[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.32,0:00:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome back, APUSH crew.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.68,0:00:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we're taking
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.52,0:00:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a look at the Roaring 20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.87,0:00:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're studying the periods 1919
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.16,0:00:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to around 1929 in your APUSH class,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.04,0:00:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or using any of these textbook,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this video is gonna help you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.32,0:00:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get a five on that APUSH exam.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.73,0:00:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And important to keep in mind is even
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.64,0:00:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the Roaring 20s,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.99,0:00:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a fear following World War I.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.76,0:00:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually begins during the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.43,0:00:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you recall, in 1917, the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.60,0:00:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Communist Party came to power in Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.44,0:00:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Bolshevik Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.60,0:00:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many Americans were concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.40,0:00:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that perhaps this was the start of a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.40,0:00:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communist movement all over the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.43,0:00:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strikes actually occur also in 1919.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.80,0:00:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a completely separate issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.16,0:00:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though some people blame these
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.95,0:00:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strikes on radical movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.56,0:00:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of them were about increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.84,0:01:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workers' wages, reducing hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.92,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and improving safety conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.12,0:01:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you get strikes going down
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.28,0:01:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many important industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.55,0:01:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have this great steel strike in 1919,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.96,0:01:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Boston Police strike, where
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.75,0:01:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police officers actually go on strike.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.24,0:01:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the important outcomes of these
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.28,0:01:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strikes is very often,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.47,0:01:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the National Guard was called out to break
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.64,0:01:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up these strikes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.76,0:01:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And public opinion throughout
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.44,0:01:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 1920s is gonna be very anti-union.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Race riots also occur following and,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.48,0:01:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact, during the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.84,0:01:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a result of American
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.16,0:01:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities changing demographically.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.12,0:01:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a lot of resentment over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.72,0:01:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competition for jobs between White
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.08,0:01:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Black residents and over housing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.60,0:01:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, some of the worst racial rioting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.36,0:01:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,takes place in 1919 in Chicago, where over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.12,0:01:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 people are killed during the riots.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.36,0:01:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have bombs go off in 1919-1920
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.48,0:01:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in eight American cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.76,0:01:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many people in the country
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.76,0:01:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think that this is the start of a radical
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.92,0:02:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement, a revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.24,0:02:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to take place in America,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.24,0:02:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this becomes known as the Red Scare.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.20,0:02:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's important to keep in mind
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.32,0:02:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these events you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.76,0:02:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these four things,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.52,0:02:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not necessarily connected,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.52,0:02:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when all of them are happening around
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.96,0:02:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same time, you have the bombings,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.40,0:02:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have this Red Scare developing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.27,0:02:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the guy who's gonna play a key role
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.36,0:02:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during this is the Attorney General
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.44,0:02:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States, A.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.36,0:02:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mitchell Palmer, and he's going to lead
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.96,0:02:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a series of raids of suspected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.16,0:02:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radicals in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.08,0:02:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thousands of people are going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.12,0:02:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrested during these Palmer Raids
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.80,0:02:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the first Red Scare.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.96,0:02:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing that kind of continues going
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.80,0:02:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the 1920s is, once again,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.92,0:02:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a rise of nativism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.60,0:02:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the Palmer Raids led to the mass
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.72,0:02:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrest of socialists, anarchists,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.48,0:02:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,union organizers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.96,0:02:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other suspected radicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.87,0:02:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And very often these people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.20,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these individuals were being arrested
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.08,0:03:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their ideas. And in many cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.32,0:03:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was very little evidence, if any,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.12,0:03:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these people were just guilty
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.72,0:03:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of believing in things that were
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.36,0:03:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unpopular during the decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.44,0:03:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with this Red Scare,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.51,0:03:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is going to be a continued hatred
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.60,0:03:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards new immigrants in the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.76,0:03:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, in 1921, the Quota Act will be
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.88,0:03:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,passed signed into law by President Harding,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.04,0:03:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's gonna limit immigration
