[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.30,0:00:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Instructor] Almost all\Nthe matter in the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.86,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the tiniest microbes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the biggest stars in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.92,0:00:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are made from a few about\N100 different elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.92,0:00:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we arrange this\Nway in a table called
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.92,0:00:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the periodic table.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.27,0:00:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But wait a second, why are\Nthey arranged like this
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.97,0:00:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why do they have these colors?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.71,0:00:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you were to zoom into it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.12,0:00:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see these different numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.62,0:00:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do they represent?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.30,0:00:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's find out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.83,0:00:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost these\Nelements have symbols, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.20,0:00:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,H for hydrogen, He for helium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.72,0:00:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, turns out these\Nsymbols are universal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.09,0:00:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's pretty cool,\Nwhich means if you're
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.77,0:00:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at this Chinese\Nperiodic table, look,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.44,0:00:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the symbols stay the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.76,0:00:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in Latin H for\Nhydrogen, He for helium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.76,0:00:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similar is the case for this\Nperiodic table in Hindi, one
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.28,0:00:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Indian languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.69,0:00:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course the elements\Nhave different names in Hindi
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.85,0:00:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for iron we call loha.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.46,0:00:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the the important thing is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.44,0:00:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the symbol stays the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.63,0:00:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the symbols are universal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.82,0:00:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the next question is, what exactly are
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.08,0:00:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the numbers over here?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.10,0:00:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.93,0:00:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with the number on the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.44,0:01:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it starts with one for\Nhydrogen and then two for helium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.53,0:01:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then if you zoom\Nin, three for lithium,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.81,0:01:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four for beryllium,\Nand so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.30,0:01:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, these numbers are identification
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.58,0:01:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,numbers of these elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.87,0:01:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we u name to it, we\Ncall it the atomic number.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.65,0:01:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, if I say the\Nelement with atomic number 22,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.52,0:01:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well that's always going to be titanium,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.41,0:01:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,element with atomic number five\Nis always going to be boron.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.53,0:01:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so these are integers,\Nthey are continuous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.38,0:01:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the last element has\Nthe atomic number 118,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.62,0:01:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called Oganesson.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.15,0:01:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fun fact elements up to uranium,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.65,0:01:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has the atomic number\N92 are naturally occurring,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.56,0:01:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the elements after that\Nare pretty much synthesized in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.87,0:01:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labs as far as we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.19,0:01:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do not occur in nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.57,0:01:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about the second number?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.13,0:01:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's called the atomic mass
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.53,0:01:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it tells us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.49,0:01:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how massive this element\Nis compared to hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.30,0:01:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, just to give us some examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.22,0:01:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at hydrogen's\Natomic mass, it's 1.008 right,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.66,0:01:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now that is in some unit\Ncalled the atomic mass unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.97,0:01:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't worry too much about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.29,0:01:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now if you look at helium,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.64,0:02:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's atomic mass is 4.003.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.52,0:02:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means an atom of helium\Nis about four times more
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.27,0:02:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive compared to the atom of hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.91,0:02:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the meaning of atomic mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.62,0:02:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The atom of gold is about 1.97\Ntimes more massive compared
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.22,0:02:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hydrogen and so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.62,0:02:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, one technical detail is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.30,0:02:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this number is in average value.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.73,0:02:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is actually an\Naverage atomic mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.82,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason for that is because these
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elements can have variance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.38,0:02:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, not all the\Ngold atoms will have the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.86,0:02:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exact same mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.03,0:02:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some will be slightly\Nmore massive science,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.60,0:02:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some will be slightly less massive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.12,0:02:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this number here\Nrepresents the average value.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.57,0:02:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This would be true for\Nall the other elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.94,0:02:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have variance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.74,0:02:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these variance are called isotopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.23,0:02:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll learn more about\Nthem in high school chemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.09,0:02:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't worry too much about it right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.53,0:02:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, the next question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.70,0:02:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's the deal with these colors?