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Hello! Welcome to[br]part three of our helping process series.

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This is the final part.

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So if you're jumping in now[br]and haven't watched videos one and two,

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in video one, we talk about[br]engagement and assessment,

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in video two, we talk about[br]planning and intervention,

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and now we have finally made it to[br]evaluation and termination.

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So probably watch these videos in order.

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But if not, if you're just jumping in now[br]that's totally okay.

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Hi, I'm Anna, I'm a social worker[br]and I make YouTube videos,

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both educational ones like this,[br]and then also just lifestyle videos

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giving a look into the life[br]of a social worker.

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The helping process[br]gives a general framework

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of a social worker-client interaction.

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Not too much more introduction needed.

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So we all start with evaluation.

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This is a step[br]that will look so super different

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depending on if you are a micro[br]or meso or macro social worker,

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but this step happens after engagement,[br]after assessment, after planning

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and sometimes after intervention,[br]but also kind of during intervention.

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Evaluation[br]is measuring the client's progress

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and determining if there is progress[br]being made toward the established goals.

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If you determine, yes,[br]there has been progress being made,

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what is the progress that's being made?[br]How do you know?

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Are there areas of intervention[br]that need to change?

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Maybe progress[br]isn't getting made in certain areas,

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and so something needs to go different[br]so that you can actually get an outcome.

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Do any goals need to change

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in order to better[br]match the presenting problem?

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Is the modality of intervention that was[br]chosen for this client still working?

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Is it still a good fit?

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And if the intervention[br]is working for the client,

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how do you know?

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Both in their own words[br]and then also in your observations?

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Evaluation is so super important because[br]it ensures that treatment is effective.

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It's not just playing around[br]with the client and seeing,

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"Okay, maybe this will help,[br]maybe this won't.

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Even if this isn't helping,[br]it's kind of fun for me,

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so I'm gonna keep doing it."

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Evaluation is ensuring that[br]what the client wants to work on,

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what the client wants to be done,[br]is progressing, is happening.

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So some tips to do it well

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is to have a flexible mindset[br]through intervention.

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Even though a program worked[br]really well for one specific high school,

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it does not necessarily mean

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the same results will be shown[br]in the high school you are working in,

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and you could be[br]really excited about the program

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and think it would be really fun[br]and really want to see it through.

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But if the results aren't there,[br]the results aren't there.

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What are some confounding factors[br]that may be affecting the process?

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What are the differences[br]between the high school you're working in

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and the one that the program[br]worked really well in?

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And can the program be altered to

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maybe better fit the high school[br]that you're working in?

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If something is not working after[br]a standard amount of time, adjust it.

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This doesn't mean,[br]"Okay after two sessions,

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if a client's presenting problem[br]isn't better, it needs to be changed."

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That's why I say[br]the standard amount of time.

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A reasonable amount of time[br]to expect progress or expect change,

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but progress isn't happening,[br]adjust.

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This will look different[br]depending on where you're at,

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but collect data continuously.

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This can be formal or informal.

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For example, some modalities of therapy

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have a client rate and monitor symptoms[br]throughout each week.

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Or maybe just rate and do a mood check[br]at the beginning of a session.

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If that's what you're doing,[br]then you can see over time,

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"Okay, what's changing?

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How many times are panic attacks[br]occurring during the week

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or whatever you're working on?

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Maybe it's a survey[br]given to community members.

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Maybe it's[br]collecting collateral information

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from parents and teachers about behavior[br]that you're working on with a child.

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Are there observable differences[br]in the classroom

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since I began work with this child?

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Pulling from our handy-dandy[br]code of ethics, 5.02,

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"Social workers[br]should monitor and evaluate policies,

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the implementation of programs,[br]and practice interventions.

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Social workers should promote[br]and facilitate evaluation and research

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to contribute to[br]the development of knowledge.

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Social workers should critically examine

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and keep current with emerging knowledge[br]relevant to social work

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and fully use evaluation[br]and research evidence

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in their professional practice."

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So, in the code of ethics, it says you[br]need to be doing some sort of evaluation.

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Now for everyone, that's not going to mean[br]working in a research lab

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conducting research studies.

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But even if it is just your personal,[br]one to one therapy client.

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Evaluating intervention.

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I also think this is[br]an important time to point out

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that some social workers specialize[br]in one part of this helping process.

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Maybe I should've mentioned this[br]in the previous videos.

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Some social workers,[br]their job is assessment,

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and then the client[br]moves on deeper into the agency

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to actually get the intervention.

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Or some social workers,[br]and this is why I bring it up now,

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specialize in evaluation.

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You can work in program evaluation[br]as a social worker.

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Sometimes this could be in-house[br]at a certain community agency.

