WEBVTT

00:00:00.550 --> 00:00:02.250
Azok számára, akik csak most kezdenek

00:00:02.250 --> 00:00:04.700
megismerkedni Kína

00:00:04.700 --> 00:00:07.000
XX. század eleji törénelmével,

00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:09.750
kissé zavarosnak tűnhet az egész.

00:00:09.750 --> 00:00:13.040
Ennek a videónak az tehát a célja, hogy áttekintést,

00:00:13.040 --> 00:00:17.070
egyfajta keretet adjon Kína XX. századi történelmének

00:00:17.070 --> 00:00:19.980
első feléről.

00:00:19.980 --> 00:00:22.680
Ahogy elérkeztünk az 1900-as évek elejéhez

00:00:22.680 --> 00:00:27.390
a régi kínai uralkodóházak ideje leáldozott.

00:00:27.390 --> 00:00:28.380
És ez nagy dolog.

00:00:28.380 --> 00:00:31.510
Kínát különféle uralkodó családok irányították

00:00:31.510 --> 00:00:34.670
több ezer évre visszamenőleg.

00:00:34.670 --> 00:00:38.340
De ahogy beköszöntenek az 1900-as évek, és ez az uralom,

00:00:38.340 --> 00:00:43.190
főleg a Csing-dinasztia egyre gyengül.

00:00:43.190 --> 00:00:45.670
Megsínylette a japánok kezét

00:00:45.670 --> 00:00:50.310
az első japán-kínai háború alatt az 1800-as évek végén.

00:00:50.310 --> 00:00:53.290
Egyre növekedett az elégedetlenség

00:00:53.290 --> 00:00:55.400
az uralkodóház ellenfelei körében,

00:00:55.400 --> 00:00:57.440
miszerint az uralkodók nem gondoskodtak eléggé az ország modernizálásáról.

00:00:57.440 --> 00:00:59.121
Ne feledjük, az 1900-as évek elején járunk,

00:00:59.121 --> 00:01:01.370
a világ többi része egyre inkább

00:01:01.370 --> 00:01:02.110
modernizálódik.

00:01:02.110 --> 00:01:06.380
Kína az 1800-as években még a nyugait hatalmak béklyójában vergődött,

00:01:06.380 --> 00:01:10.220
amelyek a saját kormányzatuk uralmát

00:01:10.220 --> 00:01:11.210
kényszerítették rá az országra.

00:01:11.210 --> 00:01:14.480
Sokan úgy vélték, ez azért történik, mert Kína

00:01:14.480 --> 00:01:17.950
nem elég modern, gazdasági, politikai

00:01:17.950 --> 00:01:20.480
technológiai szempontból, amennyire kellene.

00:01:20.480 --> 00:01:22.860
Aztán elérkezve 1911-es évig

00:01:22.860 --> 00:01:26.220
kitör a vucsangi felkelés,

00:01:26.220 --> 00:01:30.400
amely megdönti a Csing-dinasztia uralmát.

00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:35.510
1912-re Nankingban megalakul a Kínai köztársaság.

00:01:35.510 --> 00:01:38.470
Nanking itt található, itt jött létre tehát.

00:01:38.470 --> 00:01:43.550
Természetesen a császári uralom székhelye Peking volt.

00:01:43.550 --> 00:01:45.870
A Kínai köztársaság első ideiglenes elnőke

00:01:45.870 --> 00:01:51.530
ő volt, Dr. Szun Jat-szen.

00:01:51.530 --> 00:01:53.700
Ő maga nem is vett részt

00:01:53.700 --> 00:01:55.970
a felkelésben, mely végül

00:01:55.970 --> 00:01:59.460
a Csing-dinasztia bukásához vezetett.

00:01:59.460 --> 00:02:02.660
Akkor éppen Denverben tartózkodott, Denverben, Colorado államban.

00:02:02.660 --> 00:02:05.810
De ő volt a felkeléshez vezető események

00:02:05.810 --> 00:02:07.830
egyik vezéralakja, egy olyan vezető,

00:02:07.830 --> 00:02:10.449
aki ellenzéket alkotva

00:02:10.449 --> 00:02:13.940
többször is megkísérelte megdönteni a császárok uralmát.