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.44,0:03:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,numbers to three percent of those living
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.68,0:03:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the U.S. as of 1910.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.28,0:03:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Add another law to immigration policy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.16,0:03:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the National Quota Act of 1924.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.64,0:03:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one sets the quota at two percent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.28,0:03:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the immigrants in the U.S., and they use
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.96,0:03:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the year 1890, and they use
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.12,0:03:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the numbers of the 1890 Census.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.28,0:03:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason why they switch that year
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.20,0:03:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 1890 is they're trying to limit
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.76,0:03:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the new immigrants that were largely
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.12,0:03:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming in from Southern
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.36,0:03:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Eastern Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.48,0:03:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These immigrants were considered
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.76,0:03:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undesirable, and they want to cut off
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.48,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that immigration from those
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.08,0:04:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries in particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.31,0:04:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 1890's kind of the year where
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.44,0:04:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were less of those
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.72,0:04:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immigrants than in years following.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.84,0:04:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Quota Act of 1924 is also gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.80,0:04:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,severely restrict Asian immigrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.76,0:04:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, no Japanese immigrants
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.44,0:04:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are allowed to come at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.16,0:04:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's important to keep in mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.92,0:04:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the 1920s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.20,0:04:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're gonna have an unrestricted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.96,0:04:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immigration from the Western hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.56,0:04:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, lots of immigrants coming in,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.60,0:04:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially from Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.24,0:04:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working in jobs in the Southwest,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.84,0:04:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predominantly in agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.04,0:04:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the most important cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.63,0:04:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really symbolic of the anti-immigrant
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.12,0:04:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling of the 1920s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.76,0:04:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the case of Sacco and Vanzetti.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.12,0:04:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there they are, Sacco and Vanzetti.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens is these two men are
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italian immigrants who are charged
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.72,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with robbery and murder in 1921, Boston.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.44,0:04:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're found guilty
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.36,0:04:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sentenced to death.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.76,0:04:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this trial really demonstrates
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.28,0:04:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tensions of the era.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.32,0:04:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people felt that Sacco
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.52,0:05:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Vanzetti were not receiving justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.68,0:05:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what occurs, and the reasons why they
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.04,0:05:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say this is very often during the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the fact that they're Italian
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.32,0:05:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immigrants, they're radicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.96,0:05:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're anarchists,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.87,0:05:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're World War I draft dodgers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.36,0:05:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those become the issues in the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.24,0:05:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ultimately, both men will be executed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.27,0:05:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1927, in spite of the fact that there's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.96,0:05:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of people around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.84,0:05:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calling for their release.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.77,0:05:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing about the 1920s that occurs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.48,0:05:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of connected to the issue
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.95,0:05:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of immigration and anti-radical
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.24,0:05:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feelings is the resurgence of the KKK.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.36,0:05:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you recall, the KKK is created
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.56,0:05:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following the Civil War during
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.44,0:05:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reconstruction. And in the '20s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.36,0:05:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Klan broadens its influence
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.36,0:05:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout the decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.56,0:05:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They expand their influence not just
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.24,0:05:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the South, but also in the Midwest
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.88,0:05:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in other regions of the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.92,0:05:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their hatred isn't confined to African
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.72,0:05:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American people exclusively any longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.80,0:05:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are going to speak out and be against
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.20,0:06:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only African Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.96,0:06:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but immigrants, especially those Southern
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.76,0:06:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Eastern European immigrants,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.44,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catholics, radicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.04,0:06:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and any other people that were not White,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.52,0:06:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anglo-Saxon, Protestant.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.08,0:06:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, just before the 1920s,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.83,0:06:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a popular film, a very pro-KKK film,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.76,0:06:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Birth of a Nation is extremely
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.88,0:06:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,popular in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.08,0:06:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the film it is the Klan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.44,0:06:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are the heroes of Reconstruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.68,0:06:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're gonna organize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.56,0:06:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves throughout the decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.92,0:06:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're gonna become very powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.44,0:06:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to five million members by 1925,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.20,0:06:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they are saying to the American
