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Hi everyone, welcome back

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So today we're going to try[br]something a little bit different.

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We're gonna start a new video series

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about all the different ways to[br]expose or access our homelab

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from the internet.

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The reason is mainly because[br]there's tons of options out there,

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and I feel like it's not talked enough[br]about on YouTube.

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Especially the security part

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which is most important.

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Almost everyone just assumes it's secure,[br]which isn't always the case,

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so make sure to hit the Like button

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Subscribe and Share

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and let's get started.

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Okay so how to do it,

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to expose our homelab[br]there are five main ways

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1. Secure Tunnels like Cloudflare

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2. Reverse proxies like Nginx

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3. Traditional VPNs like Wireguard[br]or OpenVPN protocols

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4. Mesh VPNs like ZeroTier and Tailscale

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and lastly 5. the old classic [br]port forwarding or NAT

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So let's break down each one of them[br]quickly to understand the differences.

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First secure tunnels like Cloudflare.

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This is often defined as secure tunnels to [br]access your app without exposing your IP

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making remote access easy.

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It's also fairly easy to setup,

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however, by default it's not secured enough

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and solely [relies] on your app security

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but this can be improved.

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We'll cover this later in another video.

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Next, reverse proxies

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like nginx.

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It's a server that sits in the middle and forward requests to your homelab

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helping you manage multiple services under one domain.

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While adding another layer of protection,

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you will have more control over your services[br]and how to

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contr-[br]manage them.

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However, it exposes your IP and you must open a port on your router to access it.

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Next, traditional VPNs like Wireguard or OpenVPN.

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It creates an encrypted tunnel between your device and

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your homelab

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making it feel like you are on the same local network.

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It's good for privacy and security

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but only useful when you are the only user because

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it's impossible to share access without sharing your private key

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to other users.

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Next, mesh VPNs

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like ZeroTier or Tailscale

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this is similar to normal VPNs except it connects devices between each other

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instead of connecting them to a central server.

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It has more control over normal VPNs in the way that you can choose which devices to share

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but you must manually join the network

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each time for each devices you want to give access to.

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Finally NAT this is a classic way of opening specific ports on your router

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to expose your homelab.

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It's simple but it also carries high[br]security risk if you rely on it alone.

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Keep in mind NAT often gets used with other[br]methods like previously showed,

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but going purely [on it's own] port forwarding is a no-go for secure setups.

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Now, you may be wondering,

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what's the most secure setup

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to expose your home lab?

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Actually, [it] depends on your apps and what you want to do?

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In my opinion, it's not about which method you use

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but more about how you combine between them.

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The best setup is to mix them[br]and make them work all together

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to have the perfect setup.

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Okay so first let's go to cloudflare.com

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Go to "Sign Up"

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and free at the website.

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And let's create a new account now.

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After that if you already have [a][br]domain [previously purchased]

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enter it here

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or for me I'm just going to create a new domain.

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For some reason I got an error

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when trying to pay

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So I'm just going to import an existing domain

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Just going to type it here.

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Okay, so then go down

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and choose the free package.

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Next click on continue to activation.

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Confirm. Next we need to [br]do some modifications

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We need to modify, the current name servers

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with Cloudflare nameservers

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to allow Cloudflare to control the domain.

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To do that,

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we go to the domain provider

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in my case it's NameCheap.

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So in my case[br]I'm gonna do custom DNS

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and then I copy....

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the nameservers

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and then I save.

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It tells you that it can take [br]up to 48 hours

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But it's not true it [can take] just a few seconds

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or a few minutes max

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But, just in case

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If it take a long time to update

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Uh, this is normal so

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just wait

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There is no other choice

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Okay, so after a while,

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We get this page this means everything is good

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Now we go to access page

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and then NetZero Trust.

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We choose our account

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Next you go to access

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Next we choose teamname

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Just anything

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Then we choose the free package of course

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There is zero payment

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Next we go to Networks

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Tunnels

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And we add a tunnel

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We choose this one Cloudflared

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We name our Tunnel

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Homelab uh test

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Next it will ask you to choose your environment

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In this case you just uh

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You just choose docker

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and then we just copy the comment

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because we just need the token.

