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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [音乐] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.17,0:00:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- 现在我们知道了一个公司的\N成本曲线和他进出市场的决策
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.24,0:00:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们就可以根据这些更基础的因素\N观察到供给曲线是怎样形成的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.02,0:00:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,让我们来更仔细地看一下
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.90,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- 供给曲线的构建是基于一个公司的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,进出市场的决策\N以及这些决策对于行业成本的影响
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.77,0:00:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么核心问题就是\N当行业产出增加，成本如何变化？
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.81,0:00:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有三种可能性\N第一种，行业成本增加
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.02,0:00:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,即更多的产出带来更高的行业成本\N第二种，行业成本不变
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.85,0:00:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,即行业成本不随着产出的多少而改变
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.83,0:01:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,最后一种，行业成本减少\N产出越多，成本越少
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.09,0:01:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如我们所见，第一种和第二种行业十分常见\N第三种则十分罕见
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.61,0:01:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然而第三种对于理解经济形势\N还是很重要并很有趣的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.51,0:01:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这一点我们日后再讲\N现在让我们来看看行业供给曲线
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.70,0:01:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是如何基于公司进出市场和成本曲线形成的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.59,0:01:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,要说明在成本增加的行业中的状况很容易\N我们举例假设行业中只有两个公司
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.38,0:01:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,假设公司1是一家石油生产商\N他们的油田离地表很近
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.31,0:01:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以他们的平均成本曲线很低\N对他们来说生产石油很容易
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.25,0:01:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,另一方面，公司2的平均成本曲线比公司1高得多
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.49,0:01:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为对于公司2而言他们所处的位置
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.92,0:01:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,迫使他们钻的油井必须更深才能获取石油\N现在，根据给定的这些条件
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.58,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果油价低于17美元那么石油行业供给曲线将怎样？
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.16,0:02:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果油价低于17美元\N两个公司都无法盈利
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为对两个公司来说\N这个油价都低于平均成本曲线的最低值
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.29,0:02:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这两个公司都不会继续留在这个行业内
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.55,0:02:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以如果油价低于17美元\N行业需求将会为零，在这里，零点
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.74,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么油价为17美元的情况如何呢？\N如果油价17美元，公司1恰好收支相抵
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.88,0:02:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以我们说公司1恰好进入此行业
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.26,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.18,0:02:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.07,0:02:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.49,0:02:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.79,0:03:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.61,0:03:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.58,0:03:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.19,0:03:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.95,0:03:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.65,0:03:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.81,0:03:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.34,0:03:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.82,0:04:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.100,0:04:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.60,0:04:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.69,0:04:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.72,0:04:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.49,0:04:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.41,0:04:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.68,0:04:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.93,0:04:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.31,0:04:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.86,0:04:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.14,0:04:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.30,0:05:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.56,0:05:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
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Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.81,0:05:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.24,0:05:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
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Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.99,0:05:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
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Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.36,0:05:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
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Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.10,0:06:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.91,0:06:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.43,0:06:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,