[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.12,0:00:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.92,0:00:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey, guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.12,0:00:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to HipHughes history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.20,0:00:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm so excited to be with you here today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.44,0:00:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we approach another
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.84,0:00:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subject in American history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.12,0:00:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we're gonna learn about muckraking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.84,0:00:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How cool of a word is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.24,0:00:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm gonna tell you why I'm so excited
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.60,0:00:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to teach you this word,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.84,0:00:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's a word that isn't just
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.20,0:00:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taught in context of American history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.32,0:00:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're gonna do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.48,0:00:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,short and sweet and simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.64,0:00:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're gonna be like, "Oh, my God.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.92,0:00:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand it."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.80,0:00:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's something that I think is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.08,0:00:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important for today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.64,0:00:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all of the world's citizens to know
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.28,0:00:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about, because muckraking
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.64,0:00:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really is the WD-40 of change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.04,0:00:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, strap on your boots, man.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.80,0:00:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put on your goggles.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.84,0:00:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put your hat to learning on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.04,0:00:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't care what the hell you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.64,0:00:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but get ready, because here it comes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.12,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fore!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.40,0:00:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.76,0:00:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Communication breakdown.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.44,0:00:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's always the same).
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.28,0:00:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, muckraking, man.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.80,0:00:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What a visual word.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.32,0:01:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Muckraking is a very simple concept.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.72,0:01:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that you first
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.64,0:01:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to gather up some muck.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.08,0:01:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you grab a rake and you rake up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.84,0:01:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the muck and you find some type of problem
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.52,0:01:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in America or in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.44,0:01:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this stinky cloth,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.08,0:01:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you serve it up to people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.08,0:01:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you put it into a book.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.88,0:01:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you put it into a hip hop song.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.28,0:01:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you put it into a movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.76,0:01:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whatever you're doing, you're trying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.28,0:01:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to let people know about this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.52,0:01:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, of course, the awesome effect is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.31,0:01:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people start finding out about child
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.92,0:01:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,homelessness, or about sex abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.12,0:01:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about unsafe working conditions, or
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.36,0:01:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.76,0:01:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're gonna start stomping their
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.08,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feet and raising their fists.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.97,0:01:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is really the WD-40,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.48,0:01:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like I said before, of populism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.88,0:01:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of getting the voice spread,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so people can start to bang and yell
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.80,0:01:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and scream and demand change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.76,0:01:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the Industrial Age,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.20,0:02:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's go to historical context now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.28,0:02:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the Industrial Age, we
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.92,0:02:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taught you that the government's hands
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.40,0:02:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are basically up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.68,0:02:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of laissez-faire economics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.52,0:02:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have rapid economic growth and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.60,0:02:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allow that occur naturally in capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.72,0:02:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get the government out of the way and just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.76,0:02:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watch the wheels of capitalism churn out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.52,0:02:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jobs and profit and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.68,0:02:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new products and innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.60,0:02:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the negative effect of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.68,0:02:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Adam Smith model of capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.32,0:02:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you basically have some negative
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.80,0:02:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effects in the short term, and probably
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some people would argue in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the government's not watching,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.28,0:02:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profit sometime is gonna override safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.92,0:02:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you might have products going
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.60,0:02:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out to the consumers that are unsafe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.92,0:02:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might have people that are working
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.84,0:02:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in conditions that are very dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.23,0:02:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have child labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.16,0:02:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have pollution and, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.48,0:02:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,air that you can't breathe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.92,0:02:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of these negative effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.72,0:02:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what the muckraker is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.92,0:02:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing is he's going, "Yo!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.40,0:02:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Problem."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.31,0:02:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, of course, we look
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.48,0:03:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the change, for the effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.31,0:03:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's take a look at three or four
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.20,0:03:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examples that you're definitely
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.56,0:03:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna see on your exam.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.83,0:03:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or if you're studying American history,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.92,0:03:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're gonna come up, um, all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.88,0:03:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's see if we can't nail them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.52,0:03:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a plank and move on with our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.76,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, historical context, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.20,0:03:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First start in the 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.88,0:03:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,late 19th century, and talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.92,0:03:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're doing an essay or if