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Or sometimes there's even consultants

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who will come in[br]whenever a company asks them to

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and evaluate programs[br]that they have going on

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related to some social issue.

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So social workers can, like,[br]specialize in the evaluation.

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Or social workers can be researchers.

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This is common, especially if you see[br]social workers with PhDs.

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PhDs have research components in them.

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Research in social work can cover

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so many broad, various topics[br]and subjects and points of the process.

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Sometimes[br]it might be defining a social problem,

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sometimes it might be[br]evaluating an existing program.

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Sometimes it might be evaluating[br]an existing policy.

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Sometimes it might be testing for[br]the effectiveness of an intervention.

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Research and evaluation[br]is a huge part of social work

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that sometimes isn't talked about as much,[br]because it's not always client facing.

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It can be,[br]but it's not always client facing.

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Pulling back from our handy-dandy[br]code of ethics, still 5.02,

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"Social workers engaged in[br]evaluation or research

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should carefully consider[br]possible consequences

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and should follow guidelines

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developed for the protection[br]of evaluation and research participants.

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Social workers should[br]inform participants of their right to

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withdraw from evaluation and research[br]at any time without penalty.

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Social workers should[br]take appropriate steps

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to ensure that participants[br]in evaluation and research

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have access to[br]appropriate supportive services.

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Social workers engaged in evaluation[br]or research should protect participants

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from unwarranted physical and mental[br]distress, harm, danger or deprivation.

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Social workers should report evaluation[br]and research findings accurately."

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So that section is specific to

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the people who specifically work in[br]research and evaluation,

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because there is ethics[br]involved in that, too.

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Because there are research[br]participants involved.

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Even if it's not necessarily client facing[br]in the same way that micro one to one is,

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or even that macro is,[br]working with communities,

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it is still so important to be ethical

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as a social worker[br]in evaluation and in research.

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But anytime you hear about,[br]"Oh, use evidence-based practices."

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The evidence comes from social workers[br]working in research.

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It's like they're laying the foundation[br]for the field.

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An evaluation of your intervention[br]or your practice

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might be something[br]that's regulated at the agency work in.

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For example, it could be like[br]every three months or so,

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you check in on treatment plans,

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see what the progress is,[br]see if anything needs to be adjusted.

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But and this is the big one,[br]what happens whenever services are done?

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I feel like[br]termination is such a big word.

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It does remind of like the Terminator,[br]I'm going to terminate a client,

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but it just means ending services.

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Termination is the step of[br]the helping process that–

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I mean, all of them need to be[br]treated with so much care,

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but termination especially[br]needs to be treated with so much care.

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Termination starts to occur throughout[br]the entire therapeutic relationship.

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And what I mean by that is that

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through the entire time[br]you're interacting with the client,

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you're preparing them[br]to not need you anymore.

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Termination is not just one session,

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and failure to terminate well[br]could be abandonment of a client.

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There is a podcast episode[br]from the podcast Very Bad Therapy.

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Where they go into termination

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and I think it could be interesting[br]for you to listen to

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because it goes deeper into specific[br]perspectives and theoretical backgrounds

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that I'm not necessarily[br]going to touch on today,

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so I'll link it[br]down in the description below.

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The podcast hosts have backgrounds[br]in marriage and family therapy,

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but they do bring in[br]the ASWB code of ethics,

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and they discuss in individual[br]therapy settings more about termination.

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So that could be interesting for you.

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But for our purposes today,[br]just thinking about termination

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when treatment is no longer[br]serving the client's needs

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or is no longer necessary for the client,[br]services should be ended.

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If the presenting problem[br]has been addressed

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and treatment goals have been met[br]with no new presenting problems coming up,

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treatment should be ended.

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Now, if a new presenting problem arises,

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then a new helping process[br]can kind of begin

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where you assess and figure out and plan.

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As social workers,

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honestly our goal is for our clients[br]to no longer need our services

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because we are promoting empowerment,[br]we're promoting independence.

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In a perfect world,[br]the end of a therapeutic relationship

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would never[br]come as a surprise to a client.

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But obviously we don't live[br]in a perfect world.

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So instead, it is important to always be[br]ethical whenever services are ending.

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And we have a responsibility[br]to do our due diligence

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to treat termination with so much care.

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That's coming from[br]whenever a social worker ends services.

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A client is free to terminate services[br]at any time that they would like.

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Termination can hold many different[br]emotions for both client and social worker,

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and our job is to support clients

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however they're experiencing it[br]and however they need it.

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Some people may feel[br]joy and pride because,

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"Woohoo![br]I finished my treatment goals,

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I have all these new skills,[br]I'm ready to take on the world."

