Hi, friends!
This module discuss about language
acquisition and language learning.
The factors influencing the acquisition
of a language,
like the learner factors, environmental
factors and infrastructural factors
are dealt in detail.
Acquisition and learning.
Language acquisition is the process by
which humans acquired the capacity to
perceive and comprehend language. As well
as to produce and use language.
Acquisition is implicit and subconscious
which take place in an informal situation.
According to Stephen Christian 1985,
language acquisition does not require
extensive use of conscious grammatical
rules and tedious drill.
Acquisition requires meaningful
interaction in the target language,
natural communication in which speakers
are connected,
not with the form of their entrances but
with the messages they are convenient
and understanding.
Language acquisition encompasses the
development of
four interdependent systems.
Pragmatic: communicative use of language
in a social context;
Phonological: perception and production of
sounds to form words;
Semantics: processing of meaning
and grammatical use of syntactic and
morphological rules to combine words
into meaningful sentences.
The phonological and grammatical systems
constitute the language form.
The pragmatic system describes
how language should be adapted
to specific social situations
in order to convey emotions
and reinforce meaning.
The term acquisition is used for L1
and the term learning is associated
with L2.
Children acquire language through a
subconscious process
during which they are unaware of
grammatical rules,
that is no deliberator for to learn the
language.
They pick up language in informal
situations.
Language acquisition is implicit, and
effortless as meaningful communication
occurs in natural environment.
While communicating the message in the
text is given more important
rather than the form.
... connected through feedback or
when they hear the correct usages.
Later on, they can cut it themselves
when they become masters of linguistic
generalizations.
They will be confident in using the
language in the real life situations.
Language learning is explicit and
conscious
and takes place in a formal situation.
The rules of the language are taught
directly
and learning is the product of formal
instruction.
It is learning about a language.
Children have the conscious knowledge of
the new language, and can talk about it.
They can memorize the rules to solve a
grammatical problem,
but when it comes to the practical level
of using the language
it may not work.
In the case of second language,
all the third or the fourth language,
this is what happens.
Whatever that is learned
meaningfully and naturally, is retained
and will become acquired.