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.48,0:03:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're trying to get this in your head,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.32,0:03:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the problems of the industrial age,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.16,0:03:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the gilded age.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.16,0:03:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark Twain called it the gilded age,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.20,0:03:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because on the surface, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.92,0:03:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks, it looks top-notch.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.92,0:03:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you dig under the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.40,0:03:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're gonna find that we have lots
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.80,0:03:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of problems, especially when
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it relates to poor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether that's the urban problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.68,0:03:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,urbanization and immigration,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.44,0:03:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's a rural problem of farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.52,0:03:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and railroads and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.88,0:03:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lack of competition and,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.32,0:03:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, those types of issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.84,0:03:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here are your three or
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.12,0:03:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four kind of novels, books.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.92,0:03:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, today,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.12,0:04:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be any type of media that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.56,0:04:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is informing people of a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.96,0:04:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the ones that pop up on the exam all
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.64,0:04:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time are gonna be number one,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.80,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.28,0:04:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt, that's the one
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.52,0:04:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I see most often on exams.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.52,0:04:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upton Sinclair was actually a socialist,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.88,0:04:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and socialism probably has
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.92,0:04:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of negative connotations today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.59,0:04:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But socialism is the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.48,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of some type of communal aspect of society
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.56,0:04:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we take care of a problem together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.76,0:04:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Complete socialism would be called
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.76,0:04:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communism, where the government owns
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.64,0:04:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,private property and businesses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.24,0:04:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yada, yada, yada.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.08,0:04:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, if you look at something
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.76,0:04:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a school system or a library or
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.75,0:04:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fire department, that in a sense
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.20,0:04:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is socialism, because we're all chipping
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.28,0:04:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and we're all paying for something
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we all, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.08,0:04:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoy the benefits of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.44,0:04:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.44,0:04:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it kind of operates as, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.39,0:04:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an escalating staircase to opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Upton Sinclair is writing about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's writing about workers' lives
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.75,0:04:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and socialism and trying to, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.20,0:05:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change capitalism to give workers more of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.84,0:05:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a control and ownership over their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.72,0:05:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately for his mission, for his
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.24,0:05:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,objective, he chose a slaughterhouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you're gonna write about workers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.56,0:05:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you want people to be like, "Oh,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.16,0:05:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the poor workers," don't
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.76,0:05:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,choose a slaughterhouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.24,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when people read
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.44,0:05:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Jungle," they weren't really reading
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.52,0:05:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the lives of the immigrant workers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.84,0:05:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were reading about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.52,0:05:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what related to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.96,0:05:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it was Upton Sinclair who stated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.96,0:05:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll get the quote wrong, that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.36,0:05:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I aimed for their hearts and I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.88,0:05:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hit them in their stomachs."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.80,0:05:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, The Jungle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.64,0:05:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really about slaughterhouses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.63,0:05:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has passages in it about contaminated
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.08,0:05:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meat and feces and rats and just kind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.80,0:05:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the, you know, the brutal,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unsanitary conditions that are
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.72,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going on in slaughterhouses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.36,0:05:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, of course, there is an immediate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.20,0:05:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public reaction to this book,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.99,0:05:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is basically, "Ewe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.56,0:05:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do something."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.31,0:05:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the big kind of idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.80,0:05:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that muckraking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.08,0:05:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through populism and through, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.92,0:06:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disseminating this information,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.68,0:06:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is gonna light a fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.20,0:06:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[SIRENS BLARING]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.63,0:06:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that fire is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underneath the feet
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.36,0:06:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the federal government.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.44,0:06:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that right, Noam Chomsky?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.12,0:06:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that if you get that fire hot enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.60,0:06:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.24,0:06:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,muckraking is an accelerant,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.12,0:06:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's gonna make the flames go even
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.64,0:06:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher, you eventually
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.28,0:06:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will get the government...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.36,0:06:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.72,0:06:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Upton Sinclair wants the government
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.36,0:06:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to own that factory,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.48,0:06:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not what Teddy Roosevelt's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.20,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna do in the early 1900s.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.20,0:06:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is going to pass, not pass a law,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.40,0:06:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but sign a law, Congress of course passes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.40,0:06:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laws, to regulate that industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.16,0:06:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the meat industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.56,0:06:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the laws that you would