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Other people may feel[br]more fear and anxiety because,

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"Uh-oh, I have to rely on my own self[br]and my own support

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to keep up the progress I've made."

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So some tips to do it well,

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these are coming[br]straight from the code of ethics

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because it gives very pointed guidelines[br]on how to terminate well.

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"Social workers should terminate services To clients and professional. Relationships with them when such services[br]and relationships are no longer required or no longer serve[br]the client's needs or interests.

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Social workers should take[br]reasonable steps to avoid abandoning. Clients.[br]Who are still in need of services."

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Abandoning means no preparation,[br]no referrals outwards

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so that they can continue service[br]if they need it.

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"Social workers should withdraw services precipitously only under unusual circumstances,[br]giving careful consideration to all factors in the situation and taking care to minimize possible adverse effects."

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I think you can tell from that language[br]there is a lot of.

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Responsibility on a social worker[br]to terminate.

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Well, and this. Means not leaving[br]client hanging if.

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They are mid intervention.

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You have not finished up[br]treatment goals have not been met.

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There's a big. Responsibility. On you.

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If services are going to have to end[br]from your end from

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for some sort of reason,[br]for you to connect them with services,

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for you to end the relationship[br]while taking care to minimize.

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Possible adverse effects.

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Social workers should assist[br]in making appropriate arrangements

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for continuation of services[br]when necessary.

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That's kind of how[br]I was mentioning the referrals outward.

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I can no.

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Longer provide you services,[br]but here are people who realistically can.

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Social workers who anticipate[br]the termination or interruption of.

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Services to clients[br]should notify clients promptly.

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And seek the transfer, referral[br]or continuation of services in relation.

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To the client's needs and preferences.[br]I was trying to.

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Keep these videos mostly educational.

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Because that's.

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What they are, but I think sometimes[br]examples are helpful.

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So for.

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Example, I just recently left a position[br]I had seven clients

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that I was seeing at the time, and I.[br]Gave three weeks notice to my employer.

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So I had three. Weeks to notify[br]and prepare.

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Clients[br]for termination of services with me.

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Now they are going[br]to continue their services.

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They are going to do so[br]with different people.

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And so in those three weeks,[br]we discussed feelings.

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That may have come up due to my leaving.

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We discussed plans for going forward,

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specifically, which clinician[br]were they going to go to for each client?

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It was different of how to transfer[br]clinicians best.

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Some wanted me to just.

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Meet by.

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Myself with their new person[br]and kind of give

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an overview of their chart[br]and what's been.

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Going on in their present day problems,[br]because then they felt empowered to just.

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Hit the ground[br]running with the new person.

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For some clients, they.

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Felt most comfortable[br]doing joint sessions with me, their new

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clinician and themselves[br]just to kind of pass the.

0:10:04.203,0:10:04.770
Baton.

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Get to transition into a new person[br]more comfortably.

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Some clients who.

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Felt very confident with[br]the change was like,

0:10:09.875,0:10:11.744
no big deal, I'll just pick up where I.

0:10:11.744,0:10:14.347
Left off. With you. With them.[br]You don't have to do anything.

0:10:14.347,0:10:15.147
This is all good.

0:10:15.147,0:10:18.351
So it just it depends on the person[br]and it depends on what you're working on

0:10:18.351,0:10:18.884
in treatment.

0:10:18.884,0:10:20.219
But what would have been unethical.

0:10:20.219,0:10:22.755
For me in that time[br]was to not tell my clients before.

0:10:22.755,0:10:24.724
I was leaving and just on the day off,[br]maybe.

0:10:24.724,0:10:26.325
Like, okay, by the way,[br]this our last session.

0:10:26.325,0:10:27.927
You're going to this person. By.

0:10:27.927,0:10:30.029
Not would have been unethical[br]and could have led to.

0:10:30.029,0:10:31.263
Adverse effects, adverse.

0:10:31.263,0:10:33.232
Reactions, and would be closer to.

0:10:33.232,0:10:33.532
Client.

0:10:33.532,0:10:35.801
Abandonment[br]than putting in the front effort

0:10:35.801,0:10:39.138
to ensure a smooth continuation[br]of services for the.

0:10:39.138,0:10:40.606
Client. Back to our code of ethics.

0:10:40.606,0:10:42.808
Social workers who are leaving[br]an employment setting should.

0:10:42.808,0:10:44.443
Inform clients of appropriate options.

0:10:44.443,0:10:46.612
For continuation of services,[br]and that the benefits

0:10:46.612,0:10:49.382
and risks of the options[br]so similar to the previous point.

0:10:49.382,0:10:50.249
That we just talked about.

0:10:50.249,0:10:52.385
In this case,[br]thinking of my personal experience

0:10:52.385,0:10:53.786
as well recently, this meant that.

