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Mwaka 1992

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Meli ya mizigo iliyobeba shehena ya Vichezeo vya kuogea ilipatwa na dhoruba.

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Makontena ya kusafirishia shehena yakapotea kwenye maji,

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Mawimbi yalisomba bata wa raba na vichezeo vinginevyo kwenye bahari ya Pacific ya kaskazini.

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Lakini havikukaa pamoja.

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Tofauti kabisa--

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Bata hao wametapakaa Dunia nzima,

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Na wachunguzi wametumia njia yao

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Kuelewa zaidi mikondo ya Bahari.

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Mikondo ya bahari inaendeshwa na vitu vingi:

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Upepo,mawimbi,mabadiliko kwenye wiani,

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Na mzunguko wa Dunia.

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Topografia ya sakafu ya bahari na ufukwe vinaongeza hiyo mizunguko,

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Kusababisha mikondo iongeze spidi,

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Kupunguza spidi au kubadili muelekeo.

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Mikondo ya bahari imegawanyika kwenye makundi makuu mawili:

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Mikondo ya juu na mikondo ya ndani ya bahari.

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Mikondo ya juu ina dhibiti mwendo

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Wa asilimia 10 ya maji ya bahari,

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00:01:02,660 --> 00:01:06,230
Wakati mikondo ya ndani inadhibiti asilimia 90 iliyobaki.

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Japo yanasababishwa na vitu tofauti,

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Mikondo ya juu na ya ndani inashabiana

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Ni dansi ambayo inaifanya bahari itembee.

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Karibu na fukwe,

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Mikondo ya bahari ya juu inaendeshwa na upepo na mawimbi,

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Ambayo inavuta Maji ndani na Nje pale ambapo kiwango cha maji kinapungua na kuongezeka.

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Wakati huo huo,kwenye bahari upepo ndio nguvu kubwa ya mikondo ya juu.

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Upepo unapovuma juu ya bahari,

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Unaenda na maji ya juu,

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Maji yanayotembea yavuta vilivyomo chini,

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Na hizo zinavuta za chini yake.

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Maji yenye kina kirefu cha Mita 400

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Bado yana athiriwa na upepo wa juu ya bahari.

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Ukiangalia kwa karibu muundo wa mikondo ya juu ya bahari ya Dunia nzima,

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Utaona kwamba inatengeneza vitanzi vikubwa vinavyoitwa gyre,

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Inayosafiri upande wa saa kaskazini mwa ulimwengu

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Na kwa kurudi kusini mwa ulimwengu.

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Hiyo ni sababu ya jinsi Dunia inavyozunguka

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Inaingilia muundo wa upepo inayoleta hii mikondo.

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Kama Dunia isingezunguka,

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Maji na hewa vingeenda mbele na nyuma

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Kutoka sehemu yenye presha ndogo ikweta

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Na presha kubwa kwenye fito.

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Lakini Kadri Dunia inavyozunguka,

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Hewa kutoka ikweta kwenda kwenye fito ya kaskazini inageukia mashariki,

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Na hewa inayoelekea chini inageukia magharibi.

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Tofauti yake inatokea kwenye ulimwengu wa kusini,

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Ili kusudi mito mikubwa ya upepo

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Inatengeneza miundo ya vitanzi karibu na mabonde ya bahari.

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Hii inaitwa ifekti ya coriolis.

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Upepo unasukuma bahari chini yake kwenye gyre za kuzunguka.

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Na sababu maji yanashika moto upesi kushinda hewa,

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Hii mikondo inasaidia kugawanya joto duniani.

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Tofauti na mikondo ya juu,

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Mikondo ya ndani inaendeshwa na tofauti ya wiani wa maji ya bahari.

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Maji yanavyoelekea fito ya kaskazini,

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Yanakuwa na baridi.

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Pia yanakuwa na chumvi nyingi,

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Sababu ile barafu inayoshikilia maji wakati inaacha chumvi nyuma.

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Haya Maji ya baridi yenye chumvi ni mazito zaidi

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Kwahiyo yananuka,

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Na Maji ya uvugu vugu yanachukua nafasi yake.

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Kutengeneza mkondo wa wima unaoitwa mzunguko wa thermohaline

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Mzunguko wa thermohaline wa maji ya ndani na yanayoendeshwa na upepo wa Mkondo wa bahari wa juu

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Unajiunga kutengeneza kitanzi cha upepo kinachoitwa Global Conveyor Belt.

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Maji yanavyohama kutoka ndani ya bahari kwenda juu.

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Yanabeba virutubishi ambavyo vinasaidia kukuza viumbe hai

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Ambayo inatengeneza msingi wa cheni nyingi za chakula baharini.

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Mkondo wa Global Conveyor belt ndo mrefu zaidi duniani,

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Ukizunguka dunia nzima.

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Lakini unazunguka sentimita chache kwa sekunde.

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Inaweza ichukua tone la maji miaka 1000 kufanya safari yote.

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Japokuwa Levo za joto la bahari zinazopanda zinasababisha ukanda wa conveyor

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Kupunguza spidi.

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Modeli zinaonesha hii inasabisha ma tatizo kwenye hali ya hewa

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Kwenye pande zote za Atlantic,

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Na hamna anayejua nini kitatokea ikiendelea kupunguza spidi

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Au ikisimama kabisa

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Njia pekee tutakayoweza tabiri sawasawa na kujiandaa vizuri

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Ni Kwa kuendelea kusoma mikondo na nguvu zote zinazosababisha mikondo kuwepo.