[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.18,0:00:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] You're walking on the street
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.26,0:00:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly you find a piece of gold,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.45,0:00:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you pick it up and you get super curious.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.19,0:00:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a lot of questions in your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.93,0:00:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the questions is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.49,0:00:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens if you were to break it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.53,0:00:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, surely you can't\Nbreak it with your own hands
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.54,0:00:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but hey, when has that stopped you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.22,0:00:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from imagining things, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.14,0:00:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what happens if you break this?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.67,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you get two pieces of\Ngold and then you wonder,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, what if you break it even further?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.10,0:00:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get even more smaller pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.41,0:00:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what if you break it even further?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.20,0:00:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get even more smaller pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.43,0:00:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now you start wondering,\N"Hey, can I keep doing that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.72,0:00:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I keep breaking this\Npiece of gold forever?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.22,0:00:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we we're gonna\Ntalk about in this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.38,0:00:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a question
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.43,0:00:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many ancient philosophers\Nfrom India, Greece, Roman,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.30,0:00:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably many more, pondered upon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.61,0:00:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wondered, if you take any element,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.34,0:00:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember what elements are?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.69,0:00:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are roughly about\N100 building blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.36,0:00:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make up all the\Nmatter in the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.83,0:01:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gold is an example of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.48,0:01:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they wondered, if you take any element,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.06,0:01:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could you keep breaking them down forever?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.14,0:01:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a lot of them thought,\Nthat maybe the answer is no.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.36,0:01:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.04,0:01:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe eventually, you will get
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.86,0:01:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one last smallest piece of that element,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.12,0:01:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a smallest piece of gold, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.51,0:01:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you cannot break any further.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.21,0:01:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people believed in this idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.34,0:01:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Greeks actually named\Nthis smallest piece, the atom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.91,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word atom literally means uncuttable
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they believe that you\Ncannot break this even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.27,0:01:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for a long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.83,0:01:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many people didn't believe in this idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.93,0:01:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for centuries, the idea\Nof atom was suppressed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.69,0:01:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it was revived back by\Nscientists like John Dalton.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.79,0:01:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today we have plenty of\Nevidence that they do exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.17,0:02:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what exactly are atoms?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.62,0:02:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think of atoms as the\Nsmallest piece of an element
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.44,0:02:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has all the\Nproperties of that element.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.08,0:02:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is literally the building\Nblock of the element itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.56,0:02:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, what's a gold atom?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.11,0:02:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gold atoms are the\Nsmallest pieces of gold,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.99,0:02:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has all the properties of gold.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.12,0:02:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the building blocks of gold.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.10,0:02:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a carbon atom?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.72,0:02:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they are the\Nsmallest pieces of carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.69,0:02:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the building blocks of carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.07,0:02:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have all the properties of carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.99,0:02:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just to give you another\Nexample, what's mercury atom?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.17,0:02:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the smallest pieces of mercury.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.72,0:02:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have all the properties\Nof the element mercury
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.33,0:02:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.25,0:02:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, one question you could be having is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.87,0:02:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do atoms look like tiny balls?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.03,0:02:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer is no, it's\Njust a representation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.24,0:02:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, atoms are so incredibly tiny,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.72,0:02:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't even see them with microscopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.36,0:02:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how tiny are they you ask?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.10,0:02:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, their size is\Nincredibly hard to comprehend.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.49,0:03:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's a way to think\Nabout it, how many gold atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.39,0:03:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you think you will find\Nin a typical gold ring?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.25,0:03:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's not millions, not\Nbillions, it's sextillions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.99,0:03:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's one followed by 21 zeros,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.22,0:03:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many atoms you'll\Nprobably find in a gold ring.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.18,0:03:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just to get a sense of this number
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.71,0:03:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists estimate that\Nthat is roughly about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.77,0:03:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the total number of stars\Nin the observable universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.74,0:03:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let that sink in. That's\Nhow small atoms are.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.46,0:03:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So long story short, almost\Nall the matter in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.43,0:03:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the microbes to dogs and cats,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.41,0:03:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mountains to planets and stars,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.69,0:03:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and almost everything that\Nyou see in this universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.09,0:03:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all fundamentally\Nmade of elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.46,0:03:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the building blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.72,0:03:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the matter in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.16,0:03:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have about 100 of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.57,0:03:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what are elements\Nfundamentally made of?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.64,0:03:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elements like gold or any\Nother element for that matter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.49,0:03:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are fundamentally made of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.34,0:04:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the smallest\Npieces of the elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.20,0:04:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the building blocks of the elements
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.58,0:04:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that contain all the\Nproperties of that element.