[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.13,0:00:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the "Portrait Head of Queen Tiye
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.80,0:00:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a Crown of Two Feathers."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.33,0:00:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is believed to be dated to 1355 BCE
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.73,0:00:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Amarna Period, Dynasty 18,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.87,0:00:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in New Kingdom Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.70,0:00:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it is located
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.40,0:00:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Egyptian Museum\Nand Papyrus Collection
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Neues Museum in Berlin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.83,0:00:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In ancient Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.53,0:00:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gender played a significant role
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.93,0:00:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the social, religious,\Nand political spheres.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tasks and responsibilities\Nwere divided along gender lines
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.30,0:00:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with elite men responsible for doing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.63,0:00:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the administrative and bureaucratic work;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.67,0:00:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while elite women\Nwere the head of the household,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.77,0:00:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cared for children,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.23,0:00:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had important roles in temple rituals.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.40,0:00:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the royal courts of ancient Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.93,0:01:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labor was also gendered,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.90,0:01:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet queens had the biggest\Nresponsibility of all:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.30,0:01:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be the head of the royal household,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.40,0:01:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become impregnated by the king,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.50,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to give birth to the royal children.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once her children were born,\Nthe queen was expected to be
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.47,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mother of the future king
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.10,0:01:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and raise the royal children to adulthood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.67,0:01:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they would take over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.17,0:01:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as king and queen of Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.73,0:01:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Born of non-royal parents,\NQueen Tiye ascended to become
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.13,0:01:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most influential\Nwomen in ancient Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.80,0:01:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the role of her husband,\NKing Amenhotep III.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.87,0:01:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, they produced six children
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.47,0:01:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and later became the grandparents
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.53,0:01:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the famous King Tut.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.93,0:01:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Queen Tiye's role as queen was unique
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.33,0:01:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because her husband allowed\Nher more influence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.93,0:01:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than most queens were given.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.13,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Throughout Egyptian history, most queens
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.47,0:01:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably did not participate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.13,0:02:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in administration and diplomatic duties,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.23,0:02:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet we have documents supporting the case
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.43,0:02:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Queen Tiye participated in\Ninternational diplomacy actions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between Egypt and other countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.13,0:02:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was respected as a\Npolitical advisor, foreign diplomat,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.03,0:02:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is noted to have been\Nthe first Egyptian queen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have her name\Nreported on official acts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.30,0:02:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was commonly referred to as
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.27,0:02:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Great Wife of the King"\Nin scribal work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.67,0:02:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After her husband died,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.30,0:02:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her son Akhenaten\Ninherited his father's throne
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.73,0:02:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the age of ten.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.63,0:02:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Queen Tiye's importance continued to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.97,0:02:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elevate through her son's role.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.63,0:02:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statue of Queen Tiye\Nis a remarkable one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.43,0:02:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is made of Yew wood with\Neyes of ebony and alabaster,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.90,0:02:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and displays a number\Nof key artistic elements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.57,0:02:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provide insight into\Ngender roles of royal women
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.40,0:03:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an ancient Egyptian culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.43,0:03:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The artistic rules o\Nancient Egypt were to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.23,0:03:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represent both men and women\Nat the height of their life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.33,0:03:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a youthful and attractive appearance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.03,0:03:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can see in the statue of Queen Tiye
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.53,0:03:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she has been depicted\Nas an older queen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.13,0:03:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with signs of age etched into her forehead
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.83,0:03:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the folds along\Nthe sides of her mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.53,0:03:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some scholars believe that\Nthis was intended to show her as a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.93,0:03:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high-status elder and\Nqueen mother in the royal house.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.27,0:03:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look closely at the statue,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.93,0:03:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see that there are\Ntwo distinct headdresses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.97,0:03:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a brown outer cap\Nmade of linen, wax, and glue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.90,0:03:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that covers a headdress made of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.97,0:03:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silver, gold, and semi-precious stones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.23,0:03:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computer scans of the statue reveal that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.27,0:03:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the headdress underneath was made of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egyptian acacia wood and\Ncovered in silver with gold nails,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.23,0:04:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bound tightly around the\NQueen's forehead and temples.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.23,0:04:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of the damage\Nof the brown covering,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see one revealed earring
