[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.63,0:00:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor Noah: Got a call from my manager,\Nand I was in the back of a taxi,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.17,0:00:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "Hey, how would you like\Nto host The Daily Show?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.32,0:00:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adam Grant: That's Trevor Noah.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.04,0:00:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: My mind was blown.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.31,0:00:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I still don't think I understood\Nthe gravity of the entire show.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.76,0:00:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I remember I got out of the taxi\Nand my knees were weak,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.65,0:00:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I probably would have fainted\Nif I was just walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.41,0:00:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm glad I was sitting down\Nwhen I got the news.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.69,0:00:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yeah, and that's when it happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.63,0:00:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: When Trevor got that call,\Nhis worklife changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.03,0:00:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd spent a lot of his career\Nworking solo as a stand-up comedian
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.27,0:00:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in clubs and theaters,\Nmostly in South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.99,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now he works with a full\Ncreative team in New York City.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.10,0:00:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four days a week, they make a show\Nthat millions of people watch,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.73,0:00:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I want to know how they pull that off,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.82,0:00:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because usually, big groups\Nare where creativity goes to die.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.16,0:00:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.78,0:00:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Adam Grant, and this is WorkLife,\Nmy podcast with TED.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.90,0:00:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an organizational psychologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.95,0:01:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I study how to make work not suck.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.68,0:01:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this show, I'm inviting myself in\Nto some truly unusual places
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.68,0:01:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they've mastered something\NI wish everyone knew about work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.23,0:01:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, creativity under the gun,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.21,0:01:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how you can be more creative\Nin whatever you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.72,0:01:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to Warby Parker\Nfor sponsoring this episode.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.20,0:01:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.51,0:01:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you have a creative challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.22,0:01:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the natural starting point is to bring\Na group of people together to brainstorm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.12,0:01:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Workplaces have relied\Non brainstorming for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.23,0:01:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's just one small problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.43,0:01:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.67,0:01:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually have decades of evidence\Nthat brainstorming backfires.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.38,0:01:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Groups produce fewer ideas and worse ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.50,0:01:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the same people working alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.51,0:01:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.07,0:01:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is it about group brainstorming\Nthat stifles creativity?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.46,0:01:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, people silence themselves\Nbecause they're afraid of looking stupid.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.52,0:01:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, some people silence others\Nby dominating the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.56,0:02:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third, everyone just supports\Nthe boss's favorite idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.08,0:02:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But The Daily Show\Nhas overcome these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.02,0:02:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've cracked the code\Nof group creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.90,0:02:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going in to find out how.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.21,0:02:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.48,0:02:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's 9am on a Tuesday.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.16,0:02:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Overlapping voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.53,0:02:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Walking in, it's clear that this show\Nis a massive machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.86,0:02:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On any given day, over a hundred\Nstaff and crew members are working on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.91,0:02:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to focus\Non one part of that machine:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.32,0:02:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the writers' room.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.71,0:02:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where a creative team\Nof writers, producers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.11,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on-camera talent come together.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.66,0:02:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being in a writers' room is sort of\Nan organizational psychologist's dream,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.43,0:02:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least it's one of mine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.24,0:02:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and The Daily Show is giving me\Nbackstage access
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.57,0:02:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how they start the day\Nwith a blank page
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.16,0:02:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and end up with 22 minutes\Nof great comedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.80,0:02:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Overlapping voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.23,0:02:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The room is packed with about 30 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.64,0:02:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them are sitting on couches,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.49,0:02:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of them are sitting on the floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.42,0:02:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of them even have their dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.37,0:02:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're starting to kick around ideas\Nbefore Trevor arrives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.26,0:03:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Overlapping voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's November, and the big news of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.15,0:03:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Alabama Senate candidate Roy Moore.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.26,0:03:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a few weeks left\Nbefore the special election
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.84,0:03:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to replace Jeff Sessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.92,0:03:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know how that played out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.74,0:03:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the time, it was great material.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.68,0:03:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They start off by playing clips\Nfrom yesterday's news, and then they riff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.59,0:03:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,News Clip: ... people are saying\NRoy Moore was banned from the mall.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.91,0:03:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.44,0:03:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Allison MacDonald, supervising producer:\NThe fact that the mall
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.49,0:03:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has higher standards\Nthan the US Senate ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.65,0:03:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,News clip: Overnight,\NMoore denied the accusations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.13,0:03:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Clip continues) Roy Moore: I never did\Nwhat she said I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.06,0:03:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't even know the woman.\NI don't know anything about her.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.54,0:03:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't even know\Nwhere the restaurant is or was.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.16,0:03:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Max Brown, supervising producer:\NHe's like, "I deny it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.83,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's absolutely false.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.02,0:03:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have no idea what it is about."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.73,0:03:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with every accuser, it's like,\N"He was here every night."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.71,0:03:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a picture of him\Non the wall that he signed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.24,0:03:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh Johnson, writer: Sooner or later\Nwith accusers, he'll be like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.40,0:03:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm not even from Alabama.\NNever been here before."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.15,0:04:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.48,0:04:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve Bodow, executive producer:\NI am not Roy Moore.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.88,0:04:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The room is starting to feel\Nlike a really crowded family dinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.36,0:04:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone is jumping into the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.43,0:04:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zhubin Parang, head writer:\NI wonder if his favorite booth
