[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.96,0:00:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] You're watching \NNational Geographic Channel Presents.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.83,0:00:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a place so ghastly and grotesque\Nthat most people recoil in horror,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.73,0:00:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these acres, filled with decaying \Nhuman flesh actually save lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.35,0:00:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a training ground \Nfor forensic specialists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.78,0:00:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solving murders one corpse at a time,\Nunlocking the secrets of the body farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.83,0:00:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[dog barking]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.54,0:00:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Steve Sims] It's pretty\Ndark out here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.18,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] A skeleton \Nuncovered in Memphis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.86,0:00:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] Maybe we can find a grease spot\Nwhere the actual body is decomposed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.71,0:00:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] A family, \Nmurdered in Mississippi,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.62,0:01:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a body stashed \Nin a Las Vegas locker.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.54,0:01:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real crimes, with real consquences.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.71,0:01:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] We got a rib, \Nwe got a right scapula.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.96,0:01:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] What's the connection \Nbetween these grisly discoveries?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.55,0:01:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real CSI. Scientists, turned \Ncrime scene investigators,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.21,0:01:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dramatized on a hit TV series,\Nbut what do they really do?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.58,0:01:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] Did the skull look \Nsmall to you too?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.30,0:01:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[woman] Ready? \NLet's get him to the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.95,0:01:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] And where do \Nthey learn their trade?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.85,0:01:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to ground zero in \Nthe field of forensic anthropology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.33,0:01:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a unique outdoor classroom, \Nwhere the subject is death,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.95,0:01:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more than half the CSI units working \Nin the US today have been trained.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.57,0:01:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Founded by Dr. Bill Bass of the University\Nof Tennessee more than 25 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.94,0:01:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research conducted within these \Nfew wooded acres in Knoxville
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.24,0:01:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has redefined the frontiers \Nof forensic science.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.47,0:02:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Bill Bass] The anthropology \Nresearch facility,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.46,0:02:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what most people call the "body farm," \Nis a research facility that I set up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.71,0:02:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin to look at the decay and \Nthe rates of decay in human bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.87,0:02:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like many anthropologists, \NBass started out studying ancient bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.02,0:02:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His expertise eventually led to his helping\Nthe police with modern day murder victims.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.76,0:02:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] You know, we kill our friends \Nand neighbors by many different means,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.42,0:02:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of people are shot \Nor bludgeoned or stabbed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.44,0:02:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My orientation was what happens to a body \Nwhen it decays and how long does it take?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.39,0:02:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] He learned to read \Nbones for signs of trauma,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.66,0:02:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knife marks in ribs, \Nunusual fractures in skulls.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.79,0:02:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drawing on unclaimed bodies \Nfrom county morgues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.14,0:02:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he built an extensive \Ncollection of skeletons,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.04,0:03:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but early in his career, Bass realized that\Nbones weren't the only source of clues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.14,0:03:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decomposing flesh had \Nsecrets to reveal as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.57,0:03:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] I got a call one afternoon, it was \Nbetween Christmas and New Years--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.04,0:03:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was cold-- from the Williamson County \NSherriff's office,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.22,0:03:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telling me that they had a grave that had \Nbeen disturbed, would I come and help?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.60,0:03:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I get over there. This is a family \Ncemetery, back of a home.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.10,0:03:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Someone had broken \Ninto the earth, near a headstone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.48,0:03:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just beneath the surface, a headless male \Ncorpse. The remains looked fairly fresh.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.86,0:03:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Police needed to know how fresh.\NHad a new body been added to an old grave?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.11,0:03:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Bass agreed the body was in good shape,\Npink flesh still clung to the bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.30,0:03:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] I looked at it, I said you have \Na 24 to 28 year old white male
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.31,0:03:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's been dead about a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.01,0:03:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] But something didn't add up. \NBass kept digging,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.69,0:04:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately identifying the body \Nas Colonel William Shy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.63,0:04:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a rebel officer killed in the Civil War, \Nburied in an air-tight cast iron coffin,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.28,0:04:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the corpse had been \Nincredibly well-preserved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.32,0:04:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bass's original assessment had \Nbeen off by more than a century.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.44,0:04:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] People wonder why \NI started a body farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.76,0:04:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because of a couple of \Nexperiences like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.26,0:04:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make you realize that, you know, you\Nreally don't know much about decay rates,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.30,0:04:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to do \Nsomething about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.79,0:04:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] By now, more than \Nfour hundred human corpses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.36,0:04:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have decomposed \Nat the body farm,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.32,0:04:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every phase documented \Nunder a wide range of conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.42,0:04:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some critics say letting corpses \Ndecay here is irreverent,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.53,0:04:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the scientists insist the dead \Nare held in the highest respect.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.03,0:04:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Murray Marks] It's important to \Nremember that the anthropology department,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.57,0:04:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forensics center doesn't \Nown these bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.60,0:05:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're a gift to us to study \Ndecomposition, but if the day comes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.66,0:05:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and families ever decide that they \Nwant them, they belong to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.52,0:05:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin Miller] I always try and \Ntake a minute and say thank you,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.53,0:05:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because without them, \Nwe wouldn't be able to do
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.55,0:05:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any of this research and \Nthis place would not exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.75,0:05:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] There's no doubt that the \Nwork done here is incredibly valuable,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.33,0:05:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting in the convictions of \Ncountless violent criminals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.33,0:05:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who may have\Notherwise walked free.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.98,0:05:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those bodies, \Nso generously donated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.03,0:05:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are put to good use in earnest \Nefforts to protect the living.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.42,0:05:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] We've looked at decaying bodies \Nin various scenarios:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.81,0:05:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clothing, no clothing, sun, shade, \Nburied, not buried, water, trunks of cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.10,0:05:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been able to establish \Na sequence of events
