[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.46,0:00:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About seven years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.10,0:00:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw this photo of myself
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.14,0:00:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided that I had to do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.57,0:00:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something about this thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.64,0:00:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I ate less food,\Nmoved around a bit more,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.47,0:00:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lo and behold, this happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.95,0:00:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lost 16 kilograms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.39,0:00:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're probably wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.82,0:00:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did he do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.84,0:00:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I was wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.85,0:00:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where did the 16 kilograms go?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.06,0:00:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've been infatuated\Nwith this question ever since.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.43,0:00:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I ended up publishing a paper about it\Nin the British Medical Journal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.94,0:00:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very brief paper - 850 words, two figures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.65,0:00:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, I published a book about it,\Nwhich was no bestseller
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.88,0:00:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it told you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.100,0:00:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you had to eat less\Nand move more to lose weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.54,0:00:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one wants to hear that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.30,0:00:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's now a first-year subject\Nat the University of New South Wales,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.97,0:00:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I better explain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.77,0:01:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I did not figure out\Nwhere fat goes when you lose weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.05,0:01:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was done a long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.43,0:01:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, here's some time posts for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.67,0:01:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Captain Cook sailed\Npast Bundaberg in 1770,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.14,0:01:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we didn't know what happens to fat\Nwhen you lose weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.74,0:01:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the First Fleet\Nsailed into Sydney Cove,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.95,0:01:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we did know the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.09,0:01:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was all figured out\Nby this bloke in between.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.54,0:01:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His name's Antoine Lavoisier.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.94,0:01:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He figured out that respiration\Nis a combustion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.76,0:01:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You turn food into\Ncarbon dioxide and water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.04,0:01:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the process, nothing is lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.33,0:01:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing is created.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.36,0:01:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is just transformed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.27,0:01:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, what did I do?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.96,0:01:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, when I lost weight and I first\Nthought about this, I was so infatuated.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.20,0:01:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.20,0:01:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I lose 10 kilos, where\Ndoes the 10 kilos go precisely?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.68,0:01:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it took me months to figure this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.83,0:01:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out that\Nwhen you lose weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.07,0:02:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8.4 kilos out of every 10\Ncomes out of your lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.33,0:02:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think is the best fact\NI've ever heard, so I gave -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.17,0:02:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've got to add oxygen to do this,\Nso you can't do it (snap) like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.08,0:02:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.48,0:02:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I gave a talk about this at TEDxQUT\Na long time ago now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.93,0:02:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I did a story\Nfor ABC TV Catalyst,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.09,0:02:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I met this fellow, \NProfessor Andrew Brown,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.63,0:02:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who teaches biochemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.01,0:02:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I showed him my calculations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.90,0:02:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "That's pretty interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.80,0:02:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's try and get that published."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.48,0:02:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he helped me get it\Ninto the British Medical Journal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.35,0:02:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other thing we did
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.37,0:02:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was we surveyed 150 doctors,\Ndieticians and personal trainers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.25,0:02:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asked them what they thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.97,0:02:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's the thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.47,0:02:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they think happens is impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.36,0:02:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't turn fat into energy,\Nbecause it's made of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.32,0:02:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you would need antimatter atoms\Nto annihilate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.68,0:02:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's literally impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.100,0:02:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since then,\NI've realised, well, hang on,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.31,0:02:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is part of a much bigger gap\Nin health literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.42,0:03:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've asked literally thousands\Nof kids this question:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.19,0:03:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you breathe in,\Nwhat are you inhaling? Oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.93,0:03:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what are you exhaling?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.21,0:03:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.37,0:03:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they don't realise\Nis that they're breathing in atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.95,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two go in, but three come out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's this atom here\Nthat is the gap in health literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.74,0:03:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also the secret to weight loss
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.56,0:03:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it means that your exhaled breath\Nis heavier than your inhaled breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.71,0:03:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you ask around,\Nso few people know this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.83,0:03:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, have a listen to these people:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.99,0:03:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audio) Ruben Meerman: What's\Nthe gas that you inhale in out of the air