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.60,0:06:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put in an essay would,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.24,0:06:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.48,0:06:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply be the Meat Inspection Act,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.36,0:06:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is gonna create, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.88,0:06:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a regulatory body that's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.20,0:06:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna inspect the meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.72,0:06:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Hughes was a vegetarian, I'm not
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.76,0:06:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even going there, but that's the concept.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.36,0:06:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we get the FDA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.68,0:06:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Food and Drug Act,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.60,0:06:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the Pure Food and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.96,0:06:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drug and Labeling Act,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.88,0:06:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is going to put the ingredients
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.39,0:07:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the side of your food so you know what
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.76,0:07:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're consuming, that you have a right
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.47,0:07:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a consumer to have that information.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.04,0:07:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If capitalism isn't delivering
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.72,0:07:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that because people are ignorant or they
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.51,0:07:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know about it, as a group,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.64,0:07:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a communal group,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.84,0:07:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can force the government or put
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.24,0:07:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressure on the government
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.44,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to regulate that industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.16,0:07:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to own that industry, but to make
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.24,0:07:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that industry safe for consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.36,0:07:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, cross that off the list, man.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.12,0:07:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upton Sinclair the socialist,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.92,0:07:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the jungle slaughterhouses, "bub bub bub bub bubba
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effect"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.40,0:07:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meat Inspection Act and the FDA.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.28,0:07:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, let's do a couple more.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.48,0:07:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know we can do a couple more.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.60,0:07:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're still awake.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.96,0:07:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say cheese.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.88,0:07:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jacob Riis, "How the Other Half Lives."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.08,0:07:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This shows you that it doesn't have to be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.24,0:07:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a book in the novel sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.96,0:07:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jacob Riis is a photographer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.56,0:07:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a journalist photographer that is
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.08,0:07:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,informing people of conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.04,0:07:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the urban slums.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.52,0:07:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure if it was Jacob Riis
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.96,0:07:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that invented it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.72,0:07:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I know it has something to do
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.92,0:07:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the invention of indoor photography,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.96,0:08:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is gonna allow Jacob Riis to go kind
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.04,0:08:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of, not just into the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.60,0:08:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but into the insides of the cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the tenement houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.48,0:08:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take pictures like you see right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.60,0:08:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are really gonna force Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.32,0:08:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take a close look
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.96,0:08:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at how the other half lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.40,0:08:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what the book is called,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.64,0:08:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How the Other Half Lives."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.12,0:08:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is gonna lead to, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.95,0:08:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressure to have the government clean up
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.28,0:08:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities, to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.88,0:08:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just city management movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.48,0:08:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to, you know, sewer systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.31,0:08:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we get settlement houses, Jane Addams,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.72,0:08:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not necessarily the government,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.56,0:08:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that there is an effect here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.76,0:08:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Jacob Riis, "How the Other Half Lives,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.24,0:08:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the federal government,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.28,0:08:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least the state and local
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.44,0:08:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments, are gonna start dealing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.88,0:08:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the problems of the effects
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.16,0:08:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urbanization, over crowdedness,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.12,0:08:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the influx
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.20,0:08:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of immigrants and cheap labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.80,0:08:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, Jacob Riis,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.04,0:08:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How the Other Half Lives."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.44,0:08:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's do a couple more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.16,0:08:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, The Octopus.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.36,0:08:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very visual one, guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.32,0:08:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frank Norris wrote "The Octopus,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.32,0:09:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe late 1800s, early 1900s.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.80,0:09:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna say early 1900s.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.32,0:09:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does 1906...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.76,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone's gonna Google it now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.24,0:09:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Frank Norris wrote the book,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.80,0:09:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but The Octopus about,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.12,0:09:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really, farmers and railroads.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.95,0:09:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is at the time the Grange,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.52,0:09:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easy way to remember the Grange,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.95,0:09:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you go, "Home, home on the Grange."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.04,0:09:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That should at least put
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.92,0:09:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you into farmer land, man.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.60,0:09:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Grange is basically a cooperative
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.08,0:09:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a group of farmers that are pooling
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.24,0:09:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their resources because they're dealing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.24,0:09:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, with huge banks and huge
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.24,0:09:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,railroad companies that aren't
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.76,0:09:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really serving their interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.56,0:09:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Frank Norris is gonna let people know
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.80,0:09:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.08,0:09:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about railroads and basically non-competitive
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.52,0:09:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the noncompetitive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.64,0:09:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devices they're using to screw the farmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.92,0:09:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is gonna lead to the passage