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.24,0:05:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that occurs under \Nall of these conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.44,0:05:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin Miller] You can \Nsee all through here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.91,0:05:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's all decayed, \Nand we've got some more bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.24,0:05:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Marks] Forensic anthropology \Nand forensic entomology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.44,0:06:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really take off from right here \Nwhere we're walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.02,0:06:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean this is, in a sense, ground zero \Nwhere this particular research takes place.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.21,0:06:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin Miller] It's interesting, \Nbecause they say okay... [fades out]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.96,0:06:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Dr. Murray Marks is one of the \Nthousands who have studied at the facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.22,0:06:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now he's on the faculty, \Nguiding the research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.95,0:06:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a new generation of scientists.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.50,0:06:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Murray Marks] When I see remains \Nlike this, I'm always reminded that this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.08,0:06:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is such a unique laboratory, \Nbecause where else can we study
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.85,0:06:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this whole process \Nof decomposition?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.52,0:06:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're there to speak for the victim, \Nfor the people that don't have a voice.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.04,0:06:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By doing that, we get \Never closer to the truth,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.92,0:06:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ever closer to making \Nsomeone pay for their crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.88,0:06:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The body farm's \Nmany successes has
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.07,0:06:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spread the facility's \Ninfluence far and wide.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.56,0:06:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new program called \Nthe National Forensic Academy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.85,0:06:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows police and lab technicians from \Nthroughout the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.30,0:07:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hone their skills amid a \Ncornucopia of fresh bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.17,0:07:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decomposing corpses, \Nand overgrown skeletons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.81,0:07:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Lee Jantz] If at any time you \Nhave a problem, I strongly recommend
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.89,0:07:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you turn around \Nand take a deep breath. Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.67,0:07:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not a pleasant thing. \NIt is something that you have to face
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.13,0:07:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some point in your careers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.35,0:07:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] In a wooded corner of the \Nfacility, the scientists have scattered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.90,0:07:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mixture of human bones, \Nanimal bones, bullet casings,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.09,0:07:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other \Nsimulated evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.23,0:07:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stained by time, soil, and weather, \Nand hidden by leaves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.42,0:07:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the scattered bones \Nare difficult to find,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.08,0:07:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as they would be \Nat an actual crime scene.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.86,0:07:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorting through human remains can be an \Nunsettling task, even for professionals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.38,0:07:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin Miller] Sometimes that\Nwhiff is just too much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.91,0:07:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Next: how to find \Na murder victim when the body
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.69,0:07:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is already buried six feet under.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.03,0:08:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,National Geographic Channel \NPresents will be right back.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.30,0:08:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, back to National Geographic \NChannel Presents.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.27,0:08:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The secrets of the body farm aren't \Nreserved solely for human students.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.31,0:08:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most cadaver dogs are trained \Nto find corpses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.31,0:08:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with synthetic samples \Nthat smell like decay.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.52,0:08:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, dogs are able to practice on \Nmultiple human bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.72,0:08:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in varying states of decomposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.67,0:08:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[dog handler] What you got?\NYou find something?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.05,0:08:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] They're taught to lie down \Nor bark when they find human remains.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.87,0:08:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[dog handler] Oh, good girl. \NWhat you got? Show me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.74,0:08:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good girl. Ready? \NWant to find some more?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.04,0:08:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Finding corpses on \Nthe surface is just a warm-up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.27,0:08:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[dog handler] Out here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.26,0:08:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The dogs move on to a series of\Nconcrete slabs for the graduate course.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.12,0:09:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under the yellow arrows, a researcher has \Nburied corpses and other debris.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.62,0:09:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[dog barks]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.34,0:09:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[dog handler] Very good!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.31,0:09:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Success is rewarded \Nimmediately, to reinforce
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.91,0:09:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every dog's complete \Nattention to the task.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.95,0:09:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jane Survey is in the early stages of \Ntraining her dog to indicate a discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.25,0:09:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jane Survey] While there's \Nsuch overwhelming scents,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.50,0:09:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want them to concentrate and \Nindicate on every one they find.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.22,0:09:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can happen, especially in early \Nstages of training in something like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.38,0:09:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they would go from one source,\Nto another source,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.67,0:09:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to another source \Nwithout indicating.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.93,0:09:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a great opportunity because \Nit tells them every single one,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.83,0:09:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indicate immediately, \Nthen go on to the next.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.76,0:09:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[to dog] You did very good, \Nyou're a smart dog!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.55,0:09:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Find it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.75,0:09:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[dog barks]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.44,0:09:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you saw her head-- \NFlora, show me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.82,0:09:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[dog barks]\NNo, you show me. Yes, good dog!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.58,0:10:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When she got over here, \Nher breathing changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.12,0:10:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you watch them \Nvery closely you can tell that.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.41,0:10:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost like they inhale \Nand then they stop breathing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.94,0:10:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're \Nprocessing the scent.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.78,0:10:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good dog! \NAre you the smartest girl?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.58,0:10:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Even the best cadaver dogs can\Nhave a difficult time locating some corpses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.34,0:10:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body farm is the perfect lab for \Ndeveloping new technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.21,0:10:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help locate \Nhuman remains.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.92,0:10:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] We have a problem in the United \NStates of the husband and wife,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.58,0:10:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of them gets mad, \Nkills the other one,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.60,0:10:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take them out in the\Nbackyard and bury them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.87,0:10:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they pour a concrete slab \Nover them and it's hard to find.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.77,0:10:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] This is an experimental \Nground-penetrating radar system, GPRS.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.78,0:10:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On loan from the US government, \Nit's one of only two units