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.33,0:03:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that keeps you alive called?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.67,0:03:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.86,0:03:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.94,0:03:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: And what's the gas you breathe out\Nbecause you're alive?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.43,0:03:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.82,0:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.77,0:03:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: Now third question.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.24,0:03:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where did the carbon atoms\Nin the carbon dioxide come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.86,0:03:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.26,0:03:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.62,0:03:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chuckle) No idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.12,0:03:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got no idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.56,0:04:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wouldn't have a clue, mate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.18,0:04:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ooh, ahhhh.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.91,0:04:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ummmm, wow! Good question.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.33,0:04:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should have concentrated\Nmore in chemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.85,0:04:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where do carbon atoms come from? Or ...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.98,0:04:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Umm, pollution?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.03,0:04:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fumes? Gas?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.93,0:04:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cars and stuff? I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.64,0:04:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah. Vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.56,0:04:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.69,0:04:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cow poop? (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.85,0:04:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should know, but don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.53,0:04:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to be somewhere in the body, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.39,0:04:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of my lungs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.93,0:04:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My lungs?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.16,0:04:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the environment?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.49,0:04:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From your blood stream?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.94,0:04:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From living things?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.78,0:04:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe from the blood?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.24,0:04:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From plants?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.48,0:04:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My chemistry days are over.\NI've got nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.90,0:04:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the food we eat?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.73,0:04:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: You know that! You got there!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.67,0:04:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.84,0:04:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you eat it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.96,0:04:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: Yeah
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.22,0:04:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We eat it? From what?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.92,0:04:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: Have you heard of carbohydrates?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.72,0:04:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.03,0:04:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, yes. Oh, OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.37,0:05:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: What do you think\Nthe carbo bit means?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.70,0:05:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.35,0:05:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably carbon dioxide?\NDoes it connect to somewhere?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.73,0:05:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like carbon and hydrogen\Nand oxygen together?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.100,0:05:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: Yes!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.10,0:05:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon - carbohydrate, yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.36,0:05:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not the same word.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.85,0:05:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never thought. It's C-H-A.\NCarbon-hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.27,0:05:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.51,0:05:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RM: What do you do for a crust?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.11,0:05:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a PDH PE teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.92,0:05:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Onstage) This is not a gap\Nin health literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.37,0:05:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a gaping black hole\Nin health literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.35,0:05:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the amazing thing is we supposedly\Nlearned all this stuff at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.76,0:05:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learned all the dots, but no one ever\Nteaches you how to connect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.20,0:05:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the word carbohydrates is the big clue,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.54,0:05:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because it stands\Nfor carbon atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.90,0:05:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been hydrated by -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.28,0:05:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, if you're dehydrated,\Nyou need to drink water.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.72,0:05:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And water has a chemical formula,\Nwhich stands for a bunch of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.19,0:05:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where do these carbohydrates\Nthat you eat come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.91,0:06:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean what is this stuff?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.46,0:06:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it all starts in plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.50,0:06:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Step 1 in making carbohydrates\Nis plants suck water out of the soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.70,0:06:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They take the water molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.20,0:06:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stick it into a molecule\Ncalled chlorophyll,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.26,0:06:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've all heard of.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.50,0:06:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes a photon of sunlight\Nto zap that bond and zap that bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.54,0:06:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we have the atoms free.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.45,0:06:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do that twice,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.45,0:06:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've got enough atoms now\Nto make an oxygen molecule,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.22,0:06:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the waste product\Nof photosynthesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.40,0:06:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, you breathe that stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.31,0:06:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every oxygen molecule you inhale\Ncame from two water molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.98,0:06:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step 2 is to take carbon dioxide\Nout of the air into the leaf,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.57,0:06:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into a chemical process,\Nwhich is called the Calvin Cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.56,0:06:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you get six carbon atoms\Nand stick them together,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.50,0:06:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make glucose,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.17,0:06:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the most important\Ncarbohydrate in the cosmos.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.95,0:06:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you rearrange those atoms,\Nthen you can make fructose,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.65,0:06:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what sugarcane does,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.29,0:06:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I have a stalk of over there,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.99,0:07:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you stick it in sunlight,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.56,0:07:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will turn carbon dioxide\Nand water into sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.98,0:07:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you stick glucose to fructose,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.78,0:07:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get table sugar,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.94,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you stick galactose to glucose,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.05,0:07:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get another famous disaccharide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.18,0:07:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called lactose.