WEBVTT 00:04:25.331 --> 00:04:27.050 (Students' overlapping voices) NOTE Paragraph 00:04:27.074 --> 00:04:30.257 (Clapping and singing) NOTE Paragraph 00:04:30.281 --> 00:04:33.121 (Cheering) NOTE Paragraph 00:00:00.482 --> 00:00:02.065 These are worms. 00:00:02.089 --> 00:00:04.675 Not the kind of worms you find crawling in the dirt. 00:00:04.699 --> 00:00:06.853 These are parasitic roundworms. 00:00:06.877 --> 00:00:09.312 They live inside a human being's intestines. 00:00:09.336 --> 00:00:12.092 Each of these worms can grow up to 12 inches long, 00:00:12.116 --> 00:00:14.497 and there are 200 of them in this jar for a reason, 00:00:14.521 --> 00:00:16.903 because that is the number you might typically find 00:00:16.927 --> 00:00:19.371 in the belly of a single infected child. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:19.395 --> 00:00:22.055 Worm infections have been around for thousands of years. 00:00:22.079 --> 00:00:24.079 They have influenced the outcomes of wars, 00:00:24.103 --> 00:00:26.016 and they have long stymied human health. 00:00:26.040 --> 00:00:27.627 Roundworm, hookworm, 00:00:27.651 --> 00:00:29.674 whipworm, schistosomiasis: 00:00:29.698 --> 00:00:32.810 infections from these species cause pain and discomfort. 00:00:32.834 --> 00:00:34.927 They steal nutrients and zap energy. 00:00:34.951 --> 00:00:37.425 They stunt both physical and cognitive growth. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:37.449 --> 00:00:40.171 In most cases, these worms may not be fatal, 00:00:40.195 --> 00:00:42.374 but paradoxically, that's part of the problem. 00:00:42.398 --> 00:00:43.938 It means that many countries 00:00:43.962 --> 00:00:46.694 simply have not been able to prioritize their treatment. 00:00:46.718 --> 00:00:48.335 There's a social cost to that: 00:00:48.359 --> 00:00:50.551 children without access to deworming treatments 00:00:50.575 --> 00:00:52.618 have lower rates of school attendance. 00:00:52.642 --> 00:00:54.754 Adults who grow up without deworming medicine 00:00:54.778 --> 00:00:57.578 are less productive and have lower lifelong earnings. 00:00:57.602 --> 00:00:59.714 What intestinal worms do, really, 00:00:59.738 --> 00:01:01.165 is limit potential. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:01.189 --> 00:01:05.408 Currently, there are 1.7 billion people in the world still at risk for worms. 00:01:05.432 --> 00:01:07.878 Six hundred million of them are in Africa. 00:01:07.902 --> 00:01:11.028 For every dollar invested in worm control and prevention, 00:01:11.052 --> 00:01:15.203 African countries see up to 42 dollars return in economic benefits. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:15.227 --> 00:01:18.271 The good news is that deworming treatment is extremely easy. 00:01:18.295 --> 00:01:20.540 One to three pills given once or twice a year 00:01:20.564 --> 00:01:23.604 is enough to take a child from 200 worms to zero 00:01:23.628 --> 00:01:26.051 and to protect them from infection going forward. 00:01:26.075 --> 00:01:28.695 In communities where there's a high prevalence of worms, 00:01:28.719 --> 00:01:30.542 treatment can be done right at school. 00:01:30.855 --> 00:01:33.188 This process is extremely simple and fast. 00:01:33.212 --> 00:01:36.338 In Ethiopia, for example, this is done for 20 million children 00:01:36.362 --> 00:01:38.148 in a matter of weeks. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:38.172 --> 00:01:39.800 The world has come a long way 00:01:39.824 --> 00:01:42.649 on getting deworming medicines to the people who need them, 00:01:42.673 --> 00:01:45.213 and African governments want to gain more traction. 00:01:45.237 --> 00:01:47.346 It's now time to match their ambition. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:47.729 --> 00:01:49.674 The END Fund will work with governments 00:01:49.698 --> 00:01:54.417 to create a plan that drastically reduces the burden of disease caused by worms. 00:01:54.441 --> 00:01:57.579 They’ll work together to ensure prevention and treatment programs 00:01:57.603 --> 00:01:58.897 can serve everyone. 00:01:58.921 --> 00:02:01.100 The END Fund has an audacious idea: 00:02:01.124 --> 00:02:05.504 they believe we are the generation to end sickness from worm infections forever. 