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.42,0:10:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this GPR model in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.45,0:10:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been developed to locate dinosaur \Nbones, find unexploded artillery shells,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.61,0:11:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reveal hidden bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.60,0:11:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system is about the size \Nand weight of a weedwhacker,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.13,0:11:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's packed with \Npowerful electronics.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.58,0:11:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneath these concrete paths at the \Nanthropology research facility,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.64,0:11:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lie seven human bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.79,0:11:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michelle Miller buried the bodies at \Ndepths ranging from one foot to six feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.07,0:11:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would a body look like at each depth?\NCould the radar see through cement?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.46,0:11:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And would a body under cement \Nlook different from a body under dirt?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.68,0:11:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Michelle Miller] I want to see the difference \Nbetween cement and actual-- just the clay.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.80,0:11:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The head of one individual \Nis right here,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.46,0:11:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the head of the other \Nindividual is right there,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.40,0:11:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hopefully I'll be able to see the \Ndefinite difference of the GPR
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.74,0:11:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shooting through the \Ncement versus the non cement.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.02,0:11:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Miller didn't stop there, \Nshe added other variables.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.74,0:12:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could the system distinguish between \Na fresh corpse and a bare skeleton?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.52,0:12:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or between a body and rubble?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.10,0:12:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Michelle Miller] I want to see if it \Ncould really differentiate, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.38,0:12:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between a definite \Nindividual and not.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.80,0:12:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I did is I buried one \Nindividual on this side of the pad.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.62,0:12:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other side of the pad, \NI actually made a mock-up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.68,0:12:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used plastic buckets, metal buckets, \Ntwo-by-fours, and metal tubing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.44,0:12:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually built a body.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.15,0:12:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] What we're trying to do is to \Nmatch a situation like you're getting
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.97,0:12:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terrorist attacks now, where you get \Nnot only the people being blown up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.82,0:12:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you get all of the building or \Nthe surroundings filled in with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.74,0:12:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you distinguish a body under \Nall of that, what you may call "noise,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.15,0:12:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to say that, \Nor something is confusing the picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.87,0:12:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The system's field display \Nshows little detail,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.88,0:13:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a series of swirls and squiggles, \Nrepresenting different densities.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.73,0:13:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Miller wants to know if those \Npatterns can be read as bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.18,0:13:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back at the lab, the data is downloaded \Ninto a more sophisticated computer
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.76,0:13:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enhance the display.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.41,0:13:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The display shows a cross-section \Ncutaway of the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.05,0:13:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A red band across the top \Nshows the concrete,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.22,0:13:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dense, but transparent \Nas a windowpane to the GPRS.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.14,0:13:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneath that, disturbed soil, \Nwhich yields uniform signals of green.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.58,0:13:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, two feet down, \Nthe signals go crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.30,0:13:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matching the size and shape \Nof the body hidden there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.41,0:13:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once a body's been found, \Nthe detective work truly begins.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.40,0:13:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one piece of evidence everyone wants?\NTime since death.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.89,0:13:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] The police don't \Nask you "Who is that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.32,0:13:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ask you "How long \Nhave they been there?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.89,0:13:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I didn't have any \Nexperience with maggots,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.12,0:14:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I looked in the literature, and\Nthere was very little in the literature.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.99,0:14:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided this was an area \Nthat we needed to do research on.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.32,0:14:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to find out what happens \Nin the decay stages of human individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.88,0:14:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] In the 1980s, \NBass and a graduate student began
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.16,0:14:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charting the order and the \Ntiming of insect activity in corpses.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.09,0:14:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most numerous \Nwere blow flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.67,0:14:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iridescent flies that could \Nsniff out a body within seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.28,0:14:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each female blow fly laid eggs \Nby the hundreds,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.05,0:14:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually in natural body \Nopenings or bloody wounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.36,0:14:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In summertime, the eggs could \Nhatch in just two hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.76,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the resulting larvae, maggots \Nsoon formed a writhing, flesh-eating mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The maggots were nourished to maturity \Nby the proteins and lipids in the flesh.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.75,0:15:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some two weeks later, they formed \Npupa casings, or cocoons.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.26,0:15:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few days later, a new generation \Nof adult flies emerged
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.43,0:15:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from those pupa casings, \Nand the cycle began anew.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.46,0:15:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other insects joined the \Npost-mortem food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.51,0:15:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yellow jackets fed on blow fly eggs,\Nand beetles nibbled cartilage off bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.94,0:15:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the key players were \Nblow flies and their maggots.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.86,0:15:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Neal Haskell] Then we can go to the \Nproper charts... [fades out]
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.58,0:15:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The studies provided crucial \Ndata to scientists like Neal Haskell,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.24,0:15:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a forensic entomologist, who teaches \Nat St. Joseph's College in Indiana.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.97,0:15:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also testifies in murder trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.01,0:15:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coming up: a brutal and mysterious \Nmurder of a young family.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.93,0:15:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could insect activity \Ncrack the case?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.80,0:15:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Find out when Secrets \Nof the Body Farm continues.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.71,0:16:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're watching National Geographic \NChannel Presents.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.24,0:16:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The expert testimony of forensic \Nentomologist Neal Haskell,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.04,0:16:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trained at the body farm, \Nproved crucial as a grisly case
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.86,0:16:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfolded in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.49,0:16:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People renting storage space in a \Nmini warehouse had noticed a nasty smell.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.48,0:16:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Neal Haskell] Adjacent neighbors \Nthat had their storage in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.91,0:16:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're complaining to the management, \N"Something really stinks around here,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.99,0:16:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's time to get to the bottom of it."\NWell, they got a warrant to investigate,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.01,0:16:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then opened the storage unit up, \Nfound the garbage can in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.51,0:16:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,popped it open, and here is an absolutely \Ndisgustingly decomposing individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.41,0:16:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The body, mostly \Nliquified, was an elderly woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.07,0:16:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her daughter had rented the \Nstorage unit two years before.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.04,0:17:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The daughter told police her \Nmother had died unexpectedly.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.50,0:17:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grief-stricken, she stored the body \Nwhile pondering funeral arrangements.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.72,0:17:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Haskell learned a \Ndifferent story from the bugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.56,0:17:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically from\Nthe coffin flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.56,0:17:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're tiny, about the size of gnats, but\Nthey boldly go where other flies can't:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.46,0:17:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep underground.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.62,0:17:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a highly-evolved \Nsurvival strategy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.43,0:17:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Underground, they have \Na feast to themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.95,0:17:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Haskell] Coffin Flies got their name by\Ntheir very tenacious ability to identify