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.96,0:07:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're lactose intolerant,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.89,0:07:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't break the bonds between\Nthis oxygen atom and its neighbours.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.74,0:07:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of this stuff is understandable\Nif you know about atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.40,0:07:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it all starts in plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.92,0:07:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you don't just eat carbohydrates.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.76,0:07:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's everything that you eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.64,0:07:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the macronutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.49,0:07:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've looked at carbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.86,0:07:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's fats.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.98,0:07:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three most common\Nfatty acids in nature?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.37,0:07:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,palmitic acid gets its name from palm oil,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.42,0:07:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oleic from olive oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.100,0:07:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's only three atoms there though.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.86,0:07:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three kinds. Three elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.94,0:07:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you stick those three fatty acids\Nto a glycerin molecule,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.88,0:07:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll make a triglyceride.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.68,0:07:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what olive oil is;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.02,0:07:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what every fat in nature is.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.97,0:08:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the fat in your fat cells\Nthat you want to lose
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.63,0:08:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're trying to lose weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.70,0:08:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you burn it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.97,0:08:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you're really doing is turning it\Ninto carbon dioxide and water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.22,0:08:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You call it metabolism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.33,0:08:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People say they're burning fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.81,0:08:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means you're turning it\Ninto carbon dioxide and water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.61,0:08:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's two ways to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.32,0:08:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main highway is called\Nthe beta oxidation pathway,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.94,0:08:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's another way\Ncalled the ketogenic pathway,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.82,0:08:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the low-carb people\Nwill be all over this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.27,0:08:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's taking fatty acids and turning them\Ninto smaller molecules -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.48,0:08:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acetyl acetate - which can then\Nbe turned into acetone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.40,0:08:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beta hydroxybutarate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.35,0:08:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the point is you still add oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.73,0:08:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it still turns\Ninto carbon dioxide and water,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.10,0:08:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it doesn't matter\Nwhat kind of diet you're on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.82,0:08:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're burning fat,\Nyou're turning it into CO2 and H2O.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.47,0:08:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And alcohol's made\Nof the same three atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.96,0:08:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protein's an interesting one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.40,0:08:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's made out of 20 kinds of amino acids,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.01,0:08:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's only two more kinds of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.13,0:08:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for all their complexity,\Nthere's only five elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.10,0:09:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you eat them -\Nwell, let's take a look.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.93,0:09:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because to make a human,\Nyou need those 20 amino acids.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.32,0:09:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the protein in nature\Nis made out of these 20 amino acids.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.64,0:09:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A baby, a human,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.21,0:09:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 60% water, 16% protein, 19% fat\Nand 5% a bit of other stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.35,0:09:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you burn protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.46,0:09:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you eat a lot of it,\Nyou can't store it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.50,0:09:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you'll burn it, and you'll turn it\Ninto carbon dioxide and water,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.94,0:09:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit of urea and some sulfate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.94,0:09:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those two things will end up\Nin the toilet via your bladder,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.08,0:09:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now you know\Nwhere everything that you eat goes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.55,0:09:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might be wondering, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.28,0:09:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm eating carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.09,0:09:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's all this talk about diets?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.64,0:09:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly, this junk diet is also made\Nof nothing but carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.21,0:09:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you're not getting\Nmany vitamins and minerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.63,0:09:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's take a look at those.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.41,0:09:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's all 14 vitamins\Nthat you need to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.75,0:10:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't eat them, you'll get scurvy,\Nberiberi rickets - you'll go blind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.50,0:10:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the amazing thing is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.18,0:10:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,per day, you only need\Nabout half a gram of this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.35,0:10:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 14 elements that you have to take,\Nwe call them minerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.28,0:10:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.30,0:10:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the recommended daily intakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.83,0:10:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you stick all that together,\Nit's seven grams worth of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.09,0:10:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.09,0:10:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why we call them micronutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.95,0:10:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I tell people this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.42,0:10:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first question I get asked is\N"So what? I just have to breathe more?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.86,0:10:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they'll start hyperventilating.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.05,0:10:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.24,0:10:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.38,0:10:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk to anyone who works in an ICU unit,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.61,0:10:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll tell you that a human\Nwho's lying perfectly still
