9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Thank you very much.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Well, I would like[br]to start with testicles.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
(Laughter)

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Men who sleep five hours a night

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
have significantly smaller testicles[br]than those who sleep seven hours or more.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
(Laughter)

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In addition, men who routinely sleep[br]just four to five hours a night

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
will have a level of testosterone

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
which is that of someone[br]10 years their senior.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So a lack of sleep[br]will age a man by a decade

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in terms of that[br]critical aspect of wellness.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And we see equivalent impairments[br]in female reproductive health

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
caused by a lack of sleep.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This is the best news[br]that I have for you today.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
(Laughter)

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
From this point, it may only get worse.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Not only will I tell you[br]about the wonderfully good things

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that happen when you get sleep

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
but the alarmingly bad things[br]that happen when you don't get enough,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
both for your brain and for your body.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Let me start with the brain

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and the functions of learning and memory,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
because what we've discovered[br]over the past 10 or so years

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is that you need sleep after learning

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to essentially hit the save button[br]on those new memories

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
so that you don't forget.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But recently we discovered

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that you also need sleep before learning,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and now to actually prepare your brain,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
almost like a dry sponge

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
ready to initially soak up[br]new information.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And without sleep,[br]the memory circuits of the brain

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
essentially become waterlogged,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
as it were,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and you can't absorb new memories.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So let me show you the data.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Here in this study, we decided[br]to test the hypothesis

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that pulling the all-nighter[br]was a good idea.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So we took a group of individuals

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and we assigned them[br]to one of two experimental groups:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
a sleep group,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and a sleep deprivation group.