WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.510
PRESENTER 1: Stammering
or stuttering-- causes,

00:00:02.510 --> 00:00:06.470
signs and symptoms,
diagnosis, and treatment.

00:00:06.470 --> 00:00:09.950
Stuttering or stammering is a
speech disorder that is also

00:00:09.950 --> 00:00:12.260
known as difficult speech.

00:00:12.260 --> 00:00:14.870
Stuttering specifically
includes the following--

00:00:14.870 --> 00:00:19.400
1, an uneven rate of speech;
2, halted or interrupted

00:00:19.400 --> 00:00:22.860
speech production;
and 3, repeated words,

00:00:22.860 --> 00:00:25.040
syllables and sounds.

00:00:25.040 --> 00:00:27.720
Stuttering is a highly
common phenomenon,

00:00:27.720 --> 00:00:31.700
affecting between 5%
to 10% of all children.

00:00:31.700 --> 00:00:34.580
It mostly occurs in
children between two and six

00:00:34.580 --> 00:00:36.020
years of age.

00:00:36.020 --> 00:00:38.180
While most children
will not carry a stutter

00:00:38.180 --> 00:00:40.610
beyond childhood,
25% of children

00:00:40.610 --> 00:00:42.260
who don't lose
their stutter will

00:00:42.260 --> 00:00:44.720
be affected by it as adults.

00:00:44.720 --> 00:00:47.510
Intervening early can help
a child stop stammering

00:00:47.510 --> 00:00:51.860
and nullify all chances of them
carrying it into adulthood.

00:00:51.860 --> 00:00:54.620
Let's take a deeper
look into stuttering.

00:00:54.620 --> 00:00:55.550
Causes.

00:00:55.550 --> 00:00:58.610
The most common causes of
stuttering or stammering

00:00:58.610 --> 00:00:59.540
include--

00:00:59.540 --> 00:01:04.080
1, family dynamics;
2, neurophysiology;

00:01:04.080 --> 00:01:07.470
3, issues in development
during childhood;

00:01:07.470 --> 00:01:10.510
4, a family history
of stuttering.

00:01:10.510 --> 00:01:14.680
Furthermore, injuries and trauma
can also result in stuttering.

00:01:14.680 --> 00:01:17.130
Sustaining an injury to
the brain from a stroke

00:01:17.130 --> 00:01:18.430
can cause stuttering.

00:01:18.430 --> 00:01:21.060
Similarly, severe
emotional trauma

00:01:21.060 --> 00:01:22.870
can also cause stuttering.

00:01:22.870 --> 00:01:25.350
Stuttering is believed
to run in families,

00:01:25.350 --> 00:01:27.090
as the part of the
brain that governs

00:01:27.090 --> 00:01:30.120
speech and language may
be abnormally developed

00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:31.840
across generations.

00:01:31.840 --> 00:01:34.440
Children of parents who
have stuttered usually

00:01:34.440 --> 00:01:36.000
stutter as well.

00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:37.830
Signs and symptoms.

00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:41.130
Three different types of
stuttering can affect a person.

00:01:41.130 --> 00:01:43.470
Developmental stuttering
occurs when a child

00:01:43.470 --> 00:01:45.160
is developing their speech.

00:01:45.160 --> 00:01:47.130
Their mouth may take
time to build up

00:01:47.130 --> 00:01:48.750
their language abilities.

00:01:48.750 --> 00:01:51.790
The development type goes
away without treatment.

00:01:51.790 --> 00:01:53.640
Neurogenic stuttering
occurs when

00:01:53.640 --> 00:01:56.100
there are abnormalities
between the brain signals

00:01:56.100 --> 00:01:58.600
and the nerves or
muscles of the body.

00:01:58.600 --> 00:02:00.690
Psychogenic
stuttering originates

00:02:00.690 --> 00:02:02.890
from the brain,
specifically the part that

00:02:02.890 --> 00:02:05.060
regulates speech and learning.

00:02:05.060 --> 00:02:08.120
The symptoms across all
these types are the same.

00:02:08.120 --> 00:02:12.760
And they include, 1, frustration
in trying to communicate;

00:02:12.760 --> 00:02:18.580
2, occasional refusal to speak;
3, noticeable physical changes

00:02:18.580 --> 00:02:21.050
in the face, such
as facial tics,

00:02:21.050 --> 00:02:23.750
extensive eye
blinking, lip tremors,

00:02:23.750 --> 00:02:26.710
and increased tension
in the upper face area.

00:02:26.710 --> 00:02:30.640
4, pausing or hesitation
when starting to speak;

00:02:30.640 --> 00:02:35.260
5, interjections or extra
sounds while speaking;

00:02:35.260 --> 00:02:41.260
6, a tense voice; 7, rearranging
words while speaking;

00:02:41.260 --> 00:02:45.010
8, stretching outwards
with longer sounds;

00:02:45.010 --> 00:02:48.340
9, repetition while speaking.

00:02:48.340 --> 00:02:51.370
Often, children are not aware
that they are stuttering

00:02:51.370 --> 00:02:53.630
and may get used
to how they speak.

00:02:53.630 --> 00:02:54.880
Diagnosis.

00:02:54.880 --> 00:02:58.750
There is no invasive test
to diagnose stuttering.

00:02:58.750 --> 00:03:01.060
The diagnosis can be
made by speech language

00:03:01.060 --> 00:03:05.300
pathologist based on the
symptoms exhibited by a person.

00:03:05.300 --> 00:03:06.200
Treatment.

00:03:06.200 --> 00:03:08.910
Most stuttering does
not require treatment,

00:03:08.910 --> 00:03:11.480
as children grow past
the developmental stage

00:03:11.480 --> 00:03:13.970
and stop stuttering with time.

00:03:13.970 --> 00:03:16.220
Speech therapy is the
most common treatment

00:03:16.220 --> 00:03:18.060
for other kinds of stuttering.

00:03:18.060 --> 00:03:20.480
Speech therapy can
help with intonation

00:03:20.480 --> 00:03:23.660
and also reduce
interruptions while speaking.

00:03:23.660 --> 00:03:27.210
It gives a person the push
they need to stop stuttering.

00:03:27.210 --> 00:03:30.950
It helps increase self-esteem
and helps with pronunciation

00:03:30.950 --> 00:03:32.780
and enunciation.

00:03:32.780 --> 00:03:35.330
Beyond speech therapy,
electronic devices

00:03:35.330 --> 00:03:38.730
such as voice recorders and
hearing aids can also help.

00:03:38.730 --> 00:03:41.360
The former helps repeat
what has been said

00:03:41.360 --> 00:03:43.350
and learn where
the mistakes lie.

00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:45.980
While hearing aids can help
reduce background noise

00:03:45.980 --> 00:03:47.790
and increase focus.

00:03:47.790 --> 00:03:50.360
Beyond this, no
specific medication

00:03:50.360 --> 00:03:54.710
is known to help
with stuttering.

00:03:54.710 --> 00:03:56.640
PRESENTER 2: Thank you
for watching our video.

00:03:56.640 --> 00:03:59.280
Please do not forget
to and share the video.

00:03:59.280 --> 00:04:01.220
Also, please subscribe
to the channel

00:04:01.220 --> 00:04:04.300
to stay updated on
our latest videos.

00:04:04.300 --> 00:04:05.000