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.02,0:17:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where humans were buried \Nin the wooden coffins.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.66,0:17:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can burrow up to four to \Nfive feet in the soil,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.52,0:17:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access the coffins, and then lay their \Neggs, and they do their lifecycle there.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.76,0:17:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] It didn't surprise Haskell \Nto find coffin flies in the container.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.72,0:18:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What surprised him was not finding \Nblow flies, death's quickest opportunists.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.09,0:18:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Haskell] Blow flies can come in within \Nthe first seconds to minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.41,0:18:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if the temperatures\Nare warm enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.22,0:18:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see them laying eggs \Nwithin the first hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.28,0:18:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] But Haskell found \Nno traces of blow flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.76,0:18:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No flies, no eggs, no blow fly maggots.\NThe blow flies hadn't gotten to the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.86,0:18:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Haskell wondered why. Then it hit him: \Nthere wasn't time.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.83,0:18:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Haskell] Mom wasn't left laying \Naround for a number of days.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.14,0:18:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mom was processed very, very quickly, \Nplaced in that garbage can,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.60,0:18:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put in that storage area.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.12,0:18:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The evidence convinced the jury\Nthat the defendant killed her mother
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.02,0:18:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and moved swiftly to hide the body.\NThe sentence: life in prison, no parole.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.76,0:18:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since its inception, the body farm \Nhas conclusively connected insect activity
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.60,0:19:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with body decomposition, \Nallowing prosecutors
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.12,0:19:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring countless \Ncriminals to justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.73,0:19:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as an archaeologist can tell \Nhow long ago a civilization ended
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.25,0:19:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sifting through generations of rubble,\Na forensic entomologist can estimate
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.60,0:19:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long ago a life ended by combing \Nthrough generations of insects.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.55,0:19:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] One of the ways of determining the\Nlength of time is to gather the maggots.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.20,0:19:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to gather the largest maggots, \Nbecause that indicates the first hatch,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.12,0:19:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be a better indication of \Nhow long that individual has been dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.78,0:19:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up to about 14 to 21 days, depending on \Nthe temperature and environmental
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.12,0:19:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,situation in which \Nthe death occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.86,0:19:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Recently, Mississippi \Nprosecutors asked Dr. Bass
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.20,0:19:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help pinpoint time since \Ndeath in a brutal murder case.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.91,0:20:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone had murdered a young family, \Na husband, wife, and their young daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.79,0:20:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chief suspect, \Na relative of the victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.31,0:20:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,held a quarter million dollar \Nlife insurance policy on the child.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.90,0:20:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Bass was told the man had an alibi for\Nthe two weeks before the bodies were found.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.64,0:20:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The suspect also claimed that \Nhe tried to visit the family twice,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.19,0:20:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once in mid-November, \Nand again in late-November.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.59,0:20:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he admitted to being \Nat the crime scene,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.34,0:20:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he claimed on each \Noccasion, no one was home.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.52,0:20:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pinpointing the time \Nsince death was crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.18,0:20:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] I asked them to send me \Npictures of the crime scene,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.74,0:20:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to send me photographs \Nof the bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.10,0:20:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Bass looked for signs of \Ninsect activity, taking into account
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.89,0:20:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that the bodies \Nwere indoors, not outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.78,0:20:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] The blow flies are \Noutside of the house,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.01,0:21:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes them a few days to realize, \N"Hey, there's a dead body or bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.46,0:21:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that house. \NHow can I get in there?" you see.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.76,0:21:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Finally, Bass spotted a key\Npiece of photographic evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.95,0:21:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the discarded shells that maggots \Nleave behind as they turn into flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.91,0:21:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These pupa casings proved that once the\Nflies finally reached the murder victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.86,0:21:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the insects underwent a complete \N14 day lifecycle and then some.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.49,0:21:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bass's report concluded that the family \Nwas killed in November,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.76,0:21:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the date matching one of the \Ndefendant's admitted visits to the cabin.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.67,0:21:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blow flies helped prove opportunity, \Nthe insurance policy provided the motive.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.07,0:21:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The suspect was \Nconvicted of murder.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.60,0:21:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] It does make you feel good that \Nyou are able to look at the scientific data,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.07,0:21:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is there, and that's what I did. \NI didn't know any of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.05,0:21:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involved in this at all, and from\Nthe scientific data, able to make
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.76,0:22:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an analysis that corresponds exactly \Nto the events that occurred in this case.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.98,0:22:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Bass's work proved that in \Ncases where corpses were decomposed,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.51,0:22:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forensic anthropologists could \Nmake an important contribution
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.45,0:22:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a murder investigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.15,0:22:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still to come: when the blood's been \Nwashed away and evidence is scarce,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.46,0:22:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one investigator finds \Nthe answer is in the bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.86,0:22:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,National Geographic \NChannel Presents now continues.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.26,0:22:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chronology of decomposing flesh\Nprovides CSI units with useful evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.70,0:22:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Steve Sims, one of the body farm's \Nmost renowned graduates,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.98,0:22:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focuses on what's left behind after \Nthe bugs have picked the bones clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.59,0:22:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] Here, we do find a scatter five feet\Nfrom somebody's foundation of their house,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.100,0:23:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I found the thoracic vertebrae, \Nwhich are human.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.36,0:23:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over here there's a skull, \Nand over here is an arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.30,0:23:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already, dogs have destroyed \Na lot of the ends of the bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.99,0:23:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Originally, Sims planned \Nfor a career in archaeology.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.09,0:23:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After one class at the forensic facility, \Nhe left archaeology in the dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.86,0:23:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] This is the right tenth rib.\NRight here, and right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.15,0:23:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see some trauma. Indicative of \Nshot trauma or a knife stab wound.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.89,0:23:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Today, he's taking bone \Ntrauma analysis to a new level.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.82,0:23:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] One of the ways of \Nkilling an individual and trying to
