WEBVTT 00:00:00.550 --> 00:00:02.250 Dla tych z was, którzy dopiero zaczynają 00:00:02.250 --> 00:00:04.700 uczyć się o historii Chin 00:00:04.700 --> 00:00:07.000 z pierwszej połowy XX wieku, 00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:09.750 może być ona nieco zagmatwana. 00:00:09.750 --> 00:00:13.040 Tak więc celem tego filmu jest omówienie, 00:00:13.040 --> 00:00:17.070 przybliżenie wam ogólnego zarysu pierwszej połowy 00:00:17.070 --> 00:00:19.980 XX wieku w Chinach, 00:00:19.980 --> 00:00:22.680 Na początku XX wieku 00:00:22.680 --> 00:00:27.390 następuje koniec rządów dynastii cesarskich w Chinach. 00:00:27.390 --> 00:00:28.380 To wielkie wydarzenie. 00:00:28.380 --> 00:00:31.510 Chiny były rządzone przez różne dynastie 00:00:31.510 --> 00:00:34.670 przez wiele tysięcy lat. 00:00:34.670 --> 00:00:38.340 Ale w miarę jak wkraczamy w XX wiek, rządy dynastyczne, 00:00:38.340 --> 00:00:43.190 a konkretnie rządy dynastii Qing, stawały się coraz słabsze. 00:00:43.190 --> 00:00:45.670 Chiny znacząco ucierpiały z rąk Japończyków 00:00:45.670 --> 00:00:50.310 podczas pierwszej wojny chińsko-japońskiej pod koniec XIX wieku. 00:00:50.310 --> 00:00:53.290 Wśród opozycji narastało niezadowolenie z tego, 00:00:53.290 --> 00:00:55.400 że dynastia, że cesarze 00:00:55.400 --> 00:00:57.440 nie modernizują Chin w wystarczającym stopniu. 00:00:57.440 --> 00:00:59.121 Pamiętajmy, że jest to początek XX wieku. 00:00:59.121 --> 00:01:01.370 Reszta świata stawała się bardzo, bardzo nowoczesna. 00:01:01.370 --> 00:01:02.110 Reszta świata stawała się bardzo, bardzo nowoczesna. 00:01:02.110 --> 00:01:06.380 XIX wieku Chiny ucierpiały z rąk zachodnich potęg, 00:01:06.380 --> 00:01:10.220 które wywierały w Chinach swój własny imperialny wpływ. 00:01:10.220 --> 00:01:11.210 które wywierały w Chinach swój własny imperialny wpływ. 00:01:11.210 --> 00:01:14.480 Wielu ludzi uważało, że było to spowodowane tym, że Chiny nie były 00:01:14.480 --> 00:01:17.950 tak zmodernizowane gospodarczo, politycznie 00:01:17.950 --> 00:01:20.480 i technologicznie, jak powinny być. 00:01:20.480 --> 00:01:22.860 Przenieśmy się teraz do roku 1911. 00:01:22.860 --> 00:01:26.220 Miało wtedy miejsce tak zwane powstanie w Wuchangu, które 00:01:26.220 --> 00:01:30.400 doprowadziło do obalenia dynastii Qing. 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:35.510 00:01:35.510 --> 00:01:38.470 00:01:38.470 --> 00:01:43.550 00:01:43.550 --> 00:01:45.870 00:01:45.870 --> 00:01:51.530 00:01:51.530 --> 00:01:53.700 00:01:53.700 --> 00:01:55.970 00:01:55.970 --> 00:01:59.460 00:01:59.460 --> 00:02:02.660 00:02:02.660 --> 00:02:05.810 00:02:05.810 --> 00:02:07.830 00:02:07.830 --> 00:02:10.449 00:02:10.449 --> 00:02:13.940 00:02:13.940 --> 00:02:17.090 00:02:17.090 --> 00:02:21.820 00:02:21.820 --> 00:02:24.270 00:02:24.270 --> 00:02:27.600 00:02:27.600 --> 00:02:30.250 00:02:30.250 --> 00:02:33.830 00:02:33.830 --> 00:02:37.230 00:02:37.230 --> 00:02:40.740 00:02:40.740 --> 00:02:43.320 00:02:43.320 --> 00:02:48.050 00:02:48.050 --> 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