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.25,0:04:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has his name carved into it,\Nlike, "Roy Moore's seat," yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.43,0:04:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I never got pancakes and waffles there,"\Nand restaurant is like,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.20,0:04:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That is that's what we call\Nthe Roy Moore Special."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.66,0:04:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jimmy Don, senior producer: His picture's\Non the wall for the pancake challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.14,0:04:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The first thing I noticed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.59,0:04:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the room\Nis full of creative bursts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.33,0:04:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Believe it or not, there's a name for that\Nin the psychology of creativity:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.08,0:04:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's called burstiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.44,0:04:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.81,0:04:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Burstiness is like\Nthe best moments in improv jazz.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.89,0:04:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone plays a note,\Nsomeone else jumps in with a harmony,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.69,0:04:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pretty soon, you have\Na collective sound that no one planned.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.96,0:04:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most groups never get to that point,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.62,0:04:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you know burstiness when you see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.18,0:05:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At The Daily Show, the room just literally\Nsounds like it's bursting with ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.58,0:05:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can hear it in the Roy Moore joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.16,0:05:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: I think ... Oh, here we go.\NWhat's up, man?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.20,0:05:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Trevor Noah just walked in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.17,0:05:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: We're just watching\Nand laughing at Roy Moore,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.54,0:05:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to the mall,\Nhanging around until ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.93,0:05:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Getting banned from the mall?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.53,0:05:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: That's a pretty extreme\Ndetail that they left out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.30,0:05:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: While you're the DA.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.64,0:05:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Even the mall cop\Nis like, "Look, Mr. DA, I know."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.34,0:05:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MB: It's really hard\Nto get banned by the mall.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.73,0:05:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, if you are a bad teenager,\Nyou don't get banned.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.46,0:05:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dan McCoy, writer: I like the way\Nhe was making excuses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.09,0:05:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now about these bans.\N"No, I was stealing lipstick."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.27,0:05:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.30,0:05:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: So right there, my ears perk up.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.85,0:05:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The burstiness is back,\Neven with Trevor in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.87,0:05:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone's throwing out\Nhalf-baked ideas to their boss.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.12,0:05:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How comfortable are you\Njust brainstorming on the fly
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.49,0:05:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in front of the most powerful\Nperson in your workplace?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.12,0:05:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have a boss\Nwho is constantly judging you,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.56,0:05:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be a nightmare.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.78,0:06:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'd be afraid of getting\Nit wrong or looking dumb.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.58,0:06:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Trevor sets an inviting tone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.01,0:06:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no frenzy, no panic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.40,0:06:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's guiding the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.15,0:06:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the clock is ticking,\Nhe doesn't sound stressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.69,0:06:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Let's just go down\Nthat list. Let's breeze through it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.92,0:06:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The meeting wraps up at 10:30.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have an outline for the show.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.16,0:06:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's time to divide and conquer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.37,0:06:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The writers only have about two hours\Nbefore their first drafts are due.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.38,0:06:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: So, I need a couple of writers\Nto just a round of the Asia wrap
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.45,0:06:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two writers who want\Nto do the Don-Jr-is-an-idiot thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.83,0:06:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: They go off in pairs to write.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.35,0:06:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to dig in further to find out\Nhow they create the ideal conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.22,0:06:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for burstiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.64,0:06:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I tracked down\Nthe head writer, Zhubin Parang,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.44,0:06:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and senior writer Daniel Radosh.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.71,0:06:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Psychologists talk about\Nthis pattern they call burstiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.71,0:06:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, how rapidly\Nwe're taking turns in conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.47,0:06:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interrupting each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.91,0:06:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were moments\Nwhen somebody had a pretty good joke
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.53,0:07:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then like four people built on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.40,0:07:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Daniel Radosh: The main thing\Nis to get the jokes out of the material
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.70,0:07:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's where\Nthe burstiness comes from.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.82,0:07:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: I love how you adopted\Nthe language of burstiness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.44,0:07:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that's a normal thing\Npeople would say.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.52,0:07:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR: We're improv-focused.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.80,0:07:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever you say, that's the new term.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.68,0:07:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: But let's be clear: not everyone\Nwas immediately on board.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.48,0:07:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are two of the newer writers,\NKat Radley and Colleen Werthmann.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.54,0:07:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Colleen Werthmann: Burstiness?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.30,0:07:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kat Radley: You come up with that?\NAG: No, I'm just borrowing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.53,0:07:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I first learned about burstiness\Nfrom a colleague.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.96,0:07:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anita Williams Woolley:\NI'm Anita Williams Woolley.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.50,0:07:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an associate professor\Nat Carnegie Mellon University.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.25,0:07:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Burstiness is when everybody\Nis speaking and responding to each other
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.62,0:07:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a short amount of time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.44,0:07:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of having it drawn out\Nover a long period of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.84,0:07:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Anita sees burstiness\Nin all kinds of groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.89,0:07:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.28,0:07:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AWW: I have four older brothers\Nand three kids who are all boys,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.45,0:07:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I joke how this explains my whole life
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.76,0:07:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because pretty much\Nany dinnertime conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.52,0:08:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can hear me say,\N"Wait a minute, let me finish."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.11,0:08:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of burstiness\Nin the conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.34,0:08:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of interrupting,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.49,0:08:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seems not to bother them at all\Nbut sometimes can drive me crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.93,0:08:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Interruptions aren't always rude.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.99,0:08:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're in a crunch,\Nyou want everyone to pitch in fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.08,0:08:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anita studied software teams working\Nin different places around the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.94,0:08:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She found that the most innovative\Nand productive teams were bursty.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.34,0:08:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AWW: The more effective teams
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.34,0:08:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figured out when their team members\Nwere likely to be working