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.12,0:06:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people is that they are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.99,0:06:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a patriotic organizations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.36,0:06:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They support
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.32,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely, and they're gonna get support
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.04,0:06:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely, White Protestants,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.91,0:06:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the small towns and cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.80,0:06:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Klan itself will exert
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.56,0:06:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tremendous political influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.15,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you see them marching in Washington,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.60,0:06:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,D.C. So far, this decade's been kind
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.88,0:06:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a downer, but kind of why
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.80,0:06:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it called the Roaring 20s?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.56,0:06:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, one of the things that happens is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.88,0:07:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the rise, the development
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.64,0:07:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the mass consumption economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.88,0:07:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1920, it is the first time a majority
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.52,0:07:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Americans live in urban areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.60,0:07:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that on the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.88,0:07:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chart right there, 51 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.28,0:07:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the economic prosperity as a whole,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.80,0:07:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the economy is going to roar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.92,0:07:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a tremendous growth in the stock
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.08,0:07:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,market, and very often this growth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.64,0:07:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was built on people buying on margin.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.88,0:07:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're taking out loans to buy stock.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.48,0:07:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're gonna see how
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.32,0:07:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that turns out in the next video.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.12,0:07:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason they're doing this is
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.56,0:07:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're investing based on speculation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.56,0:07:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They feel this market is going to continue
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.59,0:07:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go up, and for much of the decade, it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.76,0:07:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will go up until the great crash in 1929.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.44,0:07:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mass consumption economy is really
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.56,0:07:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna be dependent upon a large number
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.52,0:07:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of new and affordable consumer goods
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.56,0:07:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming available, things like the vacuum
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.92,0:07:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleaner, the washing machine, and other
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.08,0:07:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goods are going to be purchased by people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.68,0:08:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And really, electricity in homes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.60,0:08:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads to this increased demand
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.32,0:08:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for consumer appliances.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once people are moving to cities
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.64,0:08:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and electricity is available in more
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.48,0:08:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more homes, you can now have these new
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.12,0:08:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumer goods, and these are gonna save
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.44,0:08:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time in doing things like housework.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.96,0:08:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fueling this consumerism
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.16,0:08:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was buying goods on credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The installment plan is really kind
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.04,0:08:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of introduced on a wide scale in the 20s,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.40,0:08:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the idea is you can
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.75,0:08:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possess today and pay tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.04,0:08:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, of course now, lots of people are able
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.16,0:08:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to buy things that they
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.24,0:08:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally could not.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.56,0:08:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The downside of this, of course, is debt.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.64,0:08:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're gonna see, once again,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.84,0:08:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consequences of this debt
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.08,0:08:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our next video.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.40,0:08:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And advertising is gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.72,0:08:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play a key role in the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.60,0:08:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see one of the popular ads in the '20s
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.84,0:08:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right there, bad breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.72,0:08:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,halitosis makes you unpopular.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.04,0:08:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, brush your teeth, childrens.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.92,0:08:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And advertising industry is gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.48,0:08:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manipulate consumer demand by increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.48,0:08:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people's desire to have various products.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.84,0:09:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another area that's gonna really transform
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.92,0:09:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,itself in the 1920s is transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.60,0:09:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frederick Taylor's Principles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.44,0:09:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Scientific Management,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.75,0:09:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his whole idea was that workers can
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.76,0:09:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improve their productivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.64,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that management can improve
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.03,0:09:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the productivity of workers by having them
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.52,0:09:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eliminate certain motions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.00,0:09:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the production process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.56,0:09:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the guy who really kind of adopts
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.53,0:09:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of these ideas is Henry Ford.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.32,0:09:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cars become affordable for the average
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.36,0:09:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American, the famous Model T, you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.48,0:09:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there. And really, the assembly line
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.44,0:09:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introduced by Henry Ford allows for this
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.84,0:09:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mass production to take place