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.52,0:23:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mask the identity of that\Nindividual is to saw the body up.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.30,0:23:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Saw the arms off, \Nsaw the head off.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.53,0:24:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Sims's speciality\Nis reading signatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.42,0:24:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tell-tale signs that \Nsaws leave behind
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.60,0:24:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a killer\Ncuts up a corpse.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.67,0:24:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] I've seen everything used\Nfrom knives to axes to
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.57,0:24:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serrated knives \Nbeing used as a saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:14.16,0:24:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen power tools used.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.57,0:24:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen a bandsaw\Nto cut up a body.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.88,0:24:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen circular saws\Nused numerous times.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.95,0:24:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Bone is an\Nengineering marvel.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.05,0:24:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a composite material, \Na flexible matrix of collogen fibers
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.50,0:24:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infused with calcium phosphate\Nfor stiffness and load-bearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.66,0:24:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like steel-reinforced concrete,\Nbut lighter and stronger.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.53,0:24:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a durable material, so the marks\Na saw leaves as it cuts up a body
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.56,0:24:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can endure for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.78,0:24:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sims took up his grisly specialty\Nafter a detective asked him to
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.72,0:24:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identify a notch in a bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.49,0:24:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] I said "It's a\Nsaw mark on an arm bone."
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.89,0:25:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I said, "It's a saw mark," I thought\NI was proud to give him some information.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.37,0:25:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he looked at me, he said,\N"But, I already know it's a saw mark."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.71,0:25:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're the bone doc, \Nwhat kinda saw is this?"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.16,0:25:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I didn't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.23,0:25:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Sims needed to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.29,0:25:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was his third dismemberment \Ncase in just one month.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.99,0:25:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He set out to fill this gruesome \Ngap in forensic knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.18,0:25:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would take him\N15 years of research.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:30.31,0:25:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To the naked eye,\Nall sawmarks look alike.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.99,0:25:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[beeping, then camera flash sound]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.71,0:25:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] It turns out that's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.02,0:25:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every tooth leaves another mark,\Nand the reciprocating action
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.10,0:25:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these teeth, or continuous\Nmotion of these teeth
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.58,0:25:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaves lots of \Nindicators of toolmarks,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.94,0:25:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of characteristics, and with enough \Ncharacteristics, many times I can get,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.98,0:26:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, the number of teeth per inch\Nin a tool used to dimember a body.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.30,0:26:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Now Sims can read a sawmark the \Nway a handwritting expert can dissect a signature.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.58,0:26:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He can even spot false starts,\Nor skips in the stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.56,0:26:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he can tell police what kind of saw\Nto search for in a dismemberment case.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.22,0:26:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to know more than "a saw,"\Nyou want to know what kind of saw,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.05,0:26:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how wide that saw is,\Nhow wide the blade is,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.65,0:26:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how wide the tooth is,\Nthe minimum kerf width,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.05,0:26:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number of teeth per inch, and how\Nthat saw was used to dismember a victim.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.84,0:26:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All saws look similar or look identical,\Nthey really aren't.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.24,0:26:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] A killer may think that washing\Nblood off a blade is enough to cover his tracks.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.49,0:26:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, not if Sims is on the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.71,0:26:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] If you listed five \Npeople in the world who were
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.53,0:26:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world leaders in this, \NSteve would be one of those five.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.66,0:26:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Like fingerprints,\Nfootprints, and tire tracks,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.76,0:27:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tool marks can crack a case, \Neven years after the crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.09,0:27:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] Bone trauma is\Na moment frozen in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.69,0:27:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the soft tissues, and so on,\Ndisappear or change
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.46,0:27:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or deterioriate with time.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.32,0:27:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bone doesn't change or deterioriate, \Nwe just clean it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.86,0:27:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's there, it's good evidence, \Nit's evidence you can take to court.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.06,0:27:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The process of normal\Nbody decomposition and bone trauma
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.67,0:27:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are well-documented\Nat the body farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.98,0:27:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, some killers try to \Ncover their tracks with fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.17,0:27:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not long ago, burned \Nbones marked a dead end.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.50,0:27:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fingerprints, faces, wounds:\Nall gone, burned away.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.26,0:27:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, the Tennessee scientists were confident \Nother evidence could be sifted from the ashes.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.12,0:28:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] Okay, I bet that fits right there.\N>>[narration] To know what to look for though,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.17,0:28:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd have to learn precisely what happens\Nwhen fire meets human flesh and bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.92,0:28:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Elaine Pope] What\NI'm about to do is,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.36,0:28:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to build several \Nlittle contained systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.64,0:28:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now I'm\Njust testing for heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.82,0:28:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Elaine Pope, a PhD student, \Ngot these body parts from an
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.84,0:28:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anatomical laboratory to which corpses had \Nbeen willed or donated for medical research.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.58,0:28:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before these limbs were provided to her,\Nthey were used by medical students
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.63,0:28:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to practice surgical procedures.\NShe starts with an arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.40,0:28:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] And I'm gonna photograph\Nit before I place it in the fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.22,0:29:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna do each element that way \Nand document what it looks like before,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.00,0:29:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the size, shape,\Nand position of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.18,0:29:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] During daylight, \Nsmoke obscures the details,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.86,0:29:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not so much from the eyes,\Nas from the camera lens.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.52,0:29:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Pope experiments\Nand photographs at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.15,0:29:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the arm heats,\Nit actually begins to move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.78,0:29:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] What I want to do\Nis see how the arm draws up
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.58,0:29:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it reacts to heat.\NWhen the arms react to heat
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.77,0:29:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go into the pugilistic posture, \Nwhich is where the muscles of the arm,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.61,0:29:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flexors, pull the arm\Ninto flexion like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.01,0:29:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I want to observe\Nthat process as it occurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.00,0:29:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] As muscles burn,\Ntheir fibers shrivel, and contract.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.41,0:29:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stronger muscles (usually the flexors)\Noverpower the weaker ones (the extensors).
