[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.11,0:00:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dene Elder Paul Disain said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.18,0:00:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our language and culture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.60,0:00:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the window through which\Nwe see the world."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.02,0:00:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on Turtle Island,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.20,0:00:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is now known as North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.46,0:00:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there're so many unique\Nand wonderful ways to see the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.24,0:00:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a person of Indigenous heritage,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.20,0:00:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm interested in learning\NAnishinaabemowin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.31,0:00:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is my heritage language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.79,0:00:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it lets me see the world\Nthrough that window.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.41,0:00:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lets me connect with my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.06,0:00:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my ancestors, my community, my culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.97,0:00:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And lets me think\Nabout how I can pass that on
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.98,0:00:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to future generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.90,0:00:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a linguist,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.08,0:00:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm interested in how language\Nfunctions generally.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.24,0:00:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can look at phonetics and phonology --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.17,0:00:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.38,0:00:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can look at morphology,\Nor the structure of words.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.16,0:00:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can look at syntax,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.36,0:00:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the structure\Nof sentences and phrases,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.84,0:00:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn about how humans\Nstore language in our brains
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.33,0:00:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we use it to communicate\Nwith one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.20,0:00:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.12,0:00:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anishinaabemowin,\Nlike most Indigenous languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what's called polysynthetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.03,0:01:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that there are\Nvery, very long words,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.23,0:01:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,composed of little tiny pieces\Ncalled morphemes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.26,0:01:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I can say, in Anishinaabemowin,\N"niwiisin," "I eat,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.68,0:01:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is one word.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.93,0:01:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can say "nimino-wiisin," "I eat well,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.73,0:01:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is still one word.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.94,0:01:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can say "nimino-naawakwe-wiisin,"\N"I eat a good lunch,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.18,0:01:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is how many words in English?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.11,0:01:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five words in English,\Na single word in Anishinaabemowin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.58,0:01:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I've got a bit of a quiz for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a one-word answer,\Nwhat color is that slide?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.08,0:01:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Green.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.34,0:01:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lindsay Morcom: What color is that slide?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.33,0:01:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Green.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.52,0:01:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LM: What color is that slide?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.97,0:01:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.20,0:01:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LM: And what color is that slide?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.92,0:01:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience murmurs)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.14,0:01:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not trick questions, I promise.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.21,0:01:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For you as English speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.61,0:01:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you saw two green slides\Nand two blue slides.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.84,0:01:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the way that we categorize colors\Nvaries across languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.50,0:01:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if you had been Russian speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.29,0:01:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would have seen two slides\Nthat were different shades of green,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.53,0:02:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that was "goluboy,"\Nwhich is light blue,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.62,0:02:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that is "siniy," dark blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.39,0:02:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those are seen as different colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.31,0:02:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were speakers of Anishinaabemowin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.35,0:02:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would have seen slides\Nthat were Ozhaawashkwaa
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.76,0:02:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Ozhaawashkozi,\Nwhich means either green or blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.66,0:02:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not that speakers\Ndon't see the colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.28,0:02:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that the way they categorize them\Nand the way that they understand shades
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.15,0:02:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.33,0:02:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.52,0:02:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are universals in the ways\Nthat humans categorize color,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.14,0:02:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that tells us about how human brains
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.10,0:02:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand and express\Nwhat they're seeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.35,0:02:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anishinaabemowin\Ndoes another wonderful thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.61,0:02:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is animate, inanimate\Nmarking on all words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.07,0:02:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not unlike how French and Spanish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.33,0:02:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mark all words as either\Nmasculine or feminine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.03,0:02:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anishinaabemowin\Nand other Algonquian languages