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.37,0:08:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would get online\Nat a similar time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.67,0:08:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start exchanging messages,\Nsending each other code,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.64,0:08:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas other teams might have\Ncommunicated just as much
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.76,0:08:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engaged in just as much activity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.64,0:08:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but kind of more dictated\Nby their own personal schedule,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.19,0:08:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those teams were not as effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.05,0:08:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Burstiness is a sign\Nthat you're not stuck
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.33,0:08:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one of those dysfunctional\Nbrainstorming sessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.38,0:08:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when a group\Nreaches its creative peak
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.38,0:09:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everyone is participating freely\Nand contributing ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.23,0:09:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AWW: I don't think that burstiness\Nis unique to creative fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.10,0:09:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, I think probably creative fields\Ndo really benefit from burstiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.63,0:09:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people who are\Nin the conversation are energized
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.24,0:09:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when you speak, somebody's\Ngoing to respond to you right away,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.60,0:09:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know they're listening\Nand then you're listening to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.50,0:09:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so it's much easier\Nto exchange ideas and maybe build ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.86,0:09:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: But of course,\Nburstiness looks different
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.01,0:09:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when your raw materials\Naren't bits of code
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.12,0:09:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but bits of comedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.90,0:09:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the writers' room, the burstiness\Ndoesn't just happen by accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.74,0:09:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked Trevor Noah about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.61,0:09:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: So, when I'm in a writers' room,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.14,0:09:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are two things\Nthat are happening in my head.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.66,0:09:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, I'm looking at what we're going\Nto be doing on the show that day,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.06,0:09:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two, I'm thinking\Nabout the room as a comedy room
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.67,0:09:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much laughter\Nit is imbued with in that moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.44,0:09:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know it's extremely superstitious
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.67,0:09:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no one can ever prove it\Nor not disprove it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.92,0:10:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I believe that laughter is absorbed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.38,0:10:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like secondhand cigarette smoke
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.79,0:10:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the very fabric\Nof who we are as human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.92,0:10:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Watching you in the room this morning,\NI was intrigued by a few things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.49,0:10:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, I expected a big change\Nwhen you walked in,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.04,0:10:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there wasn't a lot that was different,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.14,0:10:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a sign to me that you've made it\Nincredibly psychologically safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.70,0:10:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: People are not afraid of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.44,0:10:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Oh, in the room. Oh, that's funny.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.56,0:10:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: They're not freaked out\Nthat you walked in,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.84,0:10:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're still pitching\Nsome pretty half-baked jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.94,0:10:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's called psychological safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.76,0:10:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where you can take risks\Nwithout feeling afraid.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.46,0:10:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without that sense of safety,\Ncreative bursts don't happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.58,0:10:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People censor themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.37,0:10:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Well, I always believed\Nthat in any relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.35,0:10:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is someone who is in charge,\Nwhether it's in a family, with a parent,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.26,0:10:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether it's a teacher,\Nwhether it's a boss in a work environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.33,0:11:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really what brings out the best in people\Nin my opinion is a mutual respect.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.17,0:11:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I trust that my writers are trying\Nto help me make the best show,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.29,0:11:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they trust that I want\Nto make the funniest show.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.81,0:11:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's taken a long time, but now,\Nwhen I when I walk into a meeting,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.44,0:11:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm walking into\Na continuing conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.12,0:11:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Building psychological\Nsafety takes time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.92,0:11:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something you create\Na little every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.36,0:11:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see it in small moments.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.65,0:11:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was one that caught my eye\Nin the writers' room.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.31,0:11:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: I'm saying that joke you pitched,\Nit was so good, like, even in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.52,0:11:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: That was great, that went well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.31,0:11:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Did you catch that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.57,0:11:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor just said that his head writer\NZhubin pitched a good joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.18,0:11:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: I'm a funny guy. I write good jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.61,0:11:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The whole idea of burstiness\Nis that when the group has momentum,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.54,0:11:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want it to keep going.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.56,0:11:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wonder why Trevor interrupted it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.81,0:11:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Is that a conscious\Neffort on your part
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.94,0:11:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to praise somebody in front of the group?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.97,0:11:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or does that happen spontaneously?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.75,0:11:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: I think that's a subconscious thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.72,0:12:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I've always believed\Nin crediting people where credit is due.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.65,0:12:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially when you're working\Nin an environment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.98,0:12:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where all of the praise is bound\Nto be aimed towards myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.35,0:12:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if something's amazing on the show,\NTrevor gets the credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.61,0:12:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If something's horrible on the show,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.42,0:12:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor gets the credit\Nas well, or the blame.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.78,0:12:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so I think it just moves people\Nforward as human beings
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.34,0:12:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that we are acknowledged\Nin whatever we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.12,0:12:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: When you're in a creative\Ngroup that's bursting,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.61,0:12:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to lose track of who said what
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.93,0:12:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether your input even matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.32,0:12:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Daniel.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.49,0:12:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR: It's such a blender,\Nlike, all this material gets put in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.66,0:12:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you end up with this kind of\Ncomedy smoothie at the end
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.49,0:12:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tastes delicious,\Nbut you might not be able to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.25,0:12:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, that's my strawberry\Nthat was in there."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.43,0:12:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do kind of all understand\Nthat most jokes don't make it to air,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.40,0:12:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially not as they were\Noriginally conceived.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.06,0:12:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: It may not be the joke that you made\Nthat ends up going on TV,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.18,0:12:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it could be the joke\Nthat makes you feel a certain way
