1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,367
[MUSIC PLAYING]

2
00:00:09,620 --> 00:00:11,600
For this flower dissection,
we're using a lily

3
00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:14,570
because it's a really large flower
that's got really obvious and very

4
00:00:14,570 --> 00:00:15,800
distinct reproductive parts.

5
00:00:18,310 --> 00:00:20,060
Now the first thing
that we're going to do

6
00:00:20,060 --> 00:00:22,190
is remove this outer layer here.

7
00:00:22,190 --> 00:00:24,642
These are the parts
known as the sepals.

8
00:00:24,642 --> 00:00:26,600
And you can see there,
they are the first thing

9
00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:29,585
that comes out at the top
of the stem of the flower.

10
00:00:29,585 --> 00:00:32,816
[MUSIC PLAYING]

11
00:00:34,780 --> 00:00:36,785
We can see here on
this diagram, there

12
00:00:36,785 --> 00:00:38,410
is the stem, the
receptacle at the top.

13
00:00:38,410 --> 00:00:41,290
And the sepals are sticking out
either side, and they're in green.

14
00:00:41,290 --> 00:00:43,248
The petals are above
them, and they're brightly

15
00:00:43,248 --> 00:00:44,740
colored to attract insects.

16
00:00:44,740 --> 00:00:48,550
Here you can see the sepals are
green on the bud of the flower.

17
00:00:48,550 --> 00:00:51,010
But in the earlier stages
of it starting to bloom,

18
00:00:51,010 --> 00:00:53,140
they are the same
color as the petals.

19
00:00:53,140 --> 00:00:56,110
So in this particular species,
the petals and the sepals

20
00:00:56,110 --> 00:00:59,330
look almost identical.

21
00:00:59,330 --> 00:01:01,330
Now that we've removed
a few sepals and petals,

22
00:01:01,330 --> 00:01:04,700
we can see much more clearly what's
on the inside of this flower.

23
00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:06,340
And you can see on
this one that we've

24
00:01:06,340 --> 00:01:08,920
got both the male and the
female reproductive parts,

25
00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:10,420
which have been produced at once.

26
00:01:10,420 --> 00:01:11,962
At the base of the
petals here, we've

27
00:01:11,962 --> 00:01:15,430
got this sticky sugar-containing
fluid, and this is known as nectar.

28
00:01:15,430 --> 00:01:17,770
And it's there to
attract insects, which

29
00:01:17,770 --> 00:01:19,480
are necessary for pollination.

30
00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:25,750
Let's take a closer look now
at the male reproductive part

31
00:01:25,750 --> 00:01:26,350
of the flower.

32
00:01:26,350 --> 00:01:28,540
This part is known as the stamen.

33
00:01:28,540 --> 00:01:32,710
And the stamen contains the anther,
supported by a stringy thing called

34
00:01:32,710 --> 00:01:34,610
the filament.

35
00:01:34,610 --> 00:01:36,790
The job of the anthers
is to produce pollen.

36
00:01:36,790 --> 00:01:40,030
The anthers produce the
male gametes of the flower.

37
00:01:40,030 --> 00:01:43,000
In the earlier stages of
blooming of the flower,

38
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:45,940
you can see the pollen starting
to burst out of the anthers.

39
00:01:45,940 --> 00:01:48,580
But once the flower's
more mature, they're

40
00:01:48,580 --> 00:01:51,550
a lot more exposed and readily
released from the anthers.

41
00:01:51,550 --> 00:01:55,210
And you can see these coming
off here as a sort of dust.

42
00:01:55,210 --> 00:01:57,340
We can put this onto
a microscope slide,

43
00:01:57,340 --> 00:02:01,000
and then put it under the lens to
have a little closer look at it.

44
00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:03,820
And you'll be able to see the
individual pollen grains that have

45
00:02:03,820 --> 00:02:05,112
been released from the anthers.

46
00:02:08,690 --> 00:02:11,540
Next, let's have a look at
the female reproductive part

47
00:02:11,540 --> 00:02:12,380
of the flower.

48
00:02:12,380 --> 00:02:13,982
At the bottom here is the ovary.

49
00:02:13,982 --> 00:02:16,190
This is the slightly large,
inflated part, which will

50
00:02:16,190 --> 00:02:18,110
go on to develop into the fruit.

51
00:02:18,110 --> 00:02:19,680
Above that is the style.

52
00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:22,130
And at the top of the
style here is the stigma.

53
00:02:22,130 --> 00:02:24,005
And this is where
the pollen must land.

54
00:02:26,510 --> 00:02:30,525
In the diagram here, you can see the
carpel with the ovary at the bottom

55
00:02:30,525 --> 00:02:32,400
and the style above it
and the stigma on top.

56
00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:34,040
This is the female
part of the flower.

57
00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:36,920
And inside of the
ovary are the ovules.

58
00:02:36,920 --> 00:02:40,550
Here we've got the female gametes.

59
00:02:40,550 --> 00:02:42,635
We can now cut into
the ovary so that we

60
00:02:42,635 --> 00:02:44,510
can get a little bit of
a closer look of what

61
00:02:44,510 --> 00:02:45,760
this looks like on the inside.

62
00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:48,812
[MUSIC PLAYING]

63
00:02:57,380 --> 00:02:58,630
We've cut off the outer layer.

64
00:02:58,630 --> 00:03:00,310
And now we'll cut off
a little section of it

65
00:03:00,310 --> 00:03:01,727
so that we can have a closer look.

66
00:03:01,727 --> 00:03:05,125
[MUSIC PLAYING]

67
00:03:14,550 --> 00:03:16,110
On the inside of
the ovary, we've got

68
00:03:16,110 --> 00:03:19,590
lots and lots and lots of these
absolutely tiny, little ovules.

69
00:03:19,590 --> 00:03:21,690
We really need to see
them under a microscope

70
00:03:21,690 --> 00:03:22,860
to get a good view of them.

71
00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:29,310
So that's the entire
structure of the flower,

72
00:03:29,310 --> 00:03:32,490
with the sepals coming out of
the receptacle at the base,

73
00:03:32,490 --> 00:03:35,730
the petals above them, which are
there to attract insects, which

74
00:03:35,730 --> 00:03:37,200
is why they're brightly colored.

75
00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,660
The female system is
known as the carpel, which

76
00:03:39,660 --> 00:03:42,870
contains the ovary at the
bottom with ovules inside of it,

77
00:03:42,870 --> 00:03:45,120
the style above that, and
the stigma at the top.

78
00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:47,670
And the stigma is the place
that receives the pollen.

79
00:03:47,670 --> 00:03:50,190
The male part is known
as the stamen, which

80
00:03:50,190 --> 00:03:53,820
consists of anthers at the top of
it and the filament beneath it,

81
00:03:53,820 --> 00:03:54,630
supporting it.

82
00:03:54,630 --> 00:03:57,980
[MUSIC PLAYING]