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.03,0:30:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the arms flexing is so consistent\Nthat if a body is found with the arms
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.38,0:30:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extended, it could be\Na sign of foul play.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.30,0:30:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Sims] The body will assume that pugilistic \Npose at all costs, unless stopped from doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.62,0:30:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The muscles are very strong\Nand it pulls you into that pose.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.74,0:30:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if I see something that goes\Nagainst this post, I'm suspicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.04,0:30:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] If the arm was outstretched,\Nand it wasn't able to assume a
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.40,0:30:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pugilistic posture with the elbow,\Nthat would possibly indicate that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.69,0:30:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the arms had been tied, even if\Nthere's an absence of the actual material
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.88,0:30:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(they could have used string or \Nrope which would have burned away).
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.11,0:30:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] But, is that movement \Nthe same in an accidental house fire,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.68,0:30:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is in an intentional fire made\Nhotter by accelerants like gasoline?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.46,0:30:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] I'm gonna do the slow burn\Nso that we can watch the gradual
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.41,0:30:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progression of it, and then the other arm,\NI'm gonna do in a really fast, hot, intense fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.87,0:31:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] And will \Nthe arm hold its position,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.66,0:31:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after all organic \Nmatter has burned away?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.14,0:31:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] As you can see, \Nthe arm has reacted as we expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.86,0:31:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It drew into the pugilistic posture\Nwith this being the elbow here,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.36,0:31:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this being the wrist here,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.14,0:31:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these being the hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.26,0:31:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The main torso, despite the \Nseparation of its limbs will also yield clues.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.84,0:31:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does a dismembered body\Nstill seek the pugilistic posture?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.79,0:31:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] I'm mainly \Ninterested in this one
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.11,0:31:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it still has the portion of \Nthe humerus and the femur attached.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.06,0:31:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I'm wanting to see if it\Nreacts the same way as if the arm
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.80,0:31:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were still attached, to see if it's gonna be \Ndrawn up, and if the femur gets kinda drawn up.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.07,0:32:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Even stumps of limbs\Nstill try to assume a fighting stance.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.37,0:32:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] We're trying to establish \Nnormal patterns of burning.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.95,0:32:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That way we can\Nlook for unusual cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.22,0:32:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a burn pattern is disrupted, it could be \Nindicative of preexisting trauma or dismemberment.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.53,0:32:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Some researchers, including Pope, \Nhave done studies with animal limbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.94,0:32:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when a murder case hangs in the balance, \Nthere's no substitute for the real thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.89,0:32:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] The reason why\Nwe use human material
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.22,0:32:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to accurately simulate \Nhouse fires and vehicular fires.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.26,0:32:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing, it stands up,\Nit's more credible in court,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:44.05,0:32:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to say, "Yes, we've tested this\Nand we know exactly what happens."