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.84,0:09:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the automobile history.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.24,0:09:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, while the railroad industry's gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.76,0:09:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be hurt by cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.40,0:09:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is going to be a huge boom in other
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.84,0:09:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industries, such as steel and rubber
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.88,0:09:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gasoline, highway construction,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.60,0:09:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a whole host of others,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.68,0:09:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the rise of the automobile,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.48,0:09:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just economic impacts of the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.96,0:09:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the car becomes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.64,0:09:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a badge of freedom and equality,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.80,0:10:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's going to have
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.28,0:10:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social consequences as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.04,0:10:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The airplane plays a key role.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.47,0:10:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, one of the key kinda figures
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.52,0:10:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this story is Charles Lindbergh,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.52,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who becomes the first person
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.03,0:10:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fly solo across the Atlantic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.64,0:10:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He goes from New York to Paris
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.96,0:10:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very long journey of over 33 hours in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.64,0:10:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a single-engine plane, some scary stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.60,0:10:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when he comes back,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.44,0:10:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he becomes a national hero,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.60,0:10:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an instant celebrity because people are
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.76,0:10:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to follow his journey with the radio.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.68,0:10:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that leads us to the mass media
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.56,0:10:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the impact of mass media on the '20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.60,0:10:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really important
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.64,0:10:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the impact of the radio.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.80,0:10:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In November of 1920,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.28,0:10:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the first radio broadcast out
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.36,0:10:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Pittsburgh, and it announces
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.32,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the election of Warren G.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.92,0:10:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harding to the American public.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.16,0:10:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And really the radio is gonna play
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.75,0:10:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a key role in tying the nation together.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.04,0:10:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It provides shared experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.64,0:10:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are listening to the same
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.56,0:11:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advertisements, the same speeches,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.56,0:11:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same forms of entertainment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.44,0:11:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a national scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.04,0:11:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also see in the 1920s the rise
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.92,0:11:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the movie industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.24,0:11:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially in Hollywood, out in Los Angeles.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.68,0:11:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is the famous
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.84,0:11:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hollywood sign as it
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.08,0:11:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked back in the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.76,0:11:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Innovations in the movie industry itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.12,0:11:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have The Jazz Singer in 1927.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.96,0:11:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It becomes the first talkie.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.32,0:11:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a part of this rise of mass media like
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.96,0:11:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radio and movies is the celebrity
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.96,0:11:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture of the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.27,0:11:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have people that become national
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.68,0:11:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrities, people such as Babe Ruth,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.24,0:11:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the famous New York Yankee.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.08,0:11:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the radio and the movie, once again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.84,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fuel the consumption economy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.32,0:11:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that characterizes the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.80,0:11:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gender in the 1920s is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.00,0:11:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another important thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.27,0:11:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This image of the decade was a decade
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.44,0:11:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of social customs being challenged,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.72,0:11:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for women,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.04,0:11:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for all different groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.96,0:11:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was young women in cities that were
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.92,0:11:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really challenging the social
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.44,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,customs of America.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.40,0:12:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jazz music, dancing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.88,0:12:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drinking bootleg liquor,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.23,0:12:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other challenges to traditional values
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.48,0:12:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do have, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.28,0:12:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labor-saving devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.80,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the vacuum cleaner,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.03,0:12:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the washing machine, changing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.16,0:12:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the roles of homemakers for some women.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.08,0:12:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were a woman who was able
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.84,0:12:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to afford these new appliances,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.80,0:12:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you now have more free time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.20,0:12:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the ultimate symbol of this kind
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.24,0:12:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of youthful rebellion of young women was,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.36,0:12:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, the flappers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.64,0:12:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have some women who go much further
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.55,0:12:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their challenging of existing social
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.08,0:12:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,customs of the decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.48,0:12:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of those women is Margaret Sanger,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.88,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who spoke openly in spite of protests
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.04,0:12:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in spite of her being arrested