00:02:13.940 --> 00:02:17.090
Szun Jat-szen szövetségese volt ebben

00:02:17.090 --> 00:02:21.820
Jüan Si-kaj, a régi uralkodóház tábornoka.

00:02:21.820 --> 00:02:24.270
Neki is meg volt a maga fantasztikus története.

00:02:24.270 --> 00:02:27.600


00:02:27.600 --> 00:02:30.250


00:02:30.250 --> 00:02:33.830


00:02:33.830 --> 00:02:37.230


00:02:37.230 --> 00:02:40.740


00:02:40.740 --> 00:02:43.320


00:02:43.320 --> 00:02:48.050


00:02:48.050 --> 00:02:50.880


00:02:50.880 --> 00:02:52.450


00:02:52.450 --> 00:02:56.030


00:02:56.030 --> 00:02:58.390


00:02:58.390 --> 00:03:01.370


00:03:01.370 --> 00:03:06.990


00:03:06.990 --> 00:03:09.420


00:03:09.420 --> 00:03:13.510


00:03:13.510 --> 00:03:16.440


00:03:16.440 --> 00:03:18.240


00:03:18.240 --> 00:03:21.640


00:03:21.640 --> 00:03:25.590


00:03:25.590 --> 00:03:29.630


00:03:29.630 --> 00:03:31.960


00:03:31.960 --> 00:03:33.980


00:03:33.980 --> 00:03:37.220


00:03:37.220 --> 00:03:40.460


00:03:40.460 --> 00:03:42.130


00:03:42.130 --> 00:03:44.790


00:03:44.790 --> 00:03:47.850


00:03:47.850 --> 00:03:51.310


00:03:51.310 --> 00:03:53.040


00:03:53.040 --> 00:03:55.010


00:03:55.010 --> 00:03:57.390


00:03:57.390 --> 00:03:59.850


00:03:59.850 --> 00:04:02.440


00:04:02.440 --> 00:04:05.680


00:04:05.680 --> 00:04:09.120


00:04:09.120 --> 00:04:12.340


00:04:12.340 --> 00:04:16.510


00:04:16.510 --> 00:04:19.820


00:04:19.820 --> 00:04:23.810


00:04:23.810 --> 00:04:25.970


00:04:25.970 --> 00:04:27.540


00:04:27.540 --> 00:04:32.440


00:04:32.440 --> 00:04:38.790


00:04:38.790 --> 00:04:42.710


00:04:42.710 --> 00:04:43.550


00:04:53.790 --> 00:04:56.150


00:04:56.150 --> 00:05:00.042


00:05:00.042 --> 00:05:01.500


00:05:01.500 --> 00:05:03.166


00:05:03.166 --> 00:05:05.530


00:05:05.530 --> 00:05:09.540


00:05:09.540 --> 00:05:13.040


00:05:13.040 --> 00:05:15.050


00:05:15.050 --> 00:05:22.890


00:05:22.890 --> 00:05:24.990


00:05:24.990 --> 00:05:27.590


00:05:27.590 --> 00:05:31.540


00:05:31.540 --> 00:05:33.910


00:05:33.910 --> 00:05:36.810


00:05:36.810 --> 00:05:41.830


00:05:41.830 --> 00:05:44.890


00:05:44.890 --> 00:05:48.080


00:05:48.080 --> 00:05:50.070


00:05:50.070 --> 00:05:51.810


00:05:51.810 --> 00:05:56.010


00:05:56.010 --> 00:06:01.840


00:06:01.840 --> 00:06:02.970


00:06:02.970 --> 00:06:04.900


00:06:04.900 --> 00:06:08.470


00:06:08.470 --> 00:06:11.976


00:06:11.976 --> 00:06:13.100


00:06:13.100 --> 00:06:14.683


00:06:14.683 --> 00:06:18.110


00:06:18.110 --> 00:06:21.375


00:06:21.375 --> 00:06:23.750


00:06:23.750 --> 00:06:28.060


00:06:28.060 --> 00:06:31.330


00:06:31.330 --> 00:06:36.531


