[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.15,0:00:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [David] All right, readers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.23,0:00:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna talk about choosing text evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.36,0:00:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support a claim.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Readers have to do this all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.68,0:00:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You come across a question that asks you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.72,0:00:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the best text\Nevidence to prove a point.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.93,0:00:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got a passage in front of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.34,0:00:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe it's a thousand words,\Nmaybe it's a paragraph,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.71,0:00:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you have to support a claim
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the best text\Nevidence you can muster.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.30,0:00:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get to our main\Nexample for this video,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.36,0:00:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which let me just warn you up top
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.30,0:00:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a pretty spicy topic, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.15,0:00:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A real friendship ender. You ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.79,0:00:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep breath. Here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.74,0:00:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Defining question of our time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.30,0:00:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.09,0:00:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sounds silly, but this\Nfully went to the Supreme Court
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.85,0:00:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States in 1893.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.61,0:00:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nix versus Hedden was the name\Nof the case. Some background.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.48,0:00:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An 1883 law imposed\Nheavy taxes on vegetables
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.39,0:00:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imported from other\Ncountries, but not fruit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.35,0:00:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, scientifically speaking,\Ntomatoes are fruits.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.99,0:00:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They grow out of a flower
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.43,0:01:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they've got seeds on the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.23,0:01:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the argument that\NJohn Nix brought to the court.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a tomato is a fruit, you\Ncan't tax it as a vegetable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.98,0:01:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in his decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.66,0:01:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supreme Court Justice Horace Gray wrote,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.61,0:01:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Botanically speaking, tomatoes\Nare the fruit of a vine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.05,0:01:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as are cucumbers\Nsquashes, beans and peas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.35,0:01:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the common language of\Nthe people, whether sellers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.87,0:01:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or consumers of provisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.52,0:01:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these are vegetables which\Nare grown in kitchen gardens
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.67,0:01:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which whether eaten cooked or raw,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.01,0:01:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are like potatoes,\Ncarrots, parsnips, turnips,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.62,0:01:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beets, cauliflower, cabbage,\Ncelery, and lettuce,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.96,0:01:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually served at dinner in\Nwith or after the soup, fish
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.86,0:01:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or meats, which constitute the\Nprinciple part of the repast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.59,0:01:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not, like fruits\Ngenerally, as dessert."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.44,0:01:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's a repast? It's an\Nold fashioned word for meal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.41,0:01:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the principle part of a\Nrepast is the main course
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.29,0:01:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a meal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.67,0:01:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which evidence from\Nthis text best supports
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.64,0:01:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the court's claim that\Ntomatoes are vegetables?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.52,0:01:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll just make it easy,\Npare it down to three choices.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.61,0:02:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which of these three\Nbest supports that claim
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.52,0:02:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tomatoes equal vegetables?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.63,0:02:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause the video here and discuss. 3, 2, 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.39,0:02:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(bright music)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.34,0:02:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, and we're back.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.02,0:02:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's break down some of the evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.03,0:02:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Justice Gray uses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.45,0:02:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this first one here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.16,0:02:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tomatoes are the fruit of a\Nvine, just as are cucumbers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.42,0:02:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,squashes, beans and peas."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.11,0:02:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That sounds like it's\Nacknowledging the counterargument.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.98,0:02:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's saying, "Okay, technically
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.05,0:02:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tomatoes are botanically fruit."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.99,0:02:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while that may strengthen\Nthe overall argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.81,0:02:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because then you can swerve back around
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.03,0:02:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say "That's true, but,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.59,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's this even stronger evidence."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This evidence does not support the claim
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.19,0:02:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tomatoes are vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.39,0:02:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it says the opposite.\NSo let's cross that out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.47,0:03:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second one, "In the common\Nlanguage of the people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.14,0:03:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are vegetables."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.88,0:03:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's kind of a "Because\NI said so" argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.64,0:03:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the data that undergirds that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.83,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which people? How many people?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.51,0:03:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And does the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.34,0:03:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people believe a thing make it true?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.96,0:03:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People saying these plants are vegetables,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.40,0:03:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't really prove that\Nthey're vegetables, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.55,0:03:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nevertheless, this is stronger\Nthan "Tomatoes are fruit."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd call this relevant evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.93,0:03:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does provide some\Nsupport for the claim,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.21,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but is it the best evidence?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.76,0:03:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at the last piece.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.69,0:03:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Whether eaten cooked or raw,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.81,0:03:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vegetables are usually served at dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.45,0:03:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not like fruits\Ngenerally, as dessert."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.18,0:03:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this last one is all about\Nthat big list of vegetables,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.09,0:03:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including tomatoes that\Nare served for dinner
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.16,0:03:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not for dessert like a fruit would be.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.44,0:03:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a cultural\Ndefinition of a vegetable,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.78,0:03:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a question of how the food item is used,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.71,0:03:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is even stronger than\Nwhat the food item is called.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.78,0:03:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this is our best evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.51,0:03:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People use tomatoes like\Nvegetables when they eat them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.27,0:04:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they're vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.44,0:04:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good job. Option three.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.98,0:04:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are the best.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.90,0:04:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In your own writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.89,0:04:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you need to find supporting evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.69,0:04:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an argument that you're making,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.25,0:04:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look for those strong examples
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.14,0:04:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are directly linked\Nto the claim you're making.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.99,0:04:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep it as brief and as direct as you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.60,0:04:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Claim. My sister picked up a\Npackage for me when I was out.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.31,0:04:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evidence. My doorbell camera\Ncaptured her doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.62,0:04:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have every confidence\Nthat you'll be able
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.92,0:04:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find the best text\Nevidence for your claims.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.86,0:04:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my evidence for that\Nis you taking the time
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.56,0:04:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn With me today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.02,0:04:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can learn anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.98,0:04:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David, out.