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.75,0:12:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for obscenity laws in the support of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.76,0:12:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,birth control and demanding that women
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.40,0:12:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should have the right to have
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.44,0:12:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access to birth control.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.44,0:12:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These changes in the 1920s lead
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.40,0:12:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a growth of fundamentalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.08,0:12:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, eventually, you're gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.36,0:12:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the Scopes Monkey Trial.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.56,0:13:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as the decade is seeing a battle
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.20,0:13:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the values of the modernizing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.40,0:13:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities and the traditional values of rural
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.80,0:13:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,areas, you're going to see the growth
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.52,0:13:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a fundamentalist movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.40,0:13:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And fundamentalists believe that every
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.72,0:13:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,word in the Bible should be
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.60,0:13:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,considered literally true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.64,0:13:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the radio allows for preachers, such as
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.92,0:13:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Billy Sunday, to reach a mass audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.76,0:13:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he did so in the '20s when he spoke
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.60,0:13:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out against things like drinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.44,0:13:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dancing, jazz music, and gambling,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.92,0:13:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other things that some
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.40,0:13:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundamentalists opposed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.84,0:13:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the big moment happens when the ACLU,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.00,0:13:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American Civil Liberties Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.08,0:13:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sought to challenge a law in Tennessee,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.32,0:13:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Butler Act, that outlawed the teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.16,0:13:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of evolution in public schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.73,0:13:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they find a teacher, John Scopes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.88,0:13:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will violate the law,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.68,0:13:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1925 he is arrested for teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.64,0:13:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolution in a school
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.60,0:13:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Dayton, Tennessee.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The entire world follows the trial
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.96,0:13:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by listening on the radio,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.92,0:14:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the famous Scopes Monkey Trial,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.72,0:14:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it dealt with evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.56,0:14:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have two of the best
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.48,0:14:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lawyers in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.88,0:14:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prosecutor is a religious
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.24,0:14:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundamentalist, also former presidential
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.80,0:14:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,candidate William Jennings Bryan,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.92,0:14:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the defense attorney is
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.99,0:14:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clarence Darrow, probably the most famous
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.03,0:14:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defense attorney in this time period.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.23,0:14:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trial goes on and Scopes is convicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.88,0:14:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gets off on a technicality,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.00,0:14:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.20,0:14:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Scopes Trial demonstrated the tensions
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.60,0:14:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the modern and the traditional
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.72,0:14:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,religious values of the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.17,0:14:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prohibition is a key part of the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.52,0:14:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you recall, the 18th Amendment was
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.44,0:14:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ratified in 1919, and it prohibited
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.84,0:14:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the manufacture and sale
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.76,0:14:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of alcoholic beverages.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.60,0:14:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Volstead Act is passed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.64,0:14:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the federal law that would
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.76,0:14:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enforce the 18th Amendment.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.36,0:14:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The issue of prohibition
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.40,0:14:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was very controversial.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.96,0:14:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was fierce opposition,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.48,0:14:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in large cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.31,0:14:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially amongst immigrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.80,0:14:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the banning of alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.44,0:15:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bootleg liquor was served at speakeasies,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.76,0:15:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illegal clubs where alcohol was sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.04,0:15:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were making their own alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.20,0:15:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in many cases they were
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.56,0:15:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely ignoring the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.16,0:15:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of the problem was there was
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.60,0:15:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understaffed law enforcement.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.76,0:15:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't enough police to police
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.76,0:15:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the borders of the United States to get
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.56,0:15:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the different areas where alcohol
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.12,0:15:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was being distributed and made.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.56,0:15:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other issue you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.80,0:15:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the political cartoon
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.28,0:15:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was widespread corruption.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.11,0:15:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very often police, politicians, and judges
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.84,0:15:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were paid off to look the other way.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.96,0:15:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result of prohibition,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.68,0:15:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get the rise of organized crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.60,0:15:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big guy, the famous guy
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.59,0:15:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is of course Al Capone in Chicago.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.04,0:15:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have events like the St.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.28,0:15:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Valentine's Day Massacre
