68,0:09:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we don't eat meals, we have them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.33,0:09:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't cook food, we make it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.48,0:09:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't wash dishes, we do them:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.82,0:09:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"do" collocates with "dishes"\Nfor no reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.67,0:09:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is how native speakers speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.04,0:09:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to put the final nail\Nin the grammar coffin right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.82,0:09:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there are 208, actually,\N208 grammar rules,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.12,0:09:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the global English\Nthat the 1.5 billion people are speaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.42,0:10:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they use 10, 10 grammar rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.08,0:10:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use 208.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.29,0:10:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here is one that we use:\Nadjectives describe nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.17,0:10:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody knows that.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.55,0:10:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's an adjective?\NAdjectives describe nouns.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.05,0:10:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, that's not really true.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.52,0:10:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here is a list\Nof very good adjectives right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.06,0:10:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another tricky thing about English
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.06,0:10:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we have so many words\Nthat mean the pretty much the same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.94,0:10:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a bunch of adjectives\Nthat mean pretty much the same thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.39,0:10:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one and only one collocates,\Ngoes together with Christmas,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.82,0:10:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no such thing\Nas "Gleeful Christmas,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.55,0:10:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no such thing \Nas "Glad Christmas,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.21,0:10:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that isn't English.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.70,0:10:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is no "Merry New Year,"\Nand there is no "Merry birthday,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.19,0:10:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that isn't English.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.49,0:10:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is about, I don't know,\Nhalf a dozen things maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.39,0:10:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that go together naturally with "merry,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.30,0:10:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can have "merry men" \Nand "eat, drink and be merry"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.13,0:10:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "merry go round," "the merry widow."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.39,0:10:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.40,0:11:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So "merry" is an adjective;\N"wall" is a noun, there's no "merry wall."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.80,0:11:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grammatically, it's correct.\NThere is no "merry floor."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.29,0:11:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they - they, the pink guys -\N1.5 billion people can't understand us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.85,0:11:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we use so many expressions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.23,0:11:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't use any at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.99,0:11:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So grammar is linear, English is abstract,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.04,0:11:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an idiomatic language.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.90,0:11:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collocations is the secret \Nto native speaking, not grammar at all -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.32,0:11:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to get\Na few calls about that, I'll tell you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.03,0:11:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we go,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.69,0:11:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only do they not -\Nthe vast majority of English speakers -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.81,0:11:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not use expressions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.50,0:11:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's a picture of what they do use.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.33,0:11:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the diagram on the right,\Nyou've already seen that,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.20,0:11:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's, you know, the people\Nspeaking English in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.95,0:11:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one on the left represents\Nall the words in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.95,0:11:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's more than a million words\Ncommonly used in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.67,0:12:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So anyone here, anybody listening
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.18,0:12:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has instant access to about 500,000 words.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.61,0:12:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have too many words.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.15,0:12:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see that little pink dot in there,\Nthe little pink dot with the arrow?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.16,0:12:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, 2000 words, that's how many words
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.62,0:12:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the 1.5 billion people use.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.77,0:12:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is not a new list.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.74,0:12:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in 1930, David Ogden developed\Nthe "Basic English Word List," 850 words,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.38,0:12:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he took it to India,\NChina, around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.45,0:12:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then by 1958, The Voice of America\Nadded 700 words to that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.45,0:12:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has been transmitting\Nthe news of the world to the Third World
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.34,0:12:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using 1500 words, since 1958.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.29,0:12:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Native speakers lose.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.20,0:12:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use so many expressions\Nwe can't even understand each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.93,0:12:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My son's eighteen years old;\Nhe eats all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.32,0:13:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we get to the end of my meal,\Nand there is a potato or something there,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.74,0:13:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he looks over at my plate and he goes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.58,0:13:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You finished with that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.78,0:13:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is he saying?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.82,0:13:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can I have your potato?"\Nthat's what he said.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.30,0:13:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, "Sure, eat my potato."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.60,0:13:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he's eating my potato,\Nand then he looks up and goes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.23,0:13:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mom, what are you doing tonight?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.76,0:13:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does he want?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.71,0:13:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He doesn't care what I am doing tonight!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.72,0:13:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.70,0:13:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wants the car.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.68,0:13:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's that abstract,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.56,0:13:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no connection in words\Nbetween what we're saying
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.10,0:13:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.46,0:13:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys can't get that,\Nnobody can make that leap,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.96,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we are not invited\Nto international business meetings:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are excluded
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.54,0:13:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the person they can't understand\Nat the meeting is us
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.17,0:13:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the meeting goes much better\Nwhen we're not there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.70,0:13:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.77,0:13:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he is 18 years old, \Nhe is on the phone talking to his friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.32,0:13:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, it's like,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.86,0:13:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Gnarly dude, awesome!\NYou scored a ThinkPad? That's sick!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.72,0:14:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sick!" I know that this is a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.63,0:14:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what my doctor's saying;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.39,0:14:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what my mechanic\Nor what my son's saying;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.92,0:14:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my husband's an engineer,\NI don't know what he's saying either.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.87,0:14:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So English is so exclusive\Nbecause of our overuse of expressions
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.31,0:14:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't know what each other's saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.17,0:14:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 80+% of the world\Ndoesn't know what we're saying either.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.37,0:14:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the three secrets that native speakers\Ndon't know about speaking English
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.43,0:14:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are stress -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.65,0:14:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English is a stress-based language -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.69,0:14:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linking and the process\Nof speaking how it is easiest to speak
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.45,0:14:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independently of how English is written,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.20,0:14:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collocations or expressions rule,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.33,0:14:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not grammar.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.95,0:14:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's an idea worth sharing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.99,0:14:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a native English speaker,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.71,0:14:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I teach English, I am an expert
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.24,0:14:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a language that is\Nalmost past its best before date.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.49,0:15:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there it is in white and black.