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.92,0:09:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a federal law, The Octopus,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.08,0:09:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visually I think of a railroad because
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.48,0:09:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the octopus, like the hub is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.36,0:09:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the central station and then
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.95,0:09:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's all the eight [LAUGHTER]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.08,0:10:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight tentacles, which would
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.80,0:10:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of represent the railroad.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.52,0:10:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know, the idea is that those
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.00,0:10:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tentacles, careful, Hughes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.92,0:10:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to squeeze out the competition
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.20,0:10:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, that's very unfair.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.80,0:10:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're gonna get
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.72,0:10:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the federal government again.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.08,0:10:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get the idea?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.24,0:10:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.56,0:10:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under the feet?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.72,0:10:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we get the Hepburn Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.92,0:10:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say it with me, the Hepburn Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.52,0:10:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is, in a sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.56,0:10:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an anti-capitalistic law.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.52,0:10:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says to the railroad companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.04,0:10:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There's a limit, baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.84,0:10:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't charge more
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.92,0:10:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ba-da cha-ching."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.88,0:10:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in capitalism, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.88,0:10:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea is you should be able to charge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.12,0:10:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as you want,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.88,0:10:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if people don't use your product,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.16,0:10:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you're gonna have to lower
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.24,0:10:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your price or go out of business.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.92,0:10:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the idea here,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.92,0:10:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Frank Norris is showing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.12,0:10:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is there isn't competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.76,0:10:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the railroad companies are taking
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.28,0:10:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advantage of their position in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.24,0:10:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the railroads got built
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.64,0:10:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through economic nationalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.28,0:10:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The federal government gave huge tracts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.44,0:10:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of lands away as a subsidy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.28,0:10:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to get the railroad built.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.88,0:10:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the community,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.36,0:10:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people already have a buy-in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.16,0:10:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we already have a buy-in because
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.72,0:11:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was our government that gave that land,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.60,0:11:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we want some fairness.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.24,0:11:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Frank Norris,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.68,0:11:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Octopus, the Hepburn Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.16,0:11:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You guys can do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.96,0:11:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, there's other ones, man.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.16,0:11:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ida Tarbell,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.48,0:11:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The History of Standard Oil."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.88,0:11:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would consider Mark Twain
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.36,0:11:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be a muckraker.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.92,0:11:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.12,0:11:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's all over in the early 1900s.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.48,0:11:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is really what's going to set
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.92,0:11:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into motion the progressive era,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.96,0:11:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting with Teddy Roosevelt and going
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.92,0:11:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Woodrow Wilson before
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.40,0:11:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the start of World War I.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, man, we could talk about this
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.84,0:11:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forever, but we have to
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.20,0:11:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinda close this baby down.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.72,0:11:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But remember that there are
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.76,0:11:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,muckrakers today.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.20,0:11:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tell my kids, and we talk about it
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.88,0:11:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the time, there's two kinds of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.84,0:11:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's bubble gum music
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.24,0:11:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is muckraking music.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.96,0:11:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, whatever genre of music that you
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.72,0:11:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listen to, someone out there is singing or
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.48,0:11:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rapping or yelling about some type
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.76,0:11:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of issue that's important that they want
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.16,0:11:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to inform you about,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.44,0:11:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not so you can go into a closet and close
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.36,0:12:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your eyes and forget about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.76,0:12:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but so you can stomp your feet,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.48,0:12:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can light your fires and get
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.92,0:12:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your government to do something.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.68,0:12:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there you go, guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.88,0:12:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Muckraking, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.28,0:12:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that fun to say?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.56,0:12:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You dirty muckraker [LAUGHTER].
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.44,0:12:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, go down below and you're gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.92,0:12:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see that you can not only subscribe
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.44,0:12:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Hip Hughes, which, if you don't do,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.32,0:12:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just gonna have to come and pummel
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.88,0:12:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you, but other edu gurus that I
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.24,0:12:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want you to subscribe to.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.27,0:12:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friends that are doing science and math
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.40,0:12:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Spanish and Japanese
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.88,0:12:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all kinds of cool channels.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.84,0:12:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, just other awesome edu channels
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.32,0:12:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've listed below,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.52,0:12:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Vi Hart and Smarter Every Day and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.76,0:12:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MinutePhysics and my brain's exploding
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.88,0:12:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "Oh my god, Noam Chomsky,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are we gonna do?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.04,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is awesome!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.28,0:12:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YouTube, learning, I love it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.72,0:12:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Press buttons.