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.02,0:12:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gets you to the joke\Nthat you put on TV,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.06,0:13:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so there was a line\NI thought of yesterday
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.36,0:13:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Roy Moore accusations,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.99,0:13:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Sean Hannity came out to defend him.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.13,0:13:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Sean Hannity has a season\Nticket to the wrong side of history."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.90,0:13:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it just made me giggle.\NLike, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.90,0:13:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I was just like,\N"Yeah, I'm going to say that."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.82,0:13:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so if your day is punctuated with joy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.29,0:13:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that joy will manifest itself\Nin the final product that is the show.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.57,0:13:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: We'll be back with more\Nfrom Trevor and The Daily Show
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.37,0:13:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the break.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.59,0:13:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is going to be\Na different kind of ad.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.76,0:13:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the spirit of exploring\Ncreative ideas at work,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.31,0:13:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to take you inside\NWarby Parker, our sponsor.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.40,0:13:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.70,0:13:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Warby Parker's Neil Blumenthal\Nand Dave Gilboa have a lot in common.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.69,0:13:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neil Blumenthal: You might not\Nbe able to tell us apart by our voices,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.09,0:13:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... but I'm Neil.\NDave Gilboa: And I'm Dave.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.24,0:13:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: That didn't help at all.\NBut I appreciate your trying.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.02,0:13:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.52,0:13:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Yep, they sound alike,\Nthey went to the same school,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.82,0:13:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have the same friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.40,0:14:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they also have the same job.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.50,0:14:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neil and Dave are the co-CEOs\Nof Warby Parker,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.35,0:14:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a billion-dollar company\Nthat's made buying eyeglasses cool again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.23,0:14:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've always been fascinated\Nwith dynamic duos like Neil and Dave.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.47,0:14:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only do they run the company together,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.49,0:14:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but their collaborative leadership\Nspreads throughout the culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.62,0:14:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ability to work across teams,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.40,0:14:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from product to customer\Nservice to retail,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.02,0:14:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been key to Warby Parker's success.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.65,0:14:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sat down with them\Nat headquarters in New York
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.91,0:14:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about what it's like\Nbeing the boss together.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.70,0:14:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.49,0:14:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The obvious metaphor\Nfor a co-CEO relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.50,0:14:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a married couple,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.53,0:14:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you both talk about it\Na little bit more in terms of parenting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.85,0:14:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: You know, I think that's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.69,0:14:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With parenting,\Nyou need a philosophy, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.28,0:14:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need a vision for what you want\Nyour children to grow up to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.54,0:14:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DG: It also makes the highs higher,\Nbeing able to celebrate wins,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.74,0:14:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it makes the lows higher,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.18,0:15:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in being able to blunt some\Nof the frustrating parts that come up.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.57,0:15:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: We also at times\Nwill play different roles,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.95,0:15:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like in a negotiation,\Nthere might be good cop, bad cop.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.90,0:15:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having a two-year-old\Nand six-year-old, I know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.78,0:15:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rachel and I often do that as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.19,0:15:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: What's it like to lead\Na company with an old friend?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.84,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: You know, often I'm talking\Nto other founders and CEOs,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.02,0:15:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll often speak\Nto a loneliness of the role,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.92,0:15:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've never felt that way,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.88,0:15:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the best things\Nabout having a partner
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.99,0:15:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you can just look at each other\Nand laugh and crack up.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.72,0:15:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the situations\Nare really difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.44,0:15:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others are just absurd,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.34,0:15:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it just makes it, I think,\Na lot more enjoyable
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.26,0:15:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have somebody alongside.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.87,0:15:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: What are the top three\Npieces of advice that you would give
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.94,0:15:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to somebody who is going to lead\Nwith a fellow leader?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.06,0:15:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: Build trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.01,0:15:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communicate frequently,\Nwhich often leads to trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.61,0:16:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and work with somebody\Nthat you enjoy spending time with.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.49,0:16:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: How many hours do you think\Nyou guys have spent together
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.40,0:16:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your lifetimes?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.63,0:16:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DG: Maybe 15,000 hours?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.74,0:16:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what do they say,\Nyou need 10,000 hours
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.32,0:16:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become an expert at something?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.98,0:16:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: We're experts in each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.58,0:16:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.78,0:16:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NB: When do I get a ring?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.04,0:16:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.98,0:16:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.46,0:16:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: That was Neil Blumenthal\Nand Dave Gilboa,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.67,0:16:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,co-CEOs and cofounders of Warby Parker.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.27,0:16:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Warby Parker has tons\Nof interesting frames.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.15,0:16:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're tired of wearing contact lenses,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.32,0:16:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might want to try their monocle.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.24,0:16:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking for somewhere to start?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.90,0:16:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their free home try-on program\Nlets you select five frames
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.68,0:16:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test out for five days.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.42,0:16:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't like them,\Nyou can send them back.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.67,0:16:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try it today at warbyparker.com/TED.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.55,0:16:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.37,0:16:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: If you've ever brainstormed,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.23,0:16:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know you're supposed\Nto put criticism on hold.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.33,0:16:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let every thought fly.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.24,0:16:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no such thing as a bad idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.36,0:17:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But actually, that's a bad idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.06,0:17:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that people are more creative