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.92,0:32:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It helps with the medical \Nexaminer, their testimony.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.57,0:32:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] There are\Nmany variables to explore.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.38,0:32:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can decomposing\Nmuscles still flex an arm?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.58,0:33:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At what temperature \Ndoes flesh ignite?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.19,0:33:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After burning the specimens,\NPope gathers up the charred bones,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.50,0:33:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleans them, \Nand studies the patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.55,0:33:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She notes color changes \Nin transition zones
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.65,0:33:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where protected, unburned bones \Ngive way to charred material.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.38,0:33:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To fully grasp the patterns,\Nshe makes detailed drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.88,0:33:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One clear difference\Nis fracture patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.98,0:33:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another is calcination: the transformation of \Ndense bone into a light, chalky material.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:39.52,0:33:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Pope] I burned these \Ntwo different tibia
Dialogue: 0,0:33:42.49,0:33:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at different temperatures, \Nand different times and durations.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.10,0:33:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one is more calcine,\Nit's burned to a further extent.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.97,0:33:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see it has a\Nhigher frequency of fracture patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.38,0:33:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas, this one was burned to a\Nlower temperature and less amount of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.64,0:34:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it took on more of\Nthe char of the blackness.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.18,0:34:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Do fracture\Npatterns change when
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.70,0:34:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a stream of cold water from\Na fire hose hits hot bone?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.56,0:34:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What patterns might be left when \Naccelerants are used to heat up a fire
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.74,0:34:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hide evidence of murder?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.100,0:34:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is so much to be learned\Nfrom bone, even after fire,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.85,0:34:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but only time and research witll tell \Njust how much evidence can survive.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.80,0:34:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the body farm's quest to\Nidentify unkown crime victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.61,0:34:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new technologies meet\Nold-fashioned techniques head-on.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.61,0:34:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joanna Hughes is a forensic sculptor,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.09,0:34:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting clay on skulls, \Nshe reconstructs human faces.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.58,0:34:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hughes hopes her work can someday\Nhelp I.D. a murder victim and catch a killer.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.81,0:35:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technique employed by \NHughes is not only time-consuming,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.71,0:35:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's ultimate success hinges\Non a high degree of artisic talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.51,0:35:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Joanna Hughes] If you are\Noff by even a millimeter,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.42,0:35:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you run the risk of having an\Nincorrect, or an unidentified, individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.10,0:35:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for every unidentified individual,\Nthere is a criminal perpetrator, murderer,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.86,0:35:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walking the streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.97,0:35:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] To do a good facial\Nreconstruction of an individual,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.44,0:35:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to have\Na lot of artistic ability.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.77,0:35:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to be able\Nto get the face
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.46,0:35:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it has some expression on \Nthe face, so it looks like a face.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.65,0:35:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've done this before and \Nmy heads look like clay heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.71,0:35:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] This head looks human.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.03,0:35:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also looks remarkably \Nlike the actual subject:
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.55,0:36:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a man who donated his\Nbody to the forensic facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:03.32,0:36:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hughes did this \Nreconstruction for practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.37,0:36:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then checked her \Nwork against the photos.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.32,0:36:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Hughes] Ah! It's him!
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.88,0:36:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] But, what if she'd \Nguessed wrong about
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.44,0:36:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of the nose,\Nor the fleshiness of the jowls?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.58,0:36:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a real murder case, the stakes\Nare high and time is precious.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.95,0:36:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clay reconstruction yields a\Nsingle guess about a victim's looks.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.62,0:36:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One mistake could\Nstall an investigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:36.38,0:36:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Murray Marks hopes to\Novercome those short-comings
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.59,0:36:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by bringing facial reconstruction\Ninto the computer age.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.57,0:36:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For help, Mark has joined forces \Nwith Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:51.22,0:36:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government research lab has\Nsupercomputers and imaging experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.08,0:37:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marks has cranial dimensions\Nfrom some 1,000 modern skulls,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.72,0:37:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest database\Nof its kind in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:06.77,0:37:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, to build a face from a skull,\Nhe needs to know more about
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.29,0:37:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the intimate marriage \Nof skin and bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.31,0:37:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That requires state-of-the-art\NMRI and CAT scan expertise.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:19.86,0:37:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the world's leaders\Nin this field work in the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.76,0:37:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research imaging center at the \NUniversity of Texas Health Science Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.89,0:37:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The center's director, \NDr. Peter Fox,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.74,0:37:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is intrigued by the facial \Nreconstruction project.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.90,0:37:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To provide baseline images\Nfrom a known individual,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.36,0:37:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's offered his scanners\Nand his own flesh and bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:49.45,0:37:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fox's MRI maps the \Nsurface of his face.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.91,0:37:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His CAT scan yields a 3D image\Nof the skull beneath the skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:58.61,0:38:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the challenge is to recreate by computer, \Na face that looks like the living Dr. Fox.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.01,0:38:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they can figure out how\Nto do it with a known face,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:11.47,0:38:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're optimistic they can\Ndo it with an unknown one.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.91,0:38:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A wireframe model helps\Ntranslate the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.03,0:38:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between Fox's face and his skull \Ninto mathematical formulas.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.68,0:38:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those formulas can then be \Nused to create a facial mask.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.100,0:38:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case,\Na mask of Fox's face.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.17,0:38:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once the software \Ndevelopment is complete,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.93,0:38:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police or witnesses could\Neasily modify such masks.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.04,0:38:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Marks] What if they were heavier?\NWhat if they were lighter?
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.34,0:38:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Change that hairline, \Nchange the eye color.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:48.85,0:38:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, you know, add a beard, \Nadd a mustache, things like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.84,0:39:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The Tennessee scientists\Nare taking promising steps toward
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.59,0:39:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the final frontiers\Nin forensic anthropology:
Dialogue: 0,0:39:04.51,0:39:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to restore a face and with it, \Nthe identity and humanity of a victim.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:11.81,0:39:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conclusion of \NSecrets of the Body Farm, next.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.92,0:39:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the conclusion of\NSecrets of the Body Farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.58,0:39:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the early years, the research conducted\Nat the Anthropology Research Facility
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.98,0:39:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not widely known, but then,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.28,0:39:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its unofficial nickname \Ncoined by police and FBI agents,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.98,0:39:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the title of a best-selling\Ncrime novel by Patricia Cornwell.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:38.07,0:39:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body farm hit the mainstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.06,0:39:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More books, movies, \Nand hit TV shows followed,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.58,0:39:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raising the facility's profile and \Ncommunicating the importance of its work.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.54,0:39:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin Miller] The drill is that we are \Ngoing to pull him out of the truck.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.46,0:40:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Michelle Miller] I'm afraid \Nthe upper body's gonna drop.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.29,0:40:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have the strength?\N>>[Robin] Yep.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.73,0:40:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Here, death marks not an end,\Nbut a beginning. The start of an amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.24,0:40:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,odyssey, carefully observed and\Nrecorded in minute detail by researchers.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:17.38,0:40:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] Alright, here's good.\N>>[narration] Robin Miller is
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.00,0:40:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studying a specific component\Nin human decomposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:23.22,0:40:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] Okay.\N>>[narration] A possible linkage
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.39,0:40:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between clothing \Nand the rate of decay.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.12,0:40:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] Lift his legs up.\NAnd put one leg at a time
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.14,0:40:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in through here, and then hold his legs up \Nwhile someone else pulls it over his... [trails off]
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.58,0:40:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of all cases that we\Nwork on in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.40,0:40:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are people that we have\Nfound with clothing on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.49,0:40:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My research hopes to\Nanswer the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:50.39,0:40:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we use that data in order\Nto determine a time since death?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:56.65,0:41:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] This corpse, donated \Nby family per the dead man's wishes,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.54,0:41:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will prove invaluable \Nin Miller's research.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.53,0:41:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To protect his identity, he is \Nnow known simply as Corpse 3101.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:08.79,0:41:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, anonymity can't diminish his generous \Nnature, or his willingness to help others,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.83,0:41:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after his death. His contribution\Nreaches far beyond pure science.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.77,0:41:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may influence real-world murder \Ncases and help bring killers to justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.82,0:41:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drawing on prior research, Miller has\Ndivided decomposition into four stages:
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.77,0:41:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stage one spans the \Nfirst day or so after death.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.79,0:41:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] Stage one is where--\Nis what we call the "fresh stage."