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.48,0:02:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mark all words\Nas either animate or inanimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.69,0:02:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The things that you would think\Nto be animate are animate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.45,0:02:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that have a pulse:\Npeople, animals, growing plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.23,0:02:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are other things\Nthat are animate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.27,0:02:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you might not guess, like rocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.57,0:03:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rocks are marked as animate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.96,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that tells us really interesting\Nthings about grammar,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.73,0:03:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it also tells us\Nreally interesting things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.93,0:03:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how Anishinaabemowin speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.70,0:03:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relate to and understand\Nthe world around them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.44,0:03:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the sad part of that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.45,0:03:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that Indigenous languages\Nare in danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.19,0:03:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indigenous languages that posses\Nso much knowledge of culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.62,0:03:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of history,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.80,0:03:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ways to relate to one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.81,0:03:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ways to relate to our environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.92,0:03:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having been on this land\Nsince time immemorial,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.14,0:03:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these languages have developed here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.14,0:03:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they contain priceless\Nenvironmental knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.84,0:03:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that helps us relate well\Nto the land on which we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.02,0:03:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they are, in fact, in danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.78,0:03:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vast majority of Indigenous\Nlanguages in North America
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.86,0:03:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are considered endangered,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.41,0:03:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those that are not\Nendangered are vulnerable.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.04,0:03:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is by design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.51,0:03:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our laws, in our policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.01,0:03:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our houses of governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.32,0:03:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been stated attempts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.14,0:04:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eliminate Indigenous languages\Nand cultures in this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.05,0:04:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan Campbell Scott
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.50,0:04:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was one of the architects\Nof the residential school system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.85,0:04:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On tabling a bill that required\Nmandatory residential school attendance
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.29,0:04:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Indigenous children in 1920, he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.42,0:04:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I want to get rid of the Indian problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.51,0:04:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our objective is to continue
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.16,0:04:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until there is not\Na single Indian in Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.71,0:04:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has not been absorbed\Ninto the body politic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.52,0:04:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is no Indian question,\Nand no Indian Department;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.86,0:04:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the whole object of this Bill."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.61,0:04:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The atrocities that occurred\Nin residential schools were documented.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.07,0:04:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1907,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.30,0:04:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,P.H. Bryce, who was a doctor\Nand an expert in tuberculosis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.54,0:04:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,published a report\Nthat found that in some schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.10,0:04:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,25 percent of children had died\Nfrom tuberculosis epidemics
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.15,0:04:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created by the conditions in the schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.94,0:04:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other schools, up to 75 percent\Nof children had died.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.24,0:04:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was defunded by federal government
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.69,0:04:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for his findings,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.86,0:04:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forced into retirement in 1921,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.92,0:05:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1922, published\Nhis findings widely.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.13,0:05:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.30,0:05:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indigenous children\Nwere taken from their homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.01,0:05:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken from their communities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.52,0:05:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forced into church-run\Nresidential schools
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.73,0:05:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they suffered, in many cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.46,0:05:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serious emotional, physical\Nand sexual abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.82,0:05:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in all cases, cultural abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.42,0:05:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these schools were designed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.88,0:05:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eliminate Indigenous\Nlanguage and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.63,0:05:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last residential school\Nclosed in 1996.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.76,0:05:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until that time, 150,000 children or more\Nattended residential schools
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.96,0:05:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 139 institutions across the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.71,0:05:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2007,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.28,0:05:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Indian Residential School\NSettlement Agreement came into effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.85,0:05:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the largest class action lawsuit\Nin Canadian history.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.32,0:05:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It set aside 60 million dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.53,0:05:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the establishment of the Truth\Nand Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.34,0:05:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TRC gifted us with the ability\Nto hear survivor stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.02,0:06:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hear impacts\Non communities and families
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.80,0:06:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to gain access to research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.51,0:06:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that explored the full effect\Nof residential schools
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.18,0:06:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on Indigenous communities\Nand on Canada as a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.48,0:06:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TRC found that residential schools
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.99,0:06:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constituted what's called\Ncultural genocide.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.55,0:06:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They state that, "Physical genocide\Nis the mass killing of the members
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.87,0:06:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a targeted group,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.01,0:06:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological genocide is the destruction\Nof that group's reproductive capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.48,0:06:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And cultural genocide is the destruction\Nof those structures and practices