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.96,0:15:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where violence increases.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.12,0:15:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In spite of all this kind of controversy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.07,0:15:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drinking does go down in the 1920s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.68,0:15:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ultimately prohibition will be seen as
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.52,0:15:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a noble experiment that will fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.04,0:15:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually it will be overturned with
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.12,0:15:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 21st Amendment in the early 1930s.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.56,0:15:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the big problem is,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.84,0:16:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make something like alcohol
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.76,0:16:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illegal, but many people still want it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.00,0:16:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so they're going to ignore the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.12,0:16:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great photo, people marching,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.28,0:16:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not for civil rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.48,0:16:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not for freedom, but for beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.77,0:16:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The decade of the 1920s
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.07,0:16:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for African-Americans was a mixed decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.60,0:16:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lynchings continued to be a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.52,0:16:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The KKK was becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.12,0:16:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.48,0:16:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jim Crow laws, Plessy versus Ferguson,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.40,0:16:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of that stuff remained a fact of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.92,0:16:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while those challenges are important,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.60,0:16:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African-Americans continued to find
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.52,0:16:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways to resist this injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.70,0:16:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recall there was a great migration all
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.76,0:16:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way before World War I where you had
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.67,0:16:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this mass movement of African-Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.76,0:16:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Northern cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.99,0:16:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have the spread of jazz music out
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.96,0:16:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of New Orleans into cities
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.00,0:16:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as New York and Chicago.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.32,0:16:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harlem becomes kind of the unofficial
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.72,0:16:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cultural center of Black America.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.04,0:16:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And during the '20s you have a famous
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.55,0:16:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,event known as the Harlem Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.96,0:16:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have writers such as Claude McKay,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.40,0:17:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.64,0:17:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous jazz musicians like
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.52,0:17:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Louis Armstrong. And really an important
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.48,0:17:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idea of the Harlem Renaissance
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.72,0:17:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this idea of the new Negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.56,0:17:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there was this emphasis on Black
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.52,0:17:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pride, racial pride,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.28,0:17:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and celebrating the cultural traditions
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.56,0:17:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that Black community in much
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.72,0:17:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Harlem Renaissance's work.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.40,0:17:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And outside of the Harlem Renaissance, you
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.00,0:17:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a guy by the name of Marcus Garvey.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.28,0:17:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is a immigrant from Jamaica,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.52,0:17:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a British colony.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.40,0:17:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He comes to the United States, and he
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.04,0:17:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creates the Universal Negro
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.96,0:17:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Improvement Association, the UNIA.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.32,0:17:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's gonna call for African-Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.04,0:17:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go back to Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.48,0:17:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He believed in separatism.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.88,0:17:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He felt that African-Americans would not
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.60,0:17:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be able to get justice
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.04,0:17:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and equality in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.68,0:17:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But beyond that,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.92,0:17:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Garvey's movement is gonna promote Black
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.96,0:17:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pride, Black-owned business,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.32,0:17:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-confidence, self-reliance,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.19,0:17:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-sufficiency in the African-American
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.72,0:18:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community. And he's gonna play a key role
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.92,0:18:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mobilizing ordinary African-Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.88,0:18:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were perhaps not touched
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.32,0:18:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the writings of the Harlem Renaissance,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.48,0:18:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're gonna be touched
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.24,0:18:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the words of Garvey.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.48,0:18:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, make sure you
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.32,0:18:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know about the Lost Generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.48,0:18:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a group of writers like F.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.92,0:18:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.63,0:18:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sinclair Lewis, and their writing is gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.80,0:18:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criticize different aspects of the decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.52,0:18:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're gonna question the reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.92,0:18:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for fighting World War I;
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.60,0:18:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small town values in places like Dayton,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.84,0:18:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tennessee; fundamentalist religious views;
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.04,0:18:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the materialism of the 1920s.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.96,0:18:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this group of artists are disillusioned
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.96,0:18:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the old ideals of the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.16,0:18:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the new materialistic culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.96,0:18:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's gonna close out the Roaring '20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.72,0:18:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make sure you subscribe to the channel.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.76,0:18:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Click Like on the video, tell your
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.16,0:18:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,friends, and have a beautiful day.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.76,0:18:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peace.