00:02:05.528 --> 00:02:08.723 The key is not simply to build new programs from scratch, 00:02:08.747 --> 00:02:12.389 but to amplify the efforts of the programs that are already taking shape. 00:02:12.413 --> 00:02:15.525 By examining the problem of how worms transmit disease, 00:02:15.549 --> 00:02:19.469 the END Fund has identified five key areas where they can drive improvement. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:20.017 --> 00:02:22.460 Number one: lower the cost of treatment. 00:02:22.484 --> 00:02:25.533 Many pharmaceutical companies offer deworming medicines for free, 00:02:25.557 --> 00:02:27.700 so the END Fund works with the right partners 00:02:27.724 --> 00:02:29.291 to coordinate their delivery. 00:02:29.315 --> 00:02:31.735 They will continue to secure drug donations 00:02:31.759 --> 00:02:34.396 for additional at-risk populations. 00:02:34.982 --> 00:02:38.760 They can now do it for less than 25 cents per child per year. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:39.120 --> 00:02:41.550 Number two: focus on prevention. 00:02:41.574 --> 00:02:44.576 The END Fund calls in the right partners to educate communities 00:02:44.600 --> 00:02:46.169 on sanitation and hygiene 00:02:46.193 --> 00:02:49.035 in order to change behaviors around things like hand-washing 00:02:49.059 --> 00:02:50.210 and latrine use, 00:02:50.234 --> 00:02:52.927 ensuring people are not continually reinfected. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:52.951 --> 00:02:55.660 Number three: invest in innovation. 00:02:55.684 --> 00:02:57.759 The END Fund has contributed to deworming 00:02:57.783 --> 00:03:02.023 by introducing innovative techniques that effectively target and treat people. 00:03:02.047 --> 00:03:03.815 They will test new delivery methods, 00:03:03.839 --> 00:03:06.031 target the environments where parasites thrive 00:03:06.055 --> 00:03:07.766 and influence behavior change. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:07.790 --> 00:03:10.503 Number four: monitor and evaluate. 00:03:10.527 --> 00:03:14.322 The END Fund collects detailed data on all programs on a regular basis 00:03:14.346 --> 00:03:17.058 to help them get better and better over time. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:17.082 --> 00:03:19.924 Number five: increase local ownership. 00:03:19.948 --> 00:03:21.567 At all stages of the process, 00:03:21.591 --> 00:03:24.758 the END Fund works with government and local stakeholders 00:03:24.782 --> 00:03:28.560 to encourage cofinancing commitments that support deworming efforts. 00:03:28.584 --> 00:03:30.760 They also worked with African philanthropists 00:03:30.784 --> 00:03:33.631 and corporate leaders to partner on these efforts. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:33.655 --> 00:03:37.377 There's an incredible opportunity to work together to create a new system 00:03:37.401 --> 00:03:40.623 for disease elimination for the next decade and beyond. 00:03:40.647 --> 00:03:42.402 Part of the money the END Fund needs 00:03:42.426 --> 00:03:45.027 will go directly toward delivering deworming treatments 00:03:45.051 --> 00:03:46.449 to communities that need it 00:03:46.473 --> 00:03:49.894 and part will go towards facilitating the handover of programs 00:03:49.918 --> 00:03:51.219 to local ownership. 00:03:51.243 --> 00:03:54.704 Together, these efforts will create prevention and treatment programs 00:03:54.728 --> 00:03:57.314 that are sustainable far into the future. 00:03:57.338 --> 00:04:00.830 If this plan gets fully funded for the next six years, 00:04:00.854 --> 00:04:04.511 tens of millions of people will receive deworming treatment. 00:04:04.883 --> 00:04:08.605 With that, countries will be interrupting the cycle of disease transmission 00:04:08.629 --> 00:04:09.800 at all levels, 00:04:09.824 --> 00:04:13.677 and most importantly, people will experience significant improvements 00:04:13.701 --> 00:04:16.652 in their mental, physical and social health. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:16.676 --> 00:04:19.194 Just imagine the potential that will be gained 00:04:19.218 --> 00:04:21.637 when people can stop worrying about these 00:04:21.661 --> 00:04:24.510 and can put their energy into things like these.