[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.02,0:00:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Late one night in 1871, a group of riders \Ndescended on a sleeping army camp.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.66,0:00:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In minutes they stirred the camp into a \Npanic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.40,0:00:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stole about seventy horses,\Nand disappeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.23,0:00:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Led by a young chief named Quanah \NParker,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.54,0:00:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the raid was the latest in a long series\Nof altercations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.05,0:00:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the Texas frontier between\Nthe indigenous people known as the Numunu,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.91,0:00:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Comanches,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.35,0:00:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the United States forces sent to \Nsteal Comanche lands for white settlers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.43,0:00:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though the conflict was decades old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.84,0:00:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,U.S. Colonel Ranald MacKenzie \Nled the latest iteration.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.60,0:00:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From summer to winter, he tracked Quanah.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.64,0:00:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Quanah was also tracking him, and each\Ntime the colonel drew near his targets,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.36,0:00:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they disappeared without a\Ntrace into the vast plains.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.48,0:01:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Comanches had controlled this \Nterritory for nearly two hundred years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.87,0:01:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hunting buffalo and moving whole villages\Naround the plains.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.31,0:01:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They suppressed Spanish and Mexican \Nattacks from the south,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.84,0:01:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attempts to settle the land by the United\NStates from the east,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.28,0:01:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and numerous other indigenous peoples’ \Nbids for power.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.46,0:01:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Comanche Empire was not one \Nunified group under central control,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.83,0:01:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather a number of bands, each with \Nits own leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.28,0:01:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What all of these bands had in common \Nwas their prowess as riders—
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.64,0:01:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every man, woman, and child was adept \Non horseback.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.64,0:01:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their combat skills on horseback
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.62,0:01:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far surpassed those of both other\Nindigenous peoples and colonists,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.37,0:01:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing them to control an enormous \Narea with relatively few people—
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.27,0:01:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably about 40,000 at their peak
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only about 4-5,000 by the time Quanah\NParker and Ranald Mackenzie faced off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.29,0:02:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Born around 1848, Quanah was the eldest \Nchild of Peta Nocona,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.95,0:02:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a leader of the Nokoni band, \Nand Cynthia Ann Parker,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.95,0:02:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kidnapped white settler who assimilated\Nwith the Comanches
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.71,0:02:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took the name Naduah.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.10,0:02:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Quanah was a preteen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.17,0:02:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,US forces ambushed his village, \Ncapturing his mother and sister.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.41,0:02:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quanah and his younger brother sought \Nrefuge with a different Comanche band,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.83,0:02:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Quahada.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.46,0:02:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the years that followed, Quanah proved \Nhimself as a warrior and leader.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.88,0:02:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his early twenties, he and a young \Nwoman named Weakeah eloped,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.53,0:02:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enraging her powerful father and several\Nother leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.59,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They stayed on the run for a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.82,0:02:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attracting followers and establishing \NQuanah as a paraibo, or chief,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.77,0:02:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at an exceptionally young age.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.36,0:02:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under his leadership the Quahada band \Nwas able to elude the U.S. military
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.06,0:02:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continue their way of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.05,0:03:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the early 1870s, the East Coast \Nmarket for buffalo hides became lucrative,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.63,0:03:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hunters slaughtered millions of \Nbuffalo in just a few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.20,0:03:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, U.S. forces led \Na surprise attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.58,0:03:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killing nearly all the Quahada band’s 1400\Nhorses and stealing the rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.09,0:03:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though he had vowed to never surrender, \NQuanah knew that without bison or horses,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.41,0:03:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Comanches faced certain \Nstarvation in winter.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.81,0:03:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 1875 Quanah and \Nthe Quahada band
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.12,0:03:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moved to the Fort Sill \Nreservation in Oklahoma.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.38,0:03:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As hunter-gatherers,\Nthey could not transition easily
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.78,0:03:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an agricultural way of life \Non the reservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.10,0:03:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US government had promised\Nrations and supplies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.37,0:03:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what they provided was \Nwildly insufficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.98,0:03:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quanah, meanwhile, was suddenly in a \Nweak political position:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.10,0:03:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had no wealth or power
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.93,0:03:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to others who had been \Non the reservation longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.13,0:03:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, he saw an opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.78,0:04:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reservation included ample grasslands—
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.66,0:04:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,useless to the Comanches but perfect for \Ncattle ranchers to graze their herds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.02,0:04:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He began a profitable arrangement leasing\Nthe land to cattle ranchers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.02,0:04:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quietly at first.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.62,0:04:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, he negotiated leasing rights\Nwith the US government,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.60,0:04:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which ensured a steady source of income\Nfor the Comanches on the reservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.79,0:04:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Quanah’s status on the reservation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.37,0:04:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recognition from government \Nofficials grew,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.34,0:04:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he secured better rations, advocated for\Nthe construction of schools and houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.31,0:04:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and became one of three tribal judges \Non the reservation court.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.37,0:04:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tired of speaking with multiple leaders,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.96,0:04:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S. Government wanted to appoint \None chief of all Comanches—
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.08,0:04:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a role that hadn’t existed \Noutside the reservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.22,0:04:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, many Comanches supported Quanah \Nfor this role,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.22,0:04:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as several older leaders had \Nsupported him
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.48,0:04:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lead them against the US armed forces.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.26,0:05:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Quanah’s former adversary, Ranald \NMacKenzie, advocated for his appointment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.93,0:05:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quanah acted in Hollywood movies and \Nbefriended American politicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.36,0:05:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,riding in Theodore Roosevelt’s\Ninauguration parade.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.39,0:05:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, he never cut his long braids and\Nadvocated for the Native American Church
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.04,0:05:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the use of peyote.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.78,0:05:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He began to go by Quanah Parker, adopting\Nhis mother’s surname,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.52,0:05:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tried to track down his mother \Nand sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.80,0:05:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually learning they had both \Ndied shortly after their capture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.78,0:05:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quanah adapted again and again—\Nto different worlds, different roles,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.03,0:05:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and circumstances that would seem \Ninsurmountable to most.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.39,0:05:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though he wasn’t without critics, \Nafter Quanah’s passing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.86,0:05:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Comanches began using the term “chairman”
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.44,0:05:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to designate the top elected \Nofficial in the tribe,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.69,0:05:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognizing him as the last chief of the \NComanches
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.19,0:05:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a model of cultural \Nsurvival and adaptation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.89,0:05:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that spirit, today’s Comanche Nation\Nlooks towards the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.16,0:06:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with over 16,000 enrolled citizens \Nand countless descendants.