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.09,0:17:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in groups where criticism is welcomed.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.35,0:17:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It raises the bar.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.48,0:17:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychological safety doesn't mean\Nthat everything is all warm and fuzzy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.55,0:17:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You still need to have standards.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.97,0:17:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At The Daily Show, the writers don't\Nlet each other get away with bad jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.10,0:17:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR: You don't shit on someone\Nfor making a bad joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.63,0:17:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, you do, but, you know ...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.69,0:17:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: What does that look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.17,0:17:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: I think light ribbing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.98,0:17:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although usually the person\Nwho made the joke
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.15,0:17:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the first to joke\Nabout how bad that joke went.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.73,0:17:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: You create safety by helping people\Nfeel comfortable laughing at themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.71,0:17:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some new experiments\Nhave shown us how to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.61,0:17:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all starts with a paperclip.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.66,0:17:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.81,0:17:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers asked, "How many new uses\Ncan you come up with for this paperclip"?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.76,0:17:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People went off to brainstorm.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.09,0:17:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Group one generated pretty typical ideas:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.00,0:17:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a ring, a bracelet, and a necklace.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.16,0:18:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But group two came up\Nwith totally unexpected uses,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.35,0:18:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a wound suture,\Nartwork and a screwdriver.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.61,0:18:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What made the difference?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.27,0:18:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first group, everyone\Njust launched into brainstorming,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.95,0:18:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the second group,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.30,0:18:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people were randomly assigned\Nto share an embarrassing story
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.22,0:18:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the brainstorm.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.04,0:18:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that simple act\Nlowered their inhibitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.78,0:18:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something they know\Nfrom experience at The Daily Show.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.20,0:18:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: I once misspoke about how,\Nin order to keep flexible,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.69,0:18:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all need to keep our hips on a swivel.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.59,0:18:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I meant we've got to keep\Nour heads on a swivel,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.12,0:18:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I said that two years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.93,0:18:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the subsequent two years,\NI've kept saying "hips on a swivel"
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.26,0:18:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everybody says that's not right.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.74,0:18:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR: I'm sorry, is "heads\Non a swivel" better?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.88,0:18:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: "Heads on a swivel"\Nis the actual term.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.65,0:18:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Nothing should ever be on a swivel.\NDR: The Exorcist.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.94,0:18:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: Regardless, every mistake you make\Nin a comedy writers' room
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.34,0:18:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually becomes a bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.60,0:19:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that only helps foster\Nthe creativity about the place.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.34,0:19:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like if we'll take the bad things\Nyou said and we'll make fun of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.75,0:19:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes everyone a bit more\Nlighthearted about speaking up.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.08,0:19:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: So I've been having fun\Ntalking to the writers
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.50,0:19:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about safety and burstiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.87,0:19:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I can't stop thinking about the clock.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.82,0:19:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're about three hours away from taping.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.52,0:19:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though I'm not working on the show,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.93,0:19:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm starting to feel a little stressed\Nabout the deadline.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.94,0:19:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked Kat and Colleen\Nif they are freaking out.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.87,0:19:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Does it ever hit you how crazy that is
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.02,0:19:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you started at 9am and you're\Ngoing to have a show by the evening?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.47,0:19:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: It is crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.22,0:19:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I had this job, I used to think\N"How do they do it every day,"
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.51,0:19:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now you're like, "I get it."
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.15,0:19:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's enough people\Nwho are very good at what they do
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.76,0:19:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they make it happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.43,0:19:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is. It's very fast-paced ...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.02,0:19:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: But this is also like a factory\Nthat's been here for a really long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.89,0:19:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: A factory?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.07,0:19:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: It's an extremely well-oiled machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.12,0:19:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: We also make shoes here.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.73,0:19:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.76,0:20:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: We all have an incredibly\Nprecise contribution to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.60,0:20:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know how long you have to do it.\NYou know what the quality standards are.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.32,0:20:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what I'm saying?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.76,0:20:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Yeah. No one seems stressed at all.\NPeople are just kind of chill, smiling.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.61,0:20:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that how it always is?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.34,0:20:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: I think it depends on the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.100,0:20:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the most part I feel like\Neveryone's usually pretty chill,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.17,0:20:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you never feel like,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.56,0:20:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, this is coming down to me."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.13,0:20:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You always know that there's\Ngoing to be someone else to help you out.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.58,0:20:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: Yeah, feeling, like, loose,\Nand a sense of possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.96,0:20:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is always just a better place\Nto operate from creatively, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.12,0:20:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so even if you get that little twinkle\Nof anxiety or whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.66,0:20:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside of yourself,\Nit just works better to go like,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.26,0:20:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know what?\NI'm an ever-rushing river."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.49,0:20:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's corny, but it works\Nfor me, so I do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.95,0:20:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The relaxed atmosphere\Nfrees them up for creative bursts.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.24,0:20:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also have the security of knowing
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.15,0:20:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their days are meticulously\Nplanned and organized.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.39,0:20:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there's structure everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.88,0:21:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what The Daily Show has done,\Nconsciously or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.19,0:21:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is build task bubbles into each day.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.82,0:21:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.42,0:21:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Task bubbles.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.69,0:21:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think of a time\Nwhen you've walked into a meeting
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.39,0:21:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tried to jump into the discussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.52,0:21:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you couldn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.95,0:21:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It felt kind of like\Nthere was a force field
