[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.28,0:00:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a curse that has plagued humanity\Nsince ancient times.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.71,0:00:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Greeks fought it by chewing\Naromatic resins,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.08,0:00:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the Chinese resorted to egg shells.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.33,0:00:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Ancient Jewish Talmud,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.38,0:00:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's even considered \Nlegal grounds for divorce.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.46,0:00:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This horrible scourge is halitosis,\Notherwise known as bad breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.83,0:00:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what causes it\Nand why is it so universally terrifying?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.16,0:00:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think of some of the worse \Nodors you can imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.28,0:00:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like garbage, feces or rotting meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.62,0:00:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these smells come from the activity\Nof microorganisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.31,0:00:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.21,0:00:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as disgusting as it may sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.49,0:00:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar bacteria live in the moisture-rich\Nenvironment of your mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.79,0:01:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't panic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.23,0:01:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The presence of bacteria in your body\Nis not only normal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.39,0:01:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually vital \Nfor all sorts of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.92,0:01:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like digestion and disease prevention.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.78,0:01:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But like all living things,\Nbacteria need to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.75,0:01:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bacteria in your mouth \Nfeed off of mucous,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.88,0:01:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food reminants,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.32,0:01:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dead tissue cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.69,0:01:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to absorb nutrients\Nthrough their cell membranes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.82,0:01:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they must break down the organic matter\Ninto much smaller molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.83,0:01:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, they'll break proteins \Ninto their component amino acids
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.68,0:01:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then break those down even further\Ninto various compounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.80,0:01:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the foul-smelling \Nbyproducts of these reactions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.88,0:01:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as hydrogen sulfide and cadaverine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.19,0:01:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,escape into the air
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.95,0:01:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and waft their way \Ntowards unsuspecting noses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.56,0:01:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our sensitivity to these odors\Nand interpretation of them as bad smells
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.25,0:01:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be an evolutionary mechanism\Nwarning us of rotten food
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.88,0:01:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the presence of disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.81,0:02:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smell is one of our most intimate\Nand primal senses,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.02,0:02:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,playing a huge role \Nin our attraction to potential mates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.48,0:02:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one poll, 59% of men and 70% of women
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.69,0:02:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said they wouldn't go on a date \Nwith someone who has bad breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.71,0:02:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which may be why Americans alone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.90,0:02:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spend $1 billion a year \Non various breath products.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.82,0:02:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, most bad breath \Nis easily treated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.06,0:02:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The worst smelling byproducts come from\Ngram-negative bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.30,0:02:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that live in the spaces \Nbetween gums and teeth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.19,0:02:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the back of the tounge.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.22,0:02:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By brushing and flossing our teeth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.24,0:02:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using antibacterial mouthwash at bedtime,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gently cleaning the back of the tongue\Nwith a plastic scraper
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.58,0:02:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even just eating a healthy breakfast,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.68,0:02:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can remove many of these bacteria\Nand their food sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.83,0:02:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some cases, \Nthese measures may not be enough
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.02,0:02:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to dental problems, \Nnasal conditions, or rarer ailments,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.20,0:03:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as liver disease \Nand uncontrolled diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.99,0:03:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behaviors like smoking \Nand excessive alcohol consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.85,0:03:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also have a very recognizable odor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.34,0:03:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regardless of cause,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.92,0:03:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bad smell almost \Nalways originates in the mouth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.49,0:03:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not the stomach \Nor elsewhere in the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.60,0:03:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one of the biggest challenges lies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.43,0:03:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in actually determining \Nhow our breath smells in the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.76,0:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's unclear why.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.60,0:03:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be that \Nwe're too acclimatized
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.62,0:03:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the smell inside \Nour own mouths to judge it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.19,0:03:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And methods like cupping your hands\Nover your mouth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.02,0:03:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or licking and smelling your wrist\Ndon't work perfectly either.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.10,0:03:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One study showed \Nthat even when people do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.74,0:03:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they tend to rate the smell subjectively
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.21,0:03:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to how bad \Nthey thought it was going to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.77,0:03:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's one simple,\Nif socially difficult,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.79,0:03:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way of finding out how your breath smells:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.55,0:03:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just take a deep breath and ask a friend.