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We don't need to run anything docker

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Then we go back to TrueNAS

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and we install

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the Cloudflared app.

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This one

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And here we['ve] got [to just][br]paste what we had

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and we just keep.

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Remove everything, we just keep the token.

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So anything before this goes.

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That's it.

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We don't need to setup anything else.

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Even storage, it's not necessary.

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And we install.

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Okay now it's up and running.

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Let's go back to Cloudflared profile.

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Now we need to wait until we get uh

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something here in connectors.

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It will automatically search.

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Alright here we go

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It's connected.

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So now we can continue.

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Next

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Now we're ready to add our first service.

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Let's start by adding TrueNAS itself.

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So let's just copy the IP

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Then we choose the subdomain

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TrueNAS

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and choose the domain

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then we choose HTTP

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and then the IP

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There is nothing specific to add there.

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That's save.

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To test this I'm going to disconnect[br]from the VPN

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Because i'm not at home I'm[br]connected to my home VPN.

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So i'm just going to deactivate it

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and try this.

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To show that likely if I try to go to the same IP

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It's not going to work,

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because I disconnected from the VPN.

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And if I try

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a domain,

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new domain.

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It works.

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So now

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TrueNAS is accessible

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from the outside.

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But this is not recommended of course.

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If you want to expose something

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just expose the apps individually

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don't expose the whole thing.

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so

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So now I'm just going to delete it

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and then I'm gonna add something else.

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Okay now I want to add another service.

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Maybe, Proxmox

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Let's go to add the public hostname

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Proxmox

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same thing

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here's we're going to choose HTTPS instead of HTTP

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and then the IP

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as well as the port which is 8...

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8006

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and then we go to Additional Settings > TLS

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and we enable No TLS verify.

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It will not check certificates.

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Now let's save.

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Let's try again now.

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NIce! Now it works.

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And we'll disconnect the VPN

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and refresh

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and it still works.

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Okay now before we're finishing the video

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let's do

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one last service which is

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Paperless.

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Since we already covered this in a previous video,

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we're going to see how to expose this

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Why did I choose Paperless because

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it's a bit tricky to setup

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it's not as simple as

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adding the hostname.

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So, let's see first we just add the hostname of course

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same thing as always,

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HTTPS, and then we take the URL

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which is IP and Port

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It chooses HTTP not HTTPS

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Service name

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So first it's gonna work normally

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ff I try to access.

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Alright

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Uh, but the problem is when you

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try to login

0:10:49.212,0:10:50.421
You get this

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error. CSRF verification failed.

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Why?

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We need to change some settings

0:10:55.829,0:10:57.958
to make it accessible.

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According to the documentation

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we need to set this environment variable (PAPERLESS_URL)

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uh and uh, set it to the domain name

0:11:10.907,0:11:12.410
we used in Cloudflare.

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So let's do that

0:11:15.322,0:11:18.329
go to Paperless > Edit

0:11:20.053,0:11:24.999
and let's just add it as an environment variable here

0:11:25.912,0:11:28.350
PAPERLESS_URL

0:11:28.682,0:11:32.021
set it to paperless.yourdomain

0:11:36.024,0:11:40.028
make sure to add HTTPS to the beginning

0:11:42.450,0:11:43.534
and that's it.

0:11:43.534,0:11:44.520
Update.

0:11:48.088,0:11:51.235
In case you got stuck in deploying

0:11:51.485,0:11:53.301
which was the case for me

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I'm not sure why but the container Paperless

0:11:56.824,0:11:59.640
just stuck like this for a long time

0:12:00.035,0:12:03.664
So what I did is stop this instance

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and create another instance

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using the already created datasets.

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So you're not going to lose anything

0:12:13.583,0:12:15.324
of your files.

0:12:16.831,0:12:18.917
So let's start another instance

0:12:20.502,0:12:23.046
Let's call it paperless-cloudflare.

0:12:26.132,0:12:29.177
We can change password if you want.