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.14,0:21:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you just bounced off of.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.07,0:21:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a task bubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.69,0:21:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people are totally\Nabsorbed in a common project.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.12,0:21:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It keeps the group focused.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.14,0:21:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That way, everyone can build\Non each other's ideas and bursts.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.01,0:21:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Task bubbles give the writers\Nand producers the space they need
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.56,0:21:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hone and refine their ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.76,0:21:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without these protected hours\Nfor collaboration,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.10,0:21:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd all be working\Nat different times, out of sync.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.98,0:21:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: Once the writers\Nare being sent off to write,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.73,0:21:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have, usually,\Ntwo uninterrupted hours
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.79,0:21:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think through what the structure\Nof it's going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.43,0:21:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with respect to the guidelines\Nwe've laid out, to add their jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.14,0:21:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only time I interrupt is when\Nthere's been a significant change
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.74,0:21:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor has called for
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.27,0:21:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or news is broken that requires\Nan immediate edit.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.12,0:22:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Too much structure\Ncan inhibit creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.58,0:22:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but so can too little structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.99,0:22:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you agree together on some rules\Nfor when and how to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.71,0:22:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can focus all your energy\Non doing the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.34,0:22:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are Jen Flanz and Steve Bodow,\Nthe executive producers.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.86,0:22:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jen Flanz: There is a myth\Nthat when you're working at a comedy show
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.12,0:22:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's all fun all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.02,0:22:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are bouncing\Na ping pong ball off the wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.41,0:22:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's fun, but it's run\Nlike a newsroom, a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.37,0:22:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve Bodow: Planning and structure:\Nit sounds like it's rigid,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.75,0:22:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's actually what gives you\Nthe freedom to find
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.90,0:22:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creative discoveries\Nthat will make the thing sing.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.56,0:22:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Because of course, creativity\Ndoesn't really start with a blank page.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.56,0:22:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It begins with some raw material.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.67,0:22:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In The Daily Show's case,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.95,0:22:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the news clips they play\Nin the morning meeting.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.52,0:22:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Segment producers have already\Nreviewed hours of footage
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.25,0:22:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and selected the most promising clips.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.78,0:22:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once everyone is agreed on the headlines,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.78,0:22:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the writers know the first act\Nwill be seven to 12 minutes long,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.89,0:22:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the second should be\Nfour to seven minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.94,0:22:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they know exactly\Nhow much time they have to write.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.64,0:23:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I drag Dan Amira and David Kibukka\Nout of their task bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.20,0:23:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're two writers working\Nto turn the morning riffs
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.71,0:23:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a polished segment.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.31,0:23:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Kibukka: So sometimes\Nyou have it in your head
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.78,0:23:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that everybody's saying\Nthe greatest jokes all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.43,0:23:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when you realize that, no --
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.25,0:23:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dan Amira: Most of the jokes\Nare just pure garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.98,0:23:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DK: Then you're like,\N"Let me add to this garbage as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.77,0:23:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hopefully by taping time,\Nwe would have removed it
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.39,0:23:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and replaced it with something wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.61,0:23:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cause the first draft\Nis not meant to be the last draft.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.72,0:23:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: That's why\Nthey call it the first draft.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.85,0:23:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DK: Yeah, that was a big part\Nof the naming process.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.65,0:23:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: OK, structure and safety\Nhelp with burstiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.71,0:23:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you also need the right mix\Nof people in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:40.72,0:23:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And judging creative talent is hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.37,0:23:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take one of my favorite studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.40,0:23:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hollywood producers\Nliked screenplays better
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.22,0:23:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the writers presented themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.05,0:23:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as hip artists or savvy marketers.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.48,0:23:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Writers who wore funky glasses\Nactually seemed to get an advantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.21,0:24:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Daily Show doesn't want to be swayed\Nby those kinds of stereotypes.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.74,0:24:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to pick\Nthe most creative writers,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.46,0:24:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and executive producers Jen and Steve\Nhave a process for doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.32,0:24:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JF: That's his baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.60,0:24:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SB: Yeah, that's something\NI started probably in 2008.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.100,0:24:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The inspiration came from something\Npowerful that happened in orchestras:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.62,0:24:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blind auditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.97,0:24:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR: We blindfold them
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.15,0:24:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring them to a secure location.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.74,0:24:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Maybe not like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.23,0:24:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.24,0:24:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For years, American symphonies\Nwere dominated by men.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.23,0:24:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1970s, a typical ensemble\Nhad nine men for every woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.60,0:24:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supposedly women weren't talented enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.75,0:24:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by the 1990s, the gap closed\Nto less than two to one.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.72,0:24:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A huge reason that happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.67,0:24:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The industry introduced blind auditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.26,0:24:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where candidates played\Nfrom behind a curtain.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.24,0:24:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once the evaluators couldn't see\Nwhether a performer was a man or a woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.36,0:24:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their biases were neutralized.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.49,0:25:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They focused solely\Non the quality of the music,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.19,0:25:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as they should've known all along,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.11,0:25:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the women were\Njust as excellent as the men.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.33,0:25:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, The Daily Show\Nhas a similar approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.24,0:25:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SB: It was an effort to hopefully\Ndiversify in another important way
