Hi everyone, welcome back

So today we're going to try
something a little bit different.

We're gonna start a new video series

about all the different ways to
expose or access our homelab

from the internet.

The reason is mainly because
there's tons of options out there,

and I feel like it's not talked enough
about on YouTube.

Especially the security part
which is most important.

Almost everyone just assumes it's secure,
which isn't always the case,

so make sure to hit the Like button
Subscribe and Share

and let's get started.

Okay so how to do it,

to expose our homelab
there are five main ways

1. Secure Tunnels like Cloudflare

2. Reverse proxies like Nginx

3. Traditional VPNs like Wireguard
or OpenVPN protocols

4. Mesh VPNs like ZeroTier and Tailscale

and lastly 5. the old classic 
port forwarding or NAT

So let's break down each one of them
quickly to understand the differences.

First secure tunnels like Cloudflare.

This is often defined as secure tunnels to
access your app without exposing your IP

making remote access easy.

It's also fairly easy to setup,

however, by default it's
not secured enough

and solely [relies] on your app security

but this can be improved.

We'll cover this later in another video.

Next, reverse proxies
like nginx.

It's a server that sits in the middle
and forward requests to your homelab

helping you manage multiple
services under one domain.

While adding another layer of protection,

you will have more control over 
your services and how to

contr-
manage them.

However, it exposes your IP and you must
open a port on your router to access it.

Next, traditional VPNs like Wireguard
or OpenVPN.

It creates an encrypted tunnel between
your device and your homelab

making it feel like you are on
the same local network.

It's good for privacy and security

but only useful when you are
the only user because

it's impossible to share access
without sharing your private key

to other users.

Next, mesh VPNs
like ZeroTier or Tailscale.

This is similar to normal VPNs except it
connects devices between each other

instead of connecting them
to a central server.

It has more control over normal VPNs in 
the way that you can choose which

devices to share
but you must manually join the network

each time for each devices
you want to give access to.

Finally NAT this is a classic way of
opening specific ports on your router

to expose your homelab.

It's simple but it also carries high
security risk if you rely on it alone.

Keep in mind NAT often gets used with
other methods like previously showed,

but going purely [on it's own] port
forwarding is a no-go for secure setups.

Now, you may be wondering,

what's the most secure setup
to expose your home lab?

Actually, [it] depends on your apps
and what you want to do?

In my opinion, it's not about
which method you use

but more about how you combine
between them.

The best setup is to mix them
and make them work all together

to have the perfect setup.

Okay so first let's go to cloudflare.com

Go to "Sign Up"

and free at the website.

And let's create a new account now.

After that if you already have [a]
domain [previously purchased]

enter it here or for me I'm just
going to create a new domain.

For some reason I got an error
when trying to pay

So I'm just going to import an existing
domain. Just going to type it here.

Okay, so then go down

and choose the free package.

Next click on continue to activation.

Confirm. Next we need to 
do some modifications

We need to modify,
the current name servers

with Cloudflare nameservers

to allow Cloudflare to control the domain.

To do that,

we go to the domain provider
in my case it's NameCheap.

So in my case I'm gonna do
custom DNS and then I copy....

the nameservers

and then I save.

It tells you that it can take 
up to 48 hours

But it's not true it [can take] just a
few seconds or a few minutes max

But, just in case

If it take a long time to update

Uh, this is normal so
just wait

There is no other choice

Okay, so after a while,

We get this page this means
everything is good

Now we go to access page

and then Launch Zero Trust.

We choose our account

Next you go to access

Next we choose teamname

Just anything

Then we choose the free package of course

There is zero payment

Next we go to Networks

Tunnels

And we add a tunnel

We choose this one Cloudflared

We name our Tunnel
Homelab uh test

Next it will ask you to choose
your environment

In this case you just uh
You just choose docker

and then we just copy the comment

because we just need the token.
We don't need to run anything docker

Then we go back to TrueNAS

and we install

the Cloudflared app.

This one

And here we['ve] got [to just]
paste what we had

and we just keep.

Remove everything, we just keep the token.

So anything before this goes.

That's it.

We don't need to setup anything else.