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.41,0:10:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needs 3.5 millilitres of oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.23,0:10:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 2.6 to 2.9 millilitres of CO2\Nwill come out of them
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.07,0:10:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,per kilogram of that person.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.04,0:10:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I weigh 72 kilos,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.76,0:10:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that means I need about\N252 millilitres of oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.01,0:10:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to stay alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.56,0:11:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 15 litres per hour, and over here,\NI have an hour's worth of breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.02,0:11:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how much air I have to breathe
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.99,0:11:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to get that one balloon of oxygen\Ninto my bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.44,0:11:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A balloon is about 15 litres.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.75,0:11:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's how much oxygen I need per hour\Njust to stay awake and alive -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.62,0:11:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not awake, sorry - I mean alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.51,0:11:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's my resting metabolic rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.47,0:11:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that hour, when I breathe\Nall this air back out again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.05,0:11:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it'll have a balloon worth of CO2 in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.34,0:11:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these numbers just get better\Nand better and better.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.42,0:11:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you add up all the carbon\Natoms in that much CO2,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.41,0:11:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's 136 to 151 grams a day\Nof just carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.40,0:11:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about a kilo a week.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.92,0:11:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about 49 to 55 kilos a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.05,0:11:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to lose weight,\Ndon't eat that much carbon back in.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.68,0:11:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the whole key\Nto breathing yourself thin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.31,0:11:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doctors will - if you are not breathing,\Nthey will monitor your breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.20,0:11:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're having an operation,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.89,0:12:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anaesthetist\Nwill look for your breaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.96,0:12:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how much CO2\Nthere should be in your breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.73,0:12:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you hyperventilate,\Nyour body is not producing more CO2.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.06,0:12:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're just breathing out\Nmore than you need to,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.37,0:12:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so this will happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.54,0:12:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're pumping out\Nmore than you're making;
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.72,0:12:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the amount in your body will go down.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.17,0:12:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called hypocapnia.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.90,0:12:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will lead to a loss of consciousness\Nif you do it for too long.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.61,0:12:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some people ask me:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.72,0:12:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What about people\Nwho have COPD or emphysema?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.63,0:12:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could they get overweight\Nbecause they can't get rid of enough CO2?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.56,0:12:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they can't do the Calvin Cycle -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.16,0:12:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a plant can -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.29,0:12:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can't turn the CO2\Nthat you're not breathing out
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.89,0:12:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back into fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.90,0:12:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.67,0:12:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, there's a lot\Nof misconceptions about this business.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.05,0:12:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it takes a while to breathe out\Nthe carbon that you eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.61,0:12:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's have a look at how much carbon\Nyou can put in really quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.23,0:12:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I quite like this stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.71,0:12:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a lot of sugar\Nin lemon-flavoured soft drink.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.78,0:12:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the highest.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.01,0:13:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how much sugar are we talking about?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.79,0:13:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, one stick is 3 grams,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.62,0:13:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's 23\Nand a third of a stick in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.04,0:13:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to turn that much sugar\Ninto carbon dioxide and water,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.35,0:13:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, it's going to take a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.94,0:13:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to need to breathe in\Nthat much oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.43,0:13:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll make that much CO2.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.79,0:13:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much is that?\NIt's four balloons worth.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.99,0:13:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's four balloons' worth of CO2.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.28,0:13:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how long is it going to take me\Nto breathe out that much carbon?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.09,0:13:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to take me four hours
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.39,0:13:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I only breathe out one balloon\Nof carbon dioxide per hour
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.43,0:13:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I stay still,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.75,0:13:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if I go for a walk,\NI'll breathe it out in an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.34,0:13:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I run, it'll only take me 30 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.22,0:13:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why they say eat less, move more.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.38,0:13:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when you're moving more,\Nyou're breathing more.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.08,0:13:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's always CO2 in your breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.91,0:13:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about if we compare it\Nto something a bit healthier?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.58,0:13:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this has got vitamins\Nand amino acids