0:10:53.786,0:10:55.221
All of my clients had the option.

0:10:55.221,0:10:56.722
To discontinue mental health services

0:10:56.722,0:10:58.457
if they didn't want to start[br]with a new person.

0:10:58.457,0:11:00.092
Termination is social work.

0:11:00.092,0:11:02.261
Guided by a client[br]led in that how the client.

0:11:02.261,0:11:04.296
Felt determined how I proceeded.

0:11:04.296,0:11:06.132
But it's not on the client to lay out.

0:11:06.132,0:11:07.933
Steps for how they are going to continue.

0:11:07.933,0:11:09.869
Because. It is the clinician's. Job and.

0:11:09.869,0:11:12.104
Responsibility to terminate services.

0:11:12.104,0:11:15.141
Well, with that, social workers[br]may have a motion that rises due

0:11:15.141,0:11:17.476
to the end of therapeutic relationship.[br]With the client as. Well.

0:11:17.476,0:11:19.712
It is important to seek support,[br]maybe from.

0:11:19.712,0:11:21.380
Colleagues, and to process these.

0:11:21.380,0:11:24.850
Feelings in a safe space like supervision,[br]because they're not feelings

0:11:24.850,0:11:25.851
that should be ignored.

0:11:25.851,0:11:27.820
But also as a social worker, it.

0:11:27.820,0:11:29.922
Is not a client's job to process your.

0:11:29.922,0:11:32.491
Feelings, so there are safe spaces.[br]For you outside of the client.

0:11:32.491,0:11:33.325
But it's okay.

0:11:33.325,0:11:33.759
To have.

0:11:33.759,0:11:36.662
Some emotional responses[br]to ending therapeutic relationships.

0:11:36.662,0:11:40.800
So even though termination is the end,[br]ethical principles are just as important

0:11:40.800,0:11:41.500
and just as.

0:11:41.500,0:11:44.336
Applicable as the very beginning of the[br]helping process in the middle of the.

0:11:44.336,0:11:45.071
Helping process.

0:11:45.071,0:11:47.740
If you are in a situation[br]where you're going to begin termination.

0:11:47.740,0:11:48.607
With client, ask.

0:11:48.607,0:11:51.243
Questions and supervision,[br]or ask questions in your field seminar,

0:11:51.243,0:11:52.912
depending on which point of your career[br]you're at.

0:11:52.912,0:11:54.180
Because it is. A loaded part.

0:11:54.180,0:11:55.548
Of the social work process.

0:11:55.548,0:11:56.849
But obviously is a necessary.

0:11:56.849,0:11:58.651
Part because you're not going[br]to have any client. Forever.

0:11:58.651,0:12:02.455
Now, just like with the other two videos,[br]I have your reflection questions for you.

0:12:02.521,0:12:04.323
We didn't go over the social work[br]principles

0:12:04.323,0:12:06.125
at the beginning of this video,[br]but it's because I'm assuming

0:12:06.125,0:12:08.227
you just remembered them from the previous[br]two videos.

0:12:08.227,0:12:10.329
What does it look like[br]to help people in need and address

0:12:10.329,0:12:12.732
social problems[br]through evaluation and termination?

0:12:12.732,0:12:14.400
How can. Social injustice be.

0:12:14.400,0:12:16.769
Challenged through evaluation.[br]And termination?

0:12:16.769,0:12:21.073
How can you respect the inherent worth[br]and dignity of a person through evaluation

0:12:21.073,0:12:21.941
and termination?

0:12:21.941,0:12:22.308
How can.

0:12:22.308,0:12:25.111
You centralize the importance[br]of human relationships.

0:12:25.111,0:12:26.445
Through. Evaluation and termination?

0:12:26.445,0:12:29.415
How can you be trustworthy[br]through evaluation and termination?

0:12:29.415,0:12:31.317
And how can you ensure[br]that you are practicing

0:12:31.317,0:12:34.019
within your competence,[br]through evaluation and termination?

0:12:34.019,0:12:36.255
That is it for me for the helping process.

0:12:36.255,0:12:39.558
I hope that these three videos[br]were beneficial to you or helpful to you,

0:12:39.558,0:12:41.761
caused you to think a little bit,[br]maybe learn a little bit.

0:12:41.761,0:12:43.629
The best way that you can thank me[br]if you did

0:12:43.629,0:12:45.931
is by liking this video[br]and subscribing to the channel,

0:12:45.931,0:12:47.867
so you can see all future ones[br]that are to come.

0:12:47.867,0:12:50.069
Great job[br]social workers! I'll see you next time.

0:12:53.973,0:12:56.976
I do better things with my time.

0:12:57.243,0:12:59.445
Try to make your daily.