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.89,0:06:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow the group\Nto continue as a group."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.67,0:06:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stated goals of Duncan Campbell Scott.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.80,0:06:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they find that it's cultural genocide,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.95,0:06:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although as children's author
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.83,0:06:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a great speaker\NDavid Bouchard points out,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.32,0:06:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you build a building,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.95,0:06:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you build a cemetery\Nnext to that building,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.25,0:06:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you know the people\Ngoing into that building are going to die,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.56,0:06:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you call that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.37,0:07:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TRC also gifted us\Nwith 94 calls to action,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.47,0:07:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beacons that can lead the way forward\Nas we work to reconciliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.30,0:07:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Several of those pertain directly\Nto language and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.39,0:07:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TRC calls us to ensure\Nadequate, funded education,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.55,0:07:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including language and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.45,0:07:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To acknowledge Indigenous rights,\Nincluding language rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.58,0:07:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To create an Aboriginal Languages Act
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.62,0:07:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aimed at acknowledging and preserving\NIndigenous languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.65,0:07:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with attached funding.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.60,0:07:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To create a position\Nfor an Aboriginal Languages Commissioner
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.81,0:07:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to develop postsecondary\Nlanguage programs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.90,0:07:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as to reclaim place names\Nthat have been changed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.58,0:07:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the course of colonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.19,0:07:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time as the Indian\NResidential School Settlement Agreement
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.51,0:07:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came into effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.75,0:07:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United Nations adopted
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.30,0:07:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United Nations Declaration\Non the Rights of Indigenous People
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.58,0:07:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2007.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.39,0:07:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It states that Indigenous people\Nhave the right to establish and control
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.93,0:07:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own education\Nsystems and institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.82,0:07:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing education\Nin their own languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.41,0:08:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a manner appropriate\Nto their cultural methods
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.75,0:08:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of teaching and learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.10,0:08:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2007,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.28,0:08:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when that was brought into effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.95,0:08:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four countries voted against it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.51,0:08:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were the United States,\NNew Zealand, Australia
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.62,0:08:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.91,0:08:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canada adopted the United Nations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.75,0:08:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Declaration on the Rights\Nof Indigenous People in 2010.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.27,0:08:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 2015, the government\Npromised to bring it into effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.90,0:08:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how are we collectively\Ngoing to respond?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.49,0:08:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the situation that we're in.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.52,0:08:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the 60 currently spoken\NIndigenous languages in Canada,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.28,0:08:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all but six are considered endangered\Nby the United Nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.06,0:08:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the six that aren't are Cree,\NAnishinaabemowin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.86,0:08:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stoney, Mi'kmaq,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.99,0:08:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dene and Inuktitut.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.37,0:08:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that sounds really dire.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.22,0:08:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you go on to the Atlas\Nof the World's Languages in Danger
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.44,0:08:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the UNESCO website,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.00,0:09:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see a little "r"\Nright next to that language right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.27,0:09:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That language is Mi'kmaq.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.98,0:09:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mi'kmaq has undergone\Nsignificant revitalization
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.80,0:09:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the adoption\Nof a self-government agreement
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.39,0:09:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that led to culture\Nand language-based education,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.78,0:09:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now there are Mi'kmaq children
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.70,0:09:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have Mi'kmaq as their first language.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.17,0:09:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's so much that we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.05,0:09:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These children are students
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.53,0:09:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Mnidoo Mnising\NAnishinabek Kinoomaage,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.51,0:09:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an immersion school on Manitoulin island,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.60,0:09:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they learn in Anishinaabemowin.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.02,0:09:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived at school\Nin junior kindergarten
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.15,0:09:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaking very little,\Nif any, Anishinaabemowin.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.90,0:09:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, in grade three and grade four,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.81,0:09:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're testing at intermediate\Nand fluent levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.93,0:09:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.28,0:09:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have beautifully high self-esteem.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.32,0:09:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are proud to be Anishinaabe people,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.48,0:09:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have strong learning skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.36,0:09:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not all education\Nhas to be formal education either.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.52,0:09:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our local community,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.70,0:09:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the Kingston\NIndigenous Language Nest.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.71,0:09:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KILN is an organization now,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.58,0:10:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it started six years ago\Nwith passionate community members