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.91,0:25:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the show -- not on camera\Nbut in the writers' room.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.10,0:25:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd always get submissions from writers\Nwith their names on them,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.96,0:25:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oftentimes, they may be\Nsomeone you knew, or a friend of a friend.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.61,0:25:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to take that ingredient\Nout of it, we said,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.80,0:25:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What if we just number them?"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.96,0:25:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: The first time they tried\Nblind submissions,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.23,0:25:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they hired three new writers,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.88,0:25:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two were women.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.82,0:25:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon, they hired more people of color,\Nand writers from outside America, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.63,0:25:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by the time Trevor joined the show,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.26,0:25:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was working with\Na diverse cast and crew,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.92,0:25:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was a priority for him\Nto continue diversifying from every angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.19,0:25:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at first, he wasn't sure\Nhow to bring in his own background
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.21,0:25:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a South African.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.67,0:26:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: I got so swept up in people\Nsaying I was an outsider
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.79,0:26:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I forgot that most of us\Nare outsiders.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.62,0:26:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just depends on where\Nwe're looking in or out from.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.39,0:26:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Diverse backgrounds and perspectives\Nhelp with creative bursts,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.66,0:26:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't always realize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.95,0:26:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When everyone in a group is the same race,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.32,0:26:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do worse at creative problem-solving\Nbut they think they do better,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.65,0:26:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're more comfortable.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.75,0:26:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diverse groups are more creative.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.95,0:26:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just because they have access\Nto a wider range of ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.62,0:26:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They feel more uncomfortable,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.87,0:26:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that discomfort motivates them\Nto do extra preparation
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.54,0:26:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share new information.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.38,0:26:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Trump as an African dictator\Nwill always be one of my favorites,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.66,0:26:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was the first\Nmoment on the show
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.73,0:26:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people thought\Nthat I might have a chance.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.02,0:26:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: That segment Trevor's talking about?\NIt came out of his own experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.57,0:26:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: It was the first segment\Nwhere I realized that my uniqueness
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.22,0:26:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be used as a skill,\Nas opposed to a hindrance.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.93,0:26:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My president also didn't release\Nhis tax returns,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.53,0:26:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hasn't released them\Nfor the time he was president.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.00,0:27:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, my president\Nalso has friendships with the Russians
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.58,0:27:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are shady at best.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.09,0:27:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In creating the show, I've now realized\Nthat I can create within the show
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.51,0:27:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a feeling of outsiderness,\Nwhich is generally a curiosity,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.50,0:27:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is a willingness to learn of\Na world that you do not know much about,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.29,0:27:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I try and take\Nthe show into that sphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.65,0:27:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Ambient rap music)
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.37,0:27:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: At this point in the day,\Nthe writers and producers
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.98,0:27:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have come back together for rehearsal.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.28,0:27:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor's in his suit, the lights are up.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.92,0:27:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks just like I've seen it on TV.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.51,0:27:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, it's time\Nto try out all the jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.63,0:27:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trevor's delivering them\Nfor the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.04,0:27:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weaving in his own\Nimpressions of Roy Moore.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.07,0:27:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Let's kick off the show\Nwith something light.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.44,0:27:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alabama GOP Senate candidate\NRoy Moore and his escalating sex scandal.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.40,0:27:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm especially curious\Nwhat pick-up lines Roy Moore used.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.12,0:27:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you tired? Because you\Nhave been running away from me all day.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.95,0:27:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.35,0:27:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a cute dress.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.89,0:28:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will look even better outside\Nof this Tabloids Kids. Talbots Kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.81,0:28:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GK: Gap Kids. TN: Gap Kids?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.88,0:28:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have a coupon?\NBecause my pants are 50 percent off.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.01,0:28:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.82,0:28:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: Yesterday, a new accuser,\NBeverly Young Nelson,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.26,0:28:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came forward to say\Nhe sexually assaulted her
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.43,0:28:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she was a 16-year-old\Nworking part-time at a local restaurant,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.40,0:28:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he still says he is innocent.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.55,0:28:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't know that restaurant,\Nor any other restaurant for that matter."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:24.96,0:28:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I never ingested food.\NI don't even have a mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.05,0:28:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Mimics sound of speaking\Nwith one's mouth closed)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.48,0:28:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.15,0:28:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel like Moore\Nwould still deny everything
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.34,0:28:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if there was a picture of him\Nat the restaurant
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.90,0:28:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for winning a pancake-eating contest.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.92,0:28:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: At the end of every rehearsal,\Nthe writers and producers swarm the set.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.77,0:28:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DK: Sometimes you'll have\Na script where you're like,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.34,0:28:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This script is magic. We don't\Neven need to -- why are we rehearsing?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.26,0:28:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guys! Why are we rehearsing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.89,0:28:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you go to rehearsal,\Nand you're like,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.29,0:28:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Does anyone have any other ideas?"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.30,0:29:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: And right now, it looks like\Nthe creative team has some feedback.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.82,0:29:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: I think we need to rewrite\Nsome of these jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.26,0:29:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the last one, "I feel like Moore,\Neven if there's a picture of him
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.63,0:29:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the restaurant winning\Na pancake contest," it's not jokey.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.31,0:29:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SB: It needs a coat of rewrite on it,\Nbut it's structurally fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.59,0:29:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ZP: A total rewrite?\NTN: A coat of rewrites.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.78,0:29:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SB: We need to throw it out\Nand do something different.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.53,0:29:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: A rewrite? Seriously?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.29,0:29:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought it was pretty funny,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.94,0:29:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the writers and producers\Nweren't satisfied.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.55,0:29:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They only have about an hour\Nto work on their final material,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.89,0:29:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm left to wonder\Nwhat's going on behind closed doors.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.76,0:29:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: There's a satanic ritual ... No.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.26,0:29:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: There's a rewrite room,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.18,0:29:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is pretty much just, like, Trevor,\Nhead writer, producers.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.93,0:29:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CW: It's a very small room.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.32,0:29:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's like eight or nine people\Nkind of crammed in there.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.19,0:29:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: Pants are optional.\NCW: Healthy snacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.29,0:29:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KR: Going through\Nthe whole script top to bottom
