[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.50,0:00:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tudjuk, hogy az elemek
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.44,0:00:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a protonszámuk alapján határozhatók meg.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.35,0:00:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mint például a kálium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.40,0:00:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lássuk a periódusos rendszert.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.15,0:00:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ezen a képen látható, nem teljes egészében,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.70,0:00:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,csak egy része.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.72,0:00:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A kálium atomjában 19 proton van.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.92,0:00:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ezt így jelölhetjük.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.36,0:00:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kissé túlmagyarázva
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.82,0:00:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tudjuk, hogy ha ez egy káliumatom,\Nakkor 19 protonja van.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.28,0:00:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,És azt is tudjuk, hogy\Nha egy atomban 19 proton van,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.72,0:00:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,akkor az kálium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.26,0:00:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Azt is tudjuk, hogy egy adott elemnek
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.92,0:00:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nem minden atomjában azonos\Na neutronok száma.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.26,0:00:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amikor egy olyan elemről beszélünk,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.34,0:00:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amelynek atomjaiban\Na neutronok száma eltérő,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.07,0:00:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,akkor ezeket az atomokat\Naz adott elem izotópjainak nevezzük.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.64,0:00:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A káliumatomnnak például
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.93,0:00:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,létezik olyan változata,\Namelyben 20 neutron van.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.98,0:00:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ezt kálium-39 névvel jelöljük.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.19,0:00:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A 39 a tömegszáma,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.76,0:00:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amely a 19 proton és 20 neutron\Nszámának az összege.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.71,0:00:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ez a kálium leggyakoribb izotópja.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.78,0:01:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Némi kerekítéssel ez teszi ki
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.36,0:01:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Földön található összes kálium 93,3%-át.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.76,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lássuk a kálium néhány további izotópját.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.04,0:01:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Itt van például\Nismét
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.24,0:01:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,K és 19
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.49,0:01:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kálium-41 is létezik.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.53,0:01:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ebben 22 neutron van.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.46,0:01:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22 meg 19 az 41.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.58,0:01:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ez teszi ki a bolygónkon található kálium 6,7%-át.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.18,0:01:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emellett létezik egy nagyon ritka káliumizotóp is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.55,0:01:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amelyet kálium-40-nek nevezünk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.89,0:01:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A kálium-40 neutronjainak száma 21,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.03,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,és ez az izotóp nagyon-nagyon ritka.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Az összes káliumnak csupán 0,00117%-át képezi.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.01,0:01:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,De egyben ez az a káliumizotóp,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.59,0:01:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amely érdekes a számunkra\Nabból a szempontból,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.35,0:01:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hogy alkalmas az idős kőzetek,\Nelsősorban vulkanikus kőzetek korának meghatározására.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.49,0:01:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amint látni fogjuk, \Naz idős vulkanikus kőzetek kormeghatározása
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.68,0:02:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meghatározhatjuk más típusú kőzetek
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.53,0:02:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vagy egyéb kövületek korát,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.81,0:02:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amelyek idős vulkanikus kőzetek közé ékelődtek.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.90,0:02:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A legérdekesebb dolog a kálium-40-et illetően az,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.57,0:02:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hogy a felezési ideje 1,25 milliárd év.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.19,0:02:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ennek az az előnye, hogy\Npéldául a szén-14-gyel szemben
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.40,0:02:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,igen-igen régi tárgyak korának meghatározására is alkalmas
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.95,0:02:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,v
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.52,0:02:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1,25 milliárd évenként
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.16,0:02:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,így jelölöm a felezési időt
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.66,0:02:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bármely adott mintának a fele elbomlik.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,11%-a átalakul aron-40 izotóppá.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.88,0:02:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ez itt az argon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.53,0:02:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18 protonja van.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.69,0:02:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Az argon-40 izotóppá való átlakulás során
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.96,0:02:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a káliumatom elveszít egy protont,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.05,0:02:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,de a tömegszáma változatlan marad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.06,0:02:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Az egyik proton tehát valahogyan átalakult neutronná.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.64,0:03:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Befogja az egyik belső elektront,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.24,0:03:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,majd kibocsájt ezt-azt,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.83,0:03:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aminek a kvantumfizikai részleteiben\Nnem fogok elmélyedni
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.66,0:03:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,de végül átalakul argon-40 izotóppá.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.38,0:03:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89% pedig kalcium-40 izotóppá.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.69,0:03:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amint azt a periódusos rendszerben is látjuk,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.06,0:03:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kalciumatom 20 protont tartalmaz.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.48,0:03:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.76,0:03:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.29,0:03:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.12,0:03:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.71,0:03:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.64,0:03:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.52,0:03:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.17,0:03:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.15,0:03:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.23,0:03:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.31,0:03:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.16,0:03:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.95,0:03:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.99,0:03:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.95,0:03:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.41,0:04:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.67,0:04:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.16,0:04:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.73,0:04:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.07,0:04:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.78,0:04:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.57,0:04:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.41,0:04:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.60,0:04:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.40,0:04:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.08,0:04:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.02,0:04:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.60,0:04:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.01,0:04:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.09,0:04:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.09,0:04:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.94,0:04:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.04,0:05:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.28,0:05:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.19,0:05:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.52,0:05:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.98,0:05:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.09,0:05:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.42,0:05:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.64,0:05:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.69,0:05:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.77,0:05:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.72,0:05:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.46,0:05:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.99,0:05:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.82,0:05:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.78,0:05:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.90,0:05:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.49,0:05:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.23,0:05:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.91,0:05:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.36,0:05:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.96,0:05:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.68,0:05:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.80,0:05:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.60,0:06:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.28,0:06:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.28,0:06:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.32,0:06:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.40,0:06:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.78,0:06:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.01,0:06:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.56,0:06:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.86,0:06:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.24,0:06:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.58,0:06:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.98,0:06:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.85,0:06:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.38,0:06:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.98,0:06:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.54,0:06:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.35,0:06:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.45,0:07:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.23,0:07:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.19,0:07:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.71,0:07:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.25,0:07:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.76,0:07:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.67,0:07:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.56,0:07:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.92,0:07:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.72,0:07:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.17,0:07:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.58,0:07:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.65,0:07:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.15,0:07:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.94,0:07:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.42,0:07:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.80,0:08:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.84,0:08:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.33,0:08:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.90,0:08:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.36,0:08:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.14,0:08:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.11,0:08:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.61,0:08:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.11,0:08:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.18,0:08:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.72,0:08:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.22,0:08:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.52,0:08:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.04,0:08:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.45,0:08:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.60,0:08:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.12,0:08:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.24,0:08:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.44,0:08:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.82,0:08:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.46,0:08:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.90,0:08:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.42,0:08:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.06,0:09:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.41,0:09:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.91,0:09:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.79,0:09:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.82,0:09:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.19,0:09:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.20,0:09:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.60,0:09:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.09,0:09:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.91,0:09:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.70,0:09:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.22,0:09:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.87,0:09:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.81,0:09:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.81,0:09:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.57,0:09:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.04,0:09:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.07,0:09:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.41,0:09:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.17,0:09:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.67,0:09:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.91,0:10:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.71,0:10:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.68,0:10:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.12,0:10:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.73,0:10:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.05,0:10:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.84,0:10:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.69,0:10:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.65,0:10:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.43,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.14,0:10:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.59,0:10:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,