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Hi, friends!

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This module discuss about language 
acquisition and language learning.

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The factors influencing the acquisition 
of a language,

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like the learner factors, environmental 
factors and infrastructural factors

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are dealt in detail.

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Acquisition and learning.

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Language acquisition is the process by
which humans acquired the capacity to

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perceive and comprehend language. As well
as to produce and use language.

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Acquisition is implicit and subconscious
which take place in an informal situation.

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According to Stephen Christian 1985, 
language acquisition does not require

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extensive use of conscious grammatical 
rules and tedious drill.

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Acquisition requires meaningful 
interaction in the target language,

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natural communication in which speakers
are connected,

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not with the form of their entrances but
with the messages they are convenient

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and understanding.

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Language acquisition encompasses the 
development of

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four interdependent systems.

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Pragmatic: communicative use of language
in a social context;

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Phonological: perception and production of
sounds to form words;

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Semantics: processing of meaning

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and grammatical use of syntactic and
morphological rules to combine words

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into meaningful sentences.

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The phonological and grammatical systems
constitute the language form.

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The pragmatic system describes

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how language should be adapted

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to specific social situations

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in order to convey emotions

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and reinforce meaning.

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The term acquisition is used for L1

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and the term learning is associated
with L2.

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Children acquire language through a 
subconscious process

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during which they are unaware of 
grammatical rules,

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that is no deliberator for to learn the
language.

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They pick up language in informal 
situations.

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Language acquisition is implicit, and
effortless as meaningful communication

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occurs in natural environment.

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While communicating the message in the
text is given more important

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rather than the form.

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... connected through feedback or
when they hear the correct usages.

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Later on, they can cut it themselves

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when they become masters of linguistic
generalizations.

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They will be confident in using the 
language in the real life situations.

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Language learning is explicit and
conscious

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and takes place in a formal situation.

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The rules of the language are taught
directly

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and learning is the product of formal
instruction.

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It is learning about a language.

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Children have the conscious knowledge of
the new language, and can talk about it.

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They can memorize the rules to solve a
grammatical problem,

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but when it comes to the practical level
of using the language

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it may not work.

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In the case of second language,

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all the third or the fourth language,

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this is what happens.

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Whatever that is learned

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meaningfully and naturally, is retained
and will become acquired.

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Factors influencing acquisition.

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Language learning is a habit formation

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and so,

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if one's acquired it becomes automatic.

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According to Paul Roberts:

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"When we learn the first language,

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we face the universe directly

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and learn to clothe it with speech.

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When we learn a second language,

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we tend to filter the universe through 
the language already known."

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By the time the child learns a second 
language,

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he is familiar with the system of
mother tongue.

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He has to set aside the rules and sets of
his mother tongue

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to invite the habits of a new language.

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Factors influencing acquisition can be 
broadly classified into three.

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They are:

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Learner factors.

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Infrastructural factors.

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Environmental factors.

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The learner factors.

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The learner factors influencing the 
acquisition of a language are mainly:

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Psychological, Physiological and
Sociological.

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Factors like aptitude, attitude, 
interest, personality,

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multivision, age, sex, intelligence and 
learning styles come under this.

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Aptitude.

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Aptitude refers to the potential for 
achievement.

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According to Carrol,

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foreign language aptitude consisted of
four independent abilities

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They are