0:12:32.283,0:12:34.725
By the way you can choose any secret key

0:12:34.747,0:12:36.345
you want. Just want some random stuff

0:12:36.345,0:12:38.002
You don't need to remember it.

0:12:42.545,0:12:44.903
Okay, add an email

0:12:45.422,0:12:47.278
just a fake email.

0:12:50.804,0:12:51.806
Password.

0:13:02.233,0:13:05.715
Now we add again environment variable

0:13:06.340,0:13:08.196
PAPERLESS_URL

0:13:09.049,0:13:10.343
HTTPS

0:13:10.844,0:13:11.637
paperless…

0:13:12.410,0:13:13.075
dot

0:13:14.681,0:13:16.079
your domain

0:13:20.937,0:13:24.024
and then we add the other host path

0:13:27.737,0:13:30.052
Paperless this is the data.

0:13:30.740,0:13:31.678
let's copy this

0:13:33.452,0:13:35.307
And now Media

0:13:39.687,0:13:41.584
and then Consume

0:13:50.411,0:13:51.516
and Trash

0:13:57.752,0:13:59.400
this is PostScript

0:14:06.113,0:14:09.076
Make sure to check "Automatic Permissions".

0:14:12.954,0:14:14.309
Then we hit install.

0:14:18.405,0:14:19.916
Let's wait [a] little bit.

0:14:19.916,0:14:22.606
It works but it takes some time.

0:14:24.816,0:14:26.359
Okay now it's running.

0:14:27.339,0:14:28.362
Let's start it.

0:14:31.179,0:14:32.970
First let's get the IP

0:14:33.409,0:14:36.037
I mean let's get the port-- IP is the same.

0:14:36.952,0:14:38.204
Go back to cloudflare

0:14:38.977,0:14:39.810
Hit it

0:14:41.499,0:14:44.189
Going to put the new port

0:14:45.338,0:14:46.317
Save

0:14:49.821,0:14:51.177
Let's try now

0:14:55.431,0:14:57.703
Okay, now new password

0:15:03.418,0:15:05.463
And now it works. We don't got the error

0:15:05.463,0:15:06.757
the previous error.

0:15:07.837,0:15:10.428
And as you can see we still have the [same] documents

0:15:10.428,0:15:14.435
as before we didn't lost anything.

0:15:15.291,0:15:17.458
We still got all our documents.

0:15:22.402,0:15:23.485
Open them

0:15:26.510,0:15:28.448
And uh, everything works fine

0:15:32.620,0:15:33.161
That's it

0:15:33.580,0:15:35.331
Basically this is how to

0:15:35.600,0:15:39.064
expose your services on the cloud

0:15:42.796,0:15:43.570
To recap:

0:15:43.825,0:15:46.099
When you want to expose your app,

0:15:46.099,0:15:47.316
this is how it works.

0:15:47.316,0:15:49.219
We don't access the app directly

0:15:49.411,0:15:53.217
but rather you access the cloud server

0:15:53.564,0:15:56.666
cloudflare server. Cloudflare will make exchanges

0:15:56.862,0:15:58.247
with your

0:15:58.247,0:16:00.140
LAN network through Cloudflare

0:16:00.424,0:16:01.231
and then

0:16:01.541,0:16:04.168
It will give access to your app.

0:16:04.529,0:16:06.031
This way you don't

0:16:06.175,0:16:07.615
access your app directly

0:16:07.615,0:16:09.041
which means you don't expose your

0:16:09.041,0:16:11.230
IP and you don't go through the NAT

0:16:11.472,0:16:13.035
you don't need to open a port

0:16:13.035,0:16:15.935
but be careful if your habit is insecure

0:16:15.935,0:16:18.769
and you get hacked. You directly expose

0:16:18.769,0:16:19.956
all of your homelab

0:16:19.956,0:16:22.032
It doesn't matter if you use Cloudflare

0:16:22.032,0:16:22.692
or not

0:16:22.854,0:16:24.748
Like and Share if you made it this far

0:16:25.059,0:16:26.393
See you in the next video