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Hey, everybody, Colin Sage.

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Today here at First Build,
we're gonna make a couple spoons.

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We got Andrea, she's a guest
at First Build,

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And she's going to teach me:

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What the heck's going on
inside that spoon.

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-Hi, I'm Andrea,
and I'm a metallurgist by degree.

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I'm here to learn blacksmithing
from Colin,

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and maybe teach him
metallurgy on the way.

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[flame burst] Wooh!

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-There it goes.
I assume you're right handed.

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Hammer hand, tong hand.
-Tong hand.

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-You'll always want a glove,
because you'll be

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reaching in towards the flames.

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Today, at First Build--

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[spoon hitting floor]

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I got the old spoon fingers.

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Today, at First Build,
we're making a spoon.

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-A spoon. -Out of this. -Out of that.

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It's just mild carbon steel.
Let's do it.

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-Probably going to drop things...

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-Right. Two equal pieces,
one's mine, one's yours.

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Let's throw them in the forge.

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Things to note, when you get in there,
and grab this steel:

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When you're grabbing,
and especially when hammering,

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keep a nice tight grip, not so much

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that you're going to fatigue yourself.

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Misconception is to swing the hammer

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as hard as you possibly can,
that's gonna lead to mistakes.

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You want to be accurate
and you want to be intentional

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about each swing and each hit.

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Ready? Go for it.

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[metalic ringing]

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Yep, you're watching
where each blow comes down.

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You're seeing the deformation.

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I make cool stuff all the time:
swords and shields and knives.

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Now, Andrea is a metallurgist.

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What makes metallurgy so cool?

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-Metallurgy is pretty cool, because

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what's going on at the atomic level

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and at the microstructural level,
it's beautiful.

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Take a microscope
and look at the different structures,

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and manipulate that with,
what heat treatment

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you're going to put it under,

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or what quenching practice you'll use.

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And you can really do a lot
to change what that looks like.

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So the power is in your hands.

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-You're going to cause deformation
in different areas

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of where you're hitting,
and so to even it out,

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usually the best way
is just to flip it over

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and hit it again,
and you'll change your sides,

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because right-handed,
coming at a bit of an angle,

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it's not perfect every time.

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You're not perfect, I'm not perfect.

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We can get pretty close to it.

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All right, Andrea, you're the expert.

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Why is this glowing?

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What magic is this,
that makes steel glow when it gets hot?

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-Well, as the electrons,
the charged particle, move and shake,

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they emit those electromagnetic waves

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that you see in your eye as light.

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Up over 800, 900 degrees,
that's when things start glowing.

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-Our pieces in there
are getting super hot,

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and the bright part of the steel
is getting brighter, brighter.

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Is that going to cause any problems?

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-We just need to make sure
that we're not going to melt our steel.

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Your natural gas burners
can get well over 3000 degrees.

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And so we just need to make sure when--

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as the forge gets heated up,
we're not melting our steel.

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-OK. You'll notice
the pieces of barstock we're using

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aren't very thick,
they don't have a lot of mass.

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So our spoon head here
is not going to get real big,

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but we're going to try to
thin it down as best we can.

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We're going to keep rotating
and flipping, and try to get it

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evenly compressed,
and the size of the material will

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just kinda dictate how much cereal
we actually get in our mouth.

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You're up.

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As you swing your hammer down
and as you hit the piece,

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it's going to deform,
and the material is going to push out

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in all directions
from where the hammer hits.

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But, you can influence
where things are going

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with a little bit of movement
in that direction.

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So I can help the piece along;
if I want it to expand

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more outward than inward, I

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can give it a little bit
of a outward movement

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as I'm coming down onto the piece.

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So notice, especially
on small pieces like this,

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you want more control;
you don't need to be out here,

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bringing your fulcrum way back here,

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as you're gonna want to
choke up on your hammer.

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You don't need to pull from way up here.

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You can just keep it down,
especially when your piece

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gets really thin,
and you want to think about

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where it's going
and what you're trying to create,

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instead of how hard you can hit it;
don't let your piece melt.

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-Nope, don't let it melt.

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[metallic ringing]

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Colin makes it look really easy.

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It looks like it's a muscular activity,

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but it's actually
way more precise than that.

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-I'm kind of a large guy,
and yes, that's helpful,

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but anybody can be a blacksmith,
because it's not about power.

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It's really about muscular endurance,

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fatigue, and dexterity.

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It's not the spoon that bends,
it's me, alright?

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I watch "The Matrix."

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So, Andrea, as you can see
on my spoon here,

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we got some black, crusty stuff

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that keeps flaking off our material,
what the heck is that?

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-Yeah, so that's iron oxide,
it's formed in the furnace

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in an oxidizing environment.

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It sticks to the surface, and then you

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knock it off when you hit it.

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-So as the material heats up, does that

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help it react with oxygen more quickly?

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-Yeah, it's more of a driving force
for that reaction.

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(both speakers) Science!

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(Colin)
As I'm hitting the steel here,
it's moving out of the way.

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What exactly is happening, and why do we

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have to heat it up, to do that?

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-Steel is really nice to work with;
at high temperatures,

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it takes on a crystal shape
that's really favorable

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for that, applying that deformation.

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We know that there's atoms in the steel;
to change the shape

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of the metal, you have to get those
to move past each other.

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It's not just moving one atom
a tenth of a millimeter.

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You're moving a lot of atoms
in that direction.

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At higher temperatures,
you know, the steel, it expands,

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and that makes it a little bit easier

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to put those deformations into it.

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It almost looks like a spoon!

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[metallic ringing]

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This is very difficult.

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It takes a lot of energy,
and a lot of technique,

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that I do not possess,
but we're getting better.

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-I think she's got it down,
she's a natural.

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Woo!

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What we're gonna do,
we're gonna put that in.

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We're going to straighten out
the handle, some light taps.

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And then, you'll put your little,

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decorative bends in it, your ergonomics.

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-My ergonomics?

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-Yeah, your ergonomics.

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Here try these,
squeeze as hard as you can.

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Nope, if you pull back like this--

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-Oh, it'll open?

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-It opens up.

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-Ahhh!

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-See. Yeah, yeah.

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-There we go.

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Whoo, whoo, whoo.

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-I wanna to move towards--

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You want the sidewalls
to flare up, so...

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Yeah, yeah!

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[slight clinking]

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Andrea, thank you for coming out.

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Um, I had a lot of fun making spoons,
I hope you did too.

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And I rather enjoyed this team up,
it was a good time.

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I think we should, uh, do it more often.

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Anyway. Let's eat!

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You want to have 2% on the quench;
this is the real science.

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Thanks for watching, everybody, this is

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how you make a cereal spoon.

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Only at First Build.

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You're doing great.
-Yeah, you're doing great.

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-Okay.