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.87,0:04:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the exposed silver\Nabove the gold headband,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.37,0:04:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been darkened by corrosion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can imagine what it may\Nhave looked like in antiquity:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.57,0:04:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely covered with silver,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.80,0:04:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four golden cobras,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.60,0:04:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two ear ornaments,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.30,0:04:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stones of blue,\Neye-catching lapis lazuli.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.07,0:04:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two gold clips on the front headdress
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.47,0:04:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are markers of a missing crown
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.87,0:04:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would have signaled\Nher status as queen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.30,0:04:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wife of the pharaoh.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.20,0:04:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brown outer cap
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.07,0:04:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is suspected to have been added
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.13,0:04:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to signal a demotion in status
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.23,0:04:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the wife of the pharaoh
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.50,0:04:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the mother of the next pharaoh.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.17,0:05:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another notable aspect of this crown
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.90,0:05:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the gold, double-feather crown,\Nsun disc, and cow horns.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.97,0:05:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In royal artwork, queens were\Nshown with divine insignia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.40,0:05:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the vulture headdress\Nand the cobra Uraeus,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.80,0:05:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was also worn by the king
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.87,0:05:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mythical goddesses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.60,0:05:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mark their divine rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.13,0:05:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This insignia on Queen Tiye's crown
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.27,0:05:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is symbolic of the goddesses\NHathor, Nekhbet, and Wadjet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.67,0:05:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who represented protection,\Nfertility, and sexuality.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.10,0:05:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sun disc, known as the Aten,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.70,0:05:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is believed to be a reference to\Nthe monotheistic religion
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.80,0:05:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that her son Akhenaten founded,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.13,0:05:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dedicated to Amun,\Nthe god of the sun and the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.90,0:05:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the king's great royal wife,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.57,0:05:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the queen had an important role
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.43,0:06:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sacred rituals of honoring the gods
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.17,0:06:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and temples and religious ceremonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.33,0:06:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her role was to uphold\Nthe duality of kingship
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.13,0:06:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mythological rituals,\Nand to take on the role
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.73,0:06:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the king's divine feminine counterpart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.53,0:06:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we could see the\Nforce this queen possessed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.07,0:06:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the reign of her husband,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.30,0:06:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a number of monuments left over
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.67,0:06:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the ancient city of Thebes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.43,0:06:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will consider one such monument:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.03,0:06:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the colossal statue of Amenhotep III
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.70,0:06:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Tiye.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.93,0:06:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This statue was found in Medinet Habu,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.17,0:06:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Western Thebes, or modern day Luxor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.67,0:06:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is now located
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.27,0:06:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the main hall of the\NEgyptian Museum in Cairo.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.83,0:06:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing at seven meters tall,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.10,0:06:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this limestone statue
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.37,0:06:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the tallest dyad ever found.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statue depicts Amenhotep III\Nand Queen Tiye,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.63,0:07:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seated side-by-side.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a significantly smaller scale
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.30,0:07:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are their three daughters\Nstanding around them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.50,0:07:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Queen is wearing a tight-fitted,\Nankle length dress
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.37,0:07:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a long, heavy, braided wig.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.23,0:07:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her headdress is composed\Nof a vulture head
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.87,0:07:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a double Uraeus
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.43,0:07:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believed to be linked to\Nthe double falcon feather
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.97,0:07:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she wears in the bust.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.60,0:07:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most prominent feature of the statue
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.50,0:07:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the comparable scale of the\NQueen and her husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.67,0:07:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Queen sits at\Napproximately equal height
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.83,0:07:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Amenhotep III, a site rarely seen
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.50,0:07:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ancient monuments,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.17,0:07:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a true marker of the Queen's ability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.83,0:07:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to traverse the traditional bounds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ancient Egyptian queenship.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.80,0:07:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This indicator of her status\Ncan be compared
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.87,0:07:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to her depiction in the bust,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the sculptor\Navoids portraying her
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.43,0:08:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a flawless and\Ninfinitely youthful queen
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.47,0:08:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a gentle gaze.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.93,0:08:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, the Queen stares off\Nat her spectators
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.87,0:08:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a gaze of authority
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.63,0:08:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and undisputed power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.67,0:08:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This representation could be interpreted
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.90,0:08:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as placing the queen on\Na nearly equal status
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.27,0:08:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to that of the king,\Nwho can casually be portrayed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.67,0:08:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with signatures of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.73,0:08:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps to emphasize that this queen
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.03,0:08:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possessed a wisdom and dominance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.70,0:08:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far overshadowing\Nher traditional importance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.33,0:08:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as simply the bearer\Nto Egypt's next pharaoh.