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.26,0:41:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where there is no maggot activity,\Nwe just have the basic
Dialogue: 0,0:41:42.23,0:41:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rigor, algor, and liver mortis.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:45.58,0:41:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Stage one is marked by\Nstiffening, discoloration, then relaxation.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:51.29,0:41:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] As we get out of \Nstage one, into stage two,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:54.11,0:41:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when the blow flies come in \Nand start to lay their eggs.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:57.49,0:42:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their eggs will, of course, \Nhatch into maggots.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.50,0:42:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The maggots will take over and\Nstart consuming the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.35,0:42:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Stage two includes\Na flurry of insect activity:
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.72,0:42:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yellowjackets, blow flies, and maggots.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.11,0:42:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] The eggs that were laid\Na couple days ago in the nose, have hatched.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.08,0:42:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we have a maggot mass that's\Ngoing to work around his nostrils.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:23.36,0:42:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in his right ear, \Nand near his right eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:28.04,0:42:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've eaten away on\Nthe inside of the mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.39,0:42:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can see some eggs that\Nhave been laid on the tongue
Dialogue: 0,0:42:35.62,0:42:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the left cheek area.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.85,0:42:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The proteins \Nand fats in human cells
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.54,0:42:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a near perfect \Nfood for maggots.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:47.03,0:42:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The swarm of insects is a \Ngruesome reminder of mortality,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.19,0:42:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is the smell \Nof decomposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.71,0:43:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inside the body, the bacteria are \Nstarting to work on the internal organs.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:03.42,0:43:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] As that happens, \Ngases are also released inside the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.54,0:43:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a process called "autolysis," \Nwhere the cells inside burst,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:11.93,0:43:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the pH level is disrupted.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.59,0:43:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Some of the \Ngases escape the corpse
Dialogue: 0,0:43:20.05,0:43:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through natural body openings, \Ncreating putrid smells.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.50,0:43:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gases that are trapped within \Ndistend the veins in the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:29.54,0:43:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a process called "marbling."
Dialogue: 0,0:43:32.15,0:43:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the gases build up enough \Nto burst a corpse's abdomen.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:38.30,0:43:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stage three is the longest \Nphase of decomposition,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:41.79,0:43:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is greatly influenced \Nby the changing seasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:44.96,0:43:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Robin] We definitely have a decrease \Nin maggot activity and fly activity
Dialogue: 0,0:43:49.53,0:43:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the larvae and the eggs can't live\Nbelow a certain temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.79,0:43:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the cold weather is having \Nan effect on the decomposition here.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:57.58,0:43:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] But the \Ncycle does continue.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:59.76,0:44:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifty-two days after \Nthe start of the experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:02.40,0:44:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3101 enters stage four of decomposition.\NHe is essentially mummified.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:08.68,0:44:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any remaining skin has \Nthe texture of leather,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:11.86,0:44:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nearly all of the \Nsoft tissue is gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.58,0:44:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already it appears that clothing \Nmay have slowed the rate of decay,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.50,0:44:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but confirming that assumption \Nwill require a scientific review
Dialogue: 0,0:44:22.88,0:44:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the data in the weeks ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.32,0:44:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A gentle hillside in Tennessee, \Nunique in all the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.49,0:44:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a singular place set aside for gleaning \Nknowledge and truth from flesh and bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.21,0:44:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Haskell] The anthropological\Nresearch facility here in Knoxville
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.92,0:44:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is absolutely critical in research, \Nwhen it comes to assessing human death.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:49.71,0:44:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bass] There's a lot of really \Ncutting-edge research going on
Dialogue: 0,0:44:52.69,0:44:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the body farm right now,\Nit's the only research essentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.36,0:44:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this type in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:59.66,0:45:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] Lee Jantz believes \Nthe work is so important,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.98,0:45:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's made an extraordinary commitment, \Nin spite of her discomfort
Dialogue: 0,0:45:06.77,0:45:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what she knows will follow.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.85,0:45:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Lee Jantz] I am a donor. When I die, \NI expect my family to honor my wishes
Dialogue: 0,0:45:13.71,0:45:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and donate me to the \Nanthropological research facility
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.85,0:45:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the department of anthropology.\NIt is not a pleasant thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:21.68,0:45:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't like to think of what my body \Nwill go through, but it's gonna happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:26.29,0:45:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narration] The dead remain the focus \Nof scientific scrutiny at the body farm,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.14,0:45:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the reason for the research, \Nthe motivation and the inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.41,0:45:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will always remain the living.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.03,0:45:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[up-tempo closing music]