00:06:36.531 --> 00:06:37.030


00:06:37.030 --> 00:06:39.650


00:06:39.650 --> 00:06:41.550


00:06:41.550 --> 00:06:43.350


00:06:43.350 --> 00:06:46.670


00:06:46.670 --> 00:06:48.990


00:06:48.990 --> 00:06:53.210


00:06:53.210 --> 00:06:56.470


00:06:56.470 --> 00:06:58.860


00:06:58.860 --> 00:07:00.970


00:07:00.970 --> 00:07:03.400


00:07:03.400 --> 00:07:07.340


00:07:07.340 --> 00:07:16.250


00:07:16.250 --> 00:07:19.860


00:07:19.860 --> 00:07:23.960


00:07:23.960 --> 00:07:26.790


00:07:26.790 --> 00:07:29.350


00:07:29.350 --> 00:07:32.870


00:07:32.870 --> 00:07:35.130


00:07:35.130 --> 00:07:40.050


00:07:40.050 --> 00:07:43.250


00:07:43.250 --> 00:07:49.440


00:07:49.440 --> 00:07:51.780


00:07:51.780 --> 00:07:56.310


00:07:56.310 --> 00:07:58.790


00:07:58.790 --> 00:08:01.020


00:08:01.020 --> 00:08:04.640


00:08:04.640 --> 00:08:08.370


00:08:08.370 --> 00:08:11.160


00:08:11.160 --> 00:08:16.560


00:08:16.560 --> 00:08:20.510


00:08:20.510 --> 00:08:22.810


00:08:22.810 --> 00:08:25.590


00:08:25.590 --> 00:08:28.790


00:08:28.790 --> 00:08:31.410


00:08:31.410 --> 00:08:34.820


00:08:34.820 --> 00:08:38.330


00:08:38.330 --> 00:08:42.490


00:08:42.490 --> 00:08:46.060


00:08:46.060 --> 00:08:48.370


00:08:48.370 --> 00:08:50.580


00:08:50.580 --> 00:08:55.670


00:08:55.670 --> 00:08:57.580


00:08:57.580 --> 00:09:00.080


00:09:00.080 --> 00:09:02.950


00:09:02.950 --> 00:09:06.180


00:09:06.180 --> 00:09:10.140


00:09:10.140 --> 00:09:12.700


00:09:12.700 --> 00:09:16.360


00:09:16.360 --> 00:09:19.200


00:09:19.200 --> 00:09:25.210


00:09:25.210 --> 00:09:27.900


00:09:27.900 --> 00:09:30.640


00:09:30.640 --> 00:09:36.240


00:09:36.240 --> 00:09:38.530


00:09:38.530 --> 00:09:40.720


00:09:40.720 --> 00:09:45.720


00:09:45.720 --> 00:09:48.780


00:09:48.780 --> 00:09:53.140


00:09:53.140 --> 00:09:56.750


00:09:56.750 --> 00:09:59.370


00:09:59.370 --> 00:10:01.420


00:10:01.420 --> 00:10:04.880


00:10:04.880 --> 00:10:06.670


00:10:06.670 --> 00:10:08.530


00:10:08.530 --> 00:10:10.100


00:10:10.100 --> 00:10:12.260


00:10:12.260 --> 00:10:14.850


00:10:14.850 --> 00:10:18.892


00:10:18.892 --> 00:10:20.350


00:10:20.350 --> 00:10:23.964


00:10:23.964 --> 00:10:25.130


00:10:25.130 --> 00:10:28.480


00:10:28.480 --> 00:10:31.086


00:10:31.086 --> 00:10:33.800


00:10:33.800 --> 00:10:35.090


00:10:35.090 --> 00:10:37.460


00:10:37.460 --> 00:10:38.360


00:10:38.360 --> 00:10:41.070


00:10:41.070 --> 00:10:44.290


00:10:44.290 --> 00:10:46.770


00:10:46.770 --> 00:10:53.770


00:10:53.770 --> 00:10:56.570


00:10:56.570 --> 00:10:58.760


00:10:58.760 --> 00:11:02.440


00:11:02.440 --> 00:11:06.144