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♪ [音乐] ♪

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- 现在我们知道了一个公司的
成本曲线和他进出市场的决策

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我们就可以根据这些更基础的因素
观察到供给曲线是怎样形成的

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让我们来更仔细地看一下

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- 供给曲线的构建是基于一个公司的

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进出市场的决策
以及这些决策对于行业成本的影响

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那么核心问题就是
当行业产出增加，成本如何变化？

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有三种可能性
第一种，行业成本增加

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即更多的产出带来更高的行业成本
第二种，行业成本不变

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即行业成本不随着产出的多少而改变

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最后一种，行业成本减少
产出越多，成本越少

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如我们所见，第一种和第二种行业十分常见
第三种则十分罕见

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然而第三种对于理解经济形势
还是很重要并很有趣的

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这一点我们日后再讲
现在让我们来看看行业供给曲线

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是如何基于公司进出市场和成本曲线形成的

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要说明在成本增加的行业中的状况很容易
我们举例假设行业中只有两个公司

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假设公司1是一家石油生产商
他们的油田离地表很近

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所以他们的平均成本曲线很低
对他们来说生产石油很容易

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另一方面，公司2的平均成本曲线比公司1高得多

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因为对于公司2而言他们所处的位置

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迫使他们钻的油井必须更深才能获取石油
现在，根据给定的这些条件

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如果油价低于17美元那么石油行业供给曲线将怎样？

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如果油价低于17美元
两个公司都无法盈利

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因为对两个公司来说
这个油价都低于平均成本曲线的最低值

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所以这两个公司都不会继续留在这个行业内

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所以如果油价低于17美元
行业需求将会为零，在这里，零点

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那么油价为17美元的情况如何呢？
如果油价17美元，公司1恰好收支相抵

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所以我们说公司1恰好进入此行业

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