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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PRESENTER 1: Stammering\Nor stuttering-- causes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.51,0:00:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs and symptoms,\Ndiagnosis, and treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.47,0:00:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuttering or stammering is a\Nspeech disorder that is also
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.95,0:00:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as difficult speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.26,0:00:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuttering specifically\Nincludes the following--
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.87,0:00:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1, an uneven rate of speech;\N2, halted or interrupted
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.40,0:00:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech production;\Nand 3, repeated words,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.86,0:00:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,syllables and sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.04,0:00:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuttering is a highly\Ncommon phenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.72,0:00:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affecting between 5%\Nto 10% of all children.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.70,0:00:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It mostly occurs in\Nchildren between two and six
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.58,0:00:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.02,0:00:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While most children\Nwill not carry a stutter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.18,0:00:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond childhood,\N25% of children
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.61,0:00:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't lose\Ntheir stutter will
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.26,0:00:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be affected by it as adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.72,0:00:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intervening early can help\Na child stop stammering
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.51,0:00:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nullify all chances of them\Ncarrying it into adulthood.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.86,0:00:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a deeper\Nlook into stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.62,0:00:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.55,0:00:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most common causes of\Nstuttering or stammering
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.61,0:00:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,include--
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.54,0:01:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1, family dynamics;\N2, neurophysiology;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3, issues in development\Nduring childhood;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.47,0:01:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4, a family history\Nof stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.51,0:01:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furthermore, injuries and trauma\Ncan also result in stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.68,0:01:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sustaining an injury to\Nthe brain from a stroke
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.13,0:01:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can cause stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.43,0:01:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, severe\Nemotional trauma
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.06,0:01:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also cause stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.87,0:01:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuttering is believed\Nto run in families,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.35,0:01:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the part of the\Nbrain that governs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.09,0:01:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech and language may\Nbe abnormally developed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.12,0:01:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.84,0:01:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children of parents who\Nhave stuttered usually
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.44,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stutter as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Signs and symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.83,0:01:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three different types of\Nstuttering can affect a person.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.13,0:01:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Developmental stuttering\Noccurs when a child
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.47,0:01:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is developing their speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.16,0:01:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their mouth may take\Ntime to build up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.13,0:01:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their language abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.75,0:01:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The development type goes\Naway without treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.79,0:01:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neurogenic stuttering\Noccurs when
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.64,0:01:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are abnormalities\Nbetween the brain signals
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.10,0:01:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the nerves or\Nmuscles of the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.60,0:02:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychogenic\Nstuttering originates
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.69,0:02:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the brain,\Nspecifically the part that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.89,0:02:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regulates speech and learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.06,0:02:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The symptoms across all\Nthese types are the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.12,0:02:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they include, 1, frustration\Nin trying to communicate;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.76,0:02:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2, occasional refusal to speak;\N3, noticeable physical changes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.58,0:02:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the face, such\Nas facial tics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.05,0:02:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extensive eye\Nblinking, lip tremors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.75,0:02:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and increased tension\Nin the upper face area.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.71,0:02:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4, pausing or hesitation\Nwhen starting to speak;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5, interjections or extra\Nsounds while speaking;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.26,0:02:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6, a tense voice; 7, rearranging\Nwords while speaking;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.26,0:02:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8, stretching outwards\Nwith longer sounds;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.01,0:02:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,9, repetition while speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.34,0:02:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, children are not aware\Nthat they are stuttering
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.37,0:02:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and may get used\Nto how they speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.63,0:02:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diagnosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.88,0:02:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no invasive test\Nto diagnose stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.75,0:03:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The diagnosis can be\Nmade by speech language
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.06,0:03:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pathologist based on the\Nsymptoms exhibited by a person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.30,0:03:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.20,0:03:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most stuttering does\Nnot require treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.91,0:03:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as children grow past\Nthe developmental stage
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.48,0:03:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stop stuttering with time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.97,0:03:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speech therapy is the\Nmost common treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.22,0:03:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for other kinds of stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.06,0:03:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speech therapy can\Nhelp with intonation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.48,0:03:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also reduce\Ninterruptions while speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.66,0:03:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gives a person the push\Nthey need to stop stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.21,0:03:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It helps increase self-esteem\Nand helps with pronunciation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.95,0:03:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enunciation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.78,0:03:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond speech therapy,\Nelectronic devices
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.33,0:03:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as voice recorders and\Nhearing aids can also help.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.73,0:03:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The former helps repeat\Nwhat has been said
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.36,0:03:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn where\Nthe mistakes lie.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.35,0:03:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While hearing aids can help\Nreduce background noise
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.98,0:03:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and increase focus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.79,0:03:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond this, no\Nspecific medication
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.36,0:03:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is known to help\Nwith stuttering.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.71,0:03:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PRESENTER 2: Thank you\Nfor watching our video.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.64,0:03:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please do not forget\Nto and share the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.28,0:04:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, please subscribe\Nto the channel
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.22,0:04:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stay updated on\Nour latest videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.30,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,