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.61,0:10:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gathered around an elder's kitchen table.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.13,0:10:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, we have created\Nweekend learning experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.55,0:10:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aimed at multigenerational learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.32,0:10:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we focus on passing\Nlanguage and culture on to children.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.28,0:10:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use traditional games,\Nsongs, foods and activities to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.52,0:10:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have classes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.82,0:10:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at both the beginner\Nand intermediate levels
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.05,0:10:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offered right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.70,0:10:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've partnered with\Nschool boards and libraries
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.96,0:10:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have resources and language\Nin place in formal education.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.81,0:10:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The possibilities are just endless,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.51,0:10:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm so grateful\Nfor the work that has been done
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.39,0:10:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow me to pass language\Nand culture on to my son
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.38,0:10:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to other children\Nwithin our community.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've developed a strong,\Nbeautiful, vibrant community as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.34,0:10:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of this shared effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.02,0:10:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do we need moving forward?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.17,0:10:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, we need policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.79,0:10:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need enacted policy\Nwith attached funding
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.40,0:10:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will ensure that Indigenous language
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.78,0:11:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is incorporated meaningfully\Ninto education,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.67,0:11:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both on and off reserve.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.76,0:11:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On reserve, education is funded\Nat significantly lower levels
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.80,0:11:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is off reserve.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.36,0:11:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And off reserve,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.70,0:11:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indigenous language education\Nis often neglected,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.19,0:11:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people assume
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.73,0:11:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Indigenous people\Nare not present in provincial schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.65,0:11:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when actually, around 70 percent\Nof Indigenous people in Canada today
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.96,0:11:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,live off reserve.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.15,0:11:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those children have equal right\Nto access their language and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.54,0:11:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond policy, we need support.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.91,0:11:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that doesn't just mean\Nfinancial support.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.89,0:11:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need space where we can\Ncarry out activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.97,0:11:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,classes and interaction\Nwith nonindigenous populations as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.62,0:11:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need support
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.14,0:11:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that looks like people\Nwanting to learn the language.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.88,0:11:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need support where people talk\Nabout why these languages are important.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to achieve that, we need education.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.20,0:11:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need access to immersion\Neducation primarily,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.44,0:11:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as that is most certainly\Nthe most effective way
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.43,0:11:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ensure the transmission\Nof Indigenous languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.88,0:12:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also need education\Nin provincial schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.62,0:12:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need education\Nfor the nonindigenous populations
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.09,0:12:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can come to a better\Nmutual understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.58,0:12:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and move forward in a better way together.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.62,0:12:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have this quote hanging\Nin a framed picture on my office wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.100,0:12:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a gift from a settler ally student\Nthat I taught a few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.46,0:12:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it reminds me every day
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.80,0:12:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can achieve great things\Nif we work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.00,0:12:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we're going to talk\Nabout reconciliation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.30,0:12:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to acknowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.53,0:12:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a reconciliation that does not result
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.58,0:12:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the survivance and continuation\Nof Indigenous languages and cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.33,0:12:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is no reconciliation at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.43,0:12:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is assimilation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.25,0:12:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it shouldn't be\Nacceptable to any of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.20,0:12:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we can do\Nis look to the calls to action,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.44,0:12:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can look to the United\NNations Declaration
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.57,0:12:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the Rights of Indigenous People
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.23,0:12:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can come to a mutual understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.22,0:12:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that what we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.55,0:12:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of linguistic\Nand cultural heritage
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.94,0:12:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Indigenous people in this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.78,0:12:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is worth saving.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.91,0:12:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on that, we can step forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.77,0:13:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.22,0:13:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ensure that Indigenous\Nlanguages are passed on
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.90,0:13:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond 2050, beyond the next generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.34,0:13:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the next seven generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.51,0:13:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Miigwech. Niawen’kó:wa. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.15,0:13:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)