Even storage, it's not necessary.

And we install.

Okay now it's up and running.

Let's go back to Cloudflared profile.

Now we need to wait until we get uh
something here in connectors.

It will automatically search.

Alright here we go

It's connected.
So now we can continue.

Next

Now we're ready to add our first service.

Let's start by adding TrueNAS itself.

So let's just copy the IP

Then we choose the subdomain

TrueNAS

and choose the domain

then we choose HTTP

and then the IP

There is nothing specific to add there.

That's save.

To test this I'm going to disconnect
from the VPN

Because i'm not at home I'm
connected to my home VPN.

So I'm just going to deactivate it
and try this.

To show that likely if I try to go
to the same IP

It's not going to work,
because I disconnected from the VPN.

And if I try

a domain,

new domain.

It works.

So now

TrueNAS is accessible

from the outside.

But this is not recommended of course.

If you want to expose something
just expose the apps individually

don't expose the whole thing.

so

So now I'm just going to delete it

and then I'm gonna add something else.

Okay now I want to add another service.

Maybe, Proxmox

Let's go to add the public hostname

Proxmox

same thing

here's we're going to choose HTTPS
instead of HTTP

and then the IP

as well as the port which is 8...

8006

and then we go to 
Additional Settings > TLS

and we enable No TLS verify.

It will not check certificates.

Okay, now let's save.

Let's try again now.

NIce! Now it works.

And we'll disconnect the VPN

and refresh

and it still works.

Okay now before we're finishing the video

let's do one last service
which is Paperless.

Since we already covered this
in a previous video,

we're going to see how to expose this

Why did I choose Paperless because
it's a bit tricky to setup

it's not as simple as

adding the hostname.

So, let's see first we just add the
hostname of course

same thing as always,

HTTPS, and then we take the URL

which is IP and Port

It chooses HTTP not HTTPS

Service name

So first it's gonna work normally

If I try to access.

Alright

Uh, but the problem is when you 
try to login

You get this error.
CSRF verification failed.

Why?

We need to change some settings
to make it accessible.

According to the documentation,

we need to set this environment
variable (PAPERLESS_URL)

uh and uh, set it to the domain name

we used in Cloudflare.

So let's do that

go to Paperless > Edit

and let's just add it as an
environment variable here

PAPERLESS_URL

set it to paperless.yourdomain

make sure to add HTTPS to the beginning

and that's it.
Update.

In case you got stuck in deploying

which was the case for me

I'm not sure why but the
container Paperless

just stuck like this for a long time

So what I did is stop this instance

and create another instance

using the already created datasets.

So you're not going to lose anything
of your files.

So let's start another instance

Let's call it paperless-cloudflare.

We can change password if you want.

By the way you can choose any secret
key you want. Just want some random stuff

You don't need to remember it.

Okay, add an email

just a fake email.

Password.

Now we add again environment variable

PAPERLESS_URL

HTTPS

paperless…

dot

your domain

and then we add the other host path

Paperless this is the data.

let's copy this

And now Media

and then Consume

and Trash

this is PostScript

Make sure to check 
"Automatic Permissions".

Then we hit install.

Let's wait [a] little bit. 
It works but it takes some time.

Okay now it's running.

Let's start it.

First let's get the IP

I mean let's get the port-- 
IP is the same.

Go back to cloudflare

Hit it

Going to put the new port

Save

Let's try now

Okay, now new password

And now it works. We don't got
the error, the previous error.

And as you can see we still have the [same] documents as

before we didn't lost anything.

We still got all our documents.

Open them

And uh, everything works fine

That's it

Basically this is how to

expose your services on the cloud

To recap:

When you want to expose your app, 
this is how it works.

We don't access the app directly 
but rather you access the cloud server

cloudflare server. Cloudflare will
make exchanges

with your LAN network through Cloudflare

and then

It will give access to your app.

This way you don't access your app
directly which means you don't expose your

IP and you don't go through the NAT

you don't need to open a port

but be careful if your app is insecure
and you get hacked.

You directly expose all of your homelab

It doesn't matter if you use
Cloudflare or not

Like and Share if you made it this far.
See you in the next video