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.60,0:29:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just making sure everything's\Nas punchy and strong as it can be.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:55.83,0:29:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Now it's out of their hands,\Nand the show goes live.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.93,0:30:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Trevor on air, skewering Roy Moore.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.02,0:30:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TN: This guy, he's a legend.\NHe's a legend.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.92,0:30:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost like his past self\Nis snitching on his future self.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.96,0:30:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.02,0:30:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because everything he denies,\Nhe already pre-confessed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.17,0:30:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, now I want him to be like,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.79,0:30:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I definitely never\Nsat down at that restaurant."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.20,0:30:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Really? This booth\Nhas your name carved into it."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.31,0:30:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I never ate anything there."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.04,0:30:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Your picture's on the wall,\Nfor the pancake-eating contest."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.82,0:30:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, I don't know how this whole thing\Nis going to end up, but as of now,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.41,0:30:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both the Senate and House\NRepublican leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.68,0:30:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have called on Roy Moore to step down.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.59,0:30:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it looks like he might be\Nexpelled from the Senate,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.33,0:30:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if he wins the election.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.05,0:30:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'm not saying\Nhe's not a good fit for the Senate,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.16,0:30:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but 40 years ago, he wrote in a yearbook,\N"I'm not good for the Senate."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.94,0:30:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.05,0:30:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll be right back.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.31,0:30:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.38,0:30:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Trevor and his creative team\Ndo this day in and day out.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.30,0:30:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After watching them make a whole show,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.35,0:30:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's clear that these people\Nknow each other remarkably well.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.22,0:31:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know who will have\Na funny take on each topic,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.99,0:31:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which writers to pair together,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.85,0:31:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which producers have the best\Nexpertise on each segment,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.74,0:31:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who can straighten out a messy script.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.19,0:31:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Steve.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.52,0:31:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SB: Because we have\Nso many shows to do, 160 a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.58,0:31:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is not a hell of a lot of time
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.70,0:31:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for taking retreats
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.76,0:31:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or doing dry runs of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.85,0:31:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way you do new process,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.57,0:31:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the way that you get people\Nto work together,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.05,0:31:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by making a show\Nand making another show
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.08,0:31:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then making another show.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.10,0:31:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: Groups aren't always\Nbad for creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.04,0:31:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we've just\Nstudied them the wrong way.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.54,0:31:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.88,0:31:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've rarely tracked groups\Nthat have created safety and structure
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.30,0:31:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over years of working together.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.06,0:31:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no matter how good you get\Nat finding the right people,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.30,0:31:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want a group\Nto have creative bursts,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.46,0:31:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what matters most is the time you spend\Ngetting to know each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.86,0:31:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a twist on the idea that 10,000 hours\Nof practice helps you become an expert.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.25,0:32:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally, we think that means\Npracticing a skill solo,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.24,0:32:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if group creativity is your goal,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.34,0:32:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe you should be practicing together.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.51,0:32:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we should take groups\Nmore seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.80,0:32:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an essential unit of creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.56,0:32:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of looking\Nfor creative individuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.00,0:32:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we hired intact creative groups?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.92,0:32:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And instead of promoting\Nindividual superstars,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.56,0:32:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we promoted entire teams?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.28,0:32:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the best creative groups\Naren't just the sum of their parts,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.44,0:32:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're the sum\Nof their shared experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.05,0:32:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.92,0:32:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WorkLife is hosted by me, Adam Grant.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.56,0:32:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The show is produced by TED
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.90,0:32:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Transmitter Media\Nand Pineapple Street Media.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.71,0:32:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our team includes\NColin Helms, Gretta Cohen,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.46,0:32:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dan O'Donnell, Angela Cheng and Janet Lee.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.55,0:32:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This episode was produced\Nby Gabrielle Lewis.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.18,0:32:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our show is mixed by David Herman\Nwith help from Dan Dzula.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.42,0:32:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Original music by Hahnsdale Hsu.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.89,0:32:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Special thanks to our sponsors,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.73,0:33:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Warby Parker, Accenture,\NBonobos and JPMorgan Chase.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:01.68,0:33:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next time on WorkLife,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.94,0:33:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to Indiana\Nto meet the Butler Bulldogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.36,0:33:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a basketball team with a weird way\Nof building a culture
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.17,0:33:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beating the odds.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.44,0:33:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man: I had those five guys in my office,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.85,0:33:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, my biggest,\Nmost daunting task was,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.05,0:33:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do you choose captain?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.70,0:33:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I brought them all in, and I just said,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.71,0:33:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hey, we've got 12 guys on the team,\Nbut all five of you are captains.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.10,0:33:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So 40 percent of our team were captains.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.10,0:33:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the one thing,\NAdam, I didn't want do?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.46,0:33:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want to disempower one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.40,0:33:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AG: That's next time on WorkLife.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.04,0:33:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for listening,\Nand if you like what you hear,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:33.75,0:33:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would all really appreciate it\Nif you could rate and review the show.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.17,0:33:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It helps other people find us.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:39.25,0:33:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See you next week.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.43,0:33:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)