- Hello there everyone,

and welcome back to the Mr Sinn Channel.

Over the last two topic review videos,

we've been talking a lot about personality

and how it's formed.

Today we're gonna be
reviewing unit 7, topic 7

of AP Psychology.

As we turn our view over to behaviorism

and social cognitive
theories of personality.

To understand how our
personality is formed,

we can look at our past

to see what behaviors have
been reinforced with rewards

and which behaviors were punished.

By understanding our past,

we're able to see our
personality is formed.

Individuals such as Julian
Rotter help us understand

how our personality is shaped

from a behaviorist point of view.

Rotter believed that our
personality developed over time.

He thought there had to be more

than just punishment and rewards.

Rotter thought that we learned

from what to expect from
different situations.

Our behavior is then determined
based on our expectations

and based on how much we are invested

or care about an outcome.

This is known as Rotter's
Expectancy Theory.

The idea that we can control our outcome

is referred to as locus of control.

A concept we last talked
about in our unit 4 video.

Remember, we have an
internal locus control

and an external locus of control.

External locus of control
are different outside factors

that impact us and could
determine our fate or outcome.

These are factors that
we could not control

and are out of our hands.

For example, how individuals
at school treat you

or the amount of money
that your family has.

While internal locus of control

is how we control and impact our own fate.

For example, if you study hard,

you can do well on a test.

You control how much you study.

When we have a high
internal locus of control,

we believe that we can
control our situation.

If there's a high
external locus of control,

then we don't believe

that we could impact the
results of a situation.

Another behaviorist was Bandura.

We've talked about him
multiple times already.

He believed that it wasn't
just our environment

that impacted and shaped our personality,

that there are actually multiple factors

that shaped an individual's personality.

This became known as Bandura's
social learning theory.

This theory consists of
observational learning,

self-efficacy, and reciprocal determinism.

Observational learning is when
we observe certain behaviors

or actions and then
attempt to replicate them.

While self-efficacy is our belief

in our ability to do something
and be successful at it.

Remember, our self-efficacy is different

from our confidence and self-esteem.

Self-efficacy is our belief in ourselves

to complete a specific task.

While self-esteem is what
we think about ourselves

and our confidence level is

how we overall think about our ability.

Lastly, remember that
reciprocal determinism

looks at an individual's
environment, behavior,

and an individual's feelings and belief

and how they're influencing each other

and impact one another.

For example, say you are a risk taker

and you enjoy doing challenging tasks.

We can see that risk taking behavior

will lead you to try out
different sports or activities

that are more risky or physical.

For example, maybe you decide
to take on rock climbing.

Now we can see your behaviors
are impacting your environment

as you're going to be putting yourself

in more risky or challenging environments

where you might meet others
who have similar behaviors.

As you talk and get to know other people,

they'll start to influence
your thoughts and beliefs.

You can see how all these different things

and different factors can
influence one another.

All right, now comes the time to practice

what we have learned.

Answer the questions on the screen

and check your answers in the
comments section down below.

As always, if you found
value in this video,

consider subscribing

and check out the ultimate review packet.

It's a great resource
that'll help you get an A

in your class and a 5
on the national exam.

Thank you so much for watching.

I'm Mr. Sinn, and I will
see you next time online.

(gentle music)