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.71,0:13:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the good stuff in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.71,0:13:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we take those ingredients,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.31,0:13:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we chuck it \Ninto the equation for food,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.92,0:14:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you discover that, actually,\Nit's four hours as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.88,0:14:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so is this tuna salad sandwich\Non organic wholemeal bread,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.72,0:14:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grown on the north side of the hill,\Nblessed by a monk, all the things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.69,0:14:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.71,0:14:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's still four hours \Nof breathing, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.91,0:14:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the point is they're not equivalent\Nin how healthy they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.24,0:14:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are equivalent\Nin how long they take to exhale.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.94,0:14:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An apple takes an hour;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.29,0:14:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fun size chocolate bar,\Nan hour, 10 minutes;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.19,0:14:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regular size, 3.5 hours;\Nand a king-sized, 5.25.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.52,0:14:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're trying to lose weight,\Ndon't drink soft drink,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.21,0:14:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's got carbon atoms in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.05,0:14:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drink water.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.52,0:14:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you like this stuff -\Nand who doesn't? -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.80,0:14:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a large coffee and a piece of cake.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.75,0:14:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 10 hours of breathing
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.81,0:14:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between breakfast and lunch.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.23,0:14:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So be careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.93,0:14:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A large, lovely burger\Nlike this guy - 7 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.97,0:14:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have a large fries with it, 13 hours;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.82,0:14:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large drink, 16 hours;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.85,0:14:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bang in a large sundae -\Nit's a whole day worth of breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.54,0:14:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see why\Nthere's an obesity epidemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.67,0:15:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no one knows what really\Nis going on in their body.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.69,0:15:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, usually, we talk about\Ncalories in, calories out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.48,0:15:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How's this information going to help you?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.71,0:15:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I would like to talk about\Natoms in, atoms out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.31,0:15:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you're counting calories,\Nyou're actually counting carbon atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.97,0:15:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the energy in food
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.79,0:15:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is wherever you see a carbon\Nand a hydrogen atom stuck together.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.60,0:15:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's in all food.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.48,0:15:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just - and it's sunlight\Nthat put that there.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.97,0:15:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my project that I really want to get up\Nand running here at Bundaberg
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.50,0:15:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is let's teach your children this,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.48,0:15:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.49,0:15:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little kids love learning about atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.42,0:15:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adults freak out at the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.29,0:15:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But little kids absolutely love it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.89,0:15:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Ithaca Creek\NState School in Brisbane.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.98,0:15:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a school in India,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.25,0:15:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these kids are using amino,\Nand they're making amino acids
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.01,0:15:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sticking them together\Nto build a protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.18,0:15:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do that with amazing resource\Nthat my friend Ian Stewart invented.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.84,0:16:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're called "sticky atoms".
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.37,0:16:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's a retired physics\Nand chemistry teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.79,0:16:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He taught in Brisbane.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.20,0:16:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have magnetic bonds\Nso three-year-olds, even younger,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.66,0:16:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can play with these things\Nand learn about atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.26,0:16:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the educators in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.17,0:16:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they conform to the concrete\Npictorial abstract way of teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.95,0:16:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a fantastic pedagogy,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.68,0:16:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Ian and I are hoping to work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.70,0:16:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took this out backstage,\Njust moments ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.59,0:16:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because what we want to do\Nis teach children
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.60,0:16:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's actually going on in their bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.62,0:16:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can't do that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.32,0:16:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're not talking about\Nthe atoms that they're made of.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.64,0:16:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.52,0:16:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the curriculum does not introduce\Nthe concept of atoms and molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.88,0:16:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until kids are in Grade 9,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.68,0:16:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't see the periodic table\Nuntil they're in Grade 10.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.26,0:16:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.41,0:16:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because a fellow called Jean Piaget,\Nwho was kind of a contemporary of Freud.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.68,0:16:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He thought that kids\Ncan't have these abstract thoughts
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.42,0:17:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they're about 14.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.09,0:17:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't use Freud's psychology anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.66,0:17:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still learn it, but we don't use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.35,0:17:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our curriculum
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.37,0:17:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is still under the spell\Nof a person who died long ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.80,0:17:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose ideas about education were, well,\Nsomeone had to have those ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.61,0:17:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they were wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.20,0:17:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I hope to see what happens\Nif kids grow up with this knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.91,0:17:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 10 years, what do obesity rates\Nlook like in a town like Bundaberg
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.15,0:17:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if all the children learn this\Nat primary school?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.40,0:17:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will they grow up to accept the advice
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.48,0:17:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that to lose weight, just eat less,\Nmove more and keep breathing?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.95,0:17:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.24,0:17:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)