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.35,0:02:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the colors helps us\Ncategorize the elements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.36,0:02:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into three categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.68,0:02:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pink ones are called metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.14,0:02:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue ones are called non-metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.99,0:03:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about these green ones over here?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.09,0:03:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well even kind of think they're\Nsomeone somewhat in between.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.25,0:03:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we call them metalloids.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.71,0:03:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, the color schemes\Nare definitely not universal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.77,0:03:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different periodic tables\Nmight use different colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.99,0:03:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So better way to think about it is we,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.61,0:03:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we draw a zigzag line over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.83,0:03:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the elements to the left
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.36,0:03:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this zigzag would be metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.46,0:03:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the elements to the\Nright would be non-metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.22,0:03:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these elements which\Nare in between over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.19,0:03:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are the metalloids.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.83,0:03:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, this\Ndistinction doesn't make sense
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.40,0:03:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for these extremely heavy elements
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.90,0:03:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we synthesize in labs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.01,0:03:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, anyways, this brings us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.14,0:03:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the most important thing now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.49,0:03:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is the structure\Nof this periodic table.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.47,0:03:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you count the horizontal rows,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.21,0:03:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.74,0:03:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horizontal rows, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.84,0:03:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These horizontal rows are
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.80,0:03:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we call the periods\Nof the periodic table.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.19,0:03:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And similarly, if you're to\Nlook at the vertical columns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.52,0:03:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.31,0:03:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's just wait.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.33,0:03:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should wait, 18.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.66,0:04:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 18 vertical columns,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.99,0:04:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are called the\Ngroups of the periodic table.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.78,0:04:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's look at them a\Nlittle bit more closely.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.62,0:04:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this basically means that\Nif I look at this element,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.75,0:04:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say chromium, it belongs\Nto period four groups six.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.83,0:04:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at carbon,\Nit belongs to period two,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group 14, and so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.90,0:04:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about these elements?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.40,0:04:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if you look at the atomic\Nnumber carefully, it starts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.16,0:04:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with 57 and you can see\N57 to 70s over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.80,0:04:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these actually belong to period six,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.95,0:04:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this belongs to period seven.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.80,0:04:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not like a new period.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.63,0:04:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.46,0:04:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's interesting for\Nus is the groups elements
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.62,0:04:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that belong to the same group tend
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.60,0:04:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have similar properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.90,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why some of\Nthese groups have names.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, elements belonging
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.26,0:04:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to group one are called alkaline metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.54,0:04:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elements belonging to group two are called
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.31,0:04:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alkaline Earth Metals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.56,0:04:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Group 17 elements like fluorine, chlorine,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.77,0:04:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all they're called halogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.81,0:05:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And group 18 are called the noble gases.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.01,0:05:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, these elements in group one,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.81,0:05:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the alkaline metals, they're\Nall soft and squishy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.84,0:05:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, look at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.86,0:05:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is sodium.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.94,0:05:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can cut it like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.05,0:05:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of like clay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.64,0:05:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also have silvery color
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.17,0:05:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have very low melting points.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.79,0:05:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their behaviors are\Nsimilar in chemical reactions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.89,0:05:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if you were\Nto put them in water,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.38,0:05:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all react violently.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.42,0:05:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.67,0:05:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.63,0:05:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group 11 elements like\Ncopper, silver, and gold.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.02,0:05:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're all metals and\Nthey're all very shiny
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.36,0:05:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and super hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.92,0:05:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are malleable, which\Nmeans they can be hammered into
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.38,0:05:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shapes and ductile,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.12,0:05:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they can also\Nbe pulled into wires.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.90,0:05:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at group\N17 elements, the halogens
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.60,0:05:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like fluorine, chlorine and so on, t
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.92,0:05:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hey are quite chemically reactive.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.96,0:05:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the natural form,\Nthey can be dangerous,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.95,0:05:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they all form salts\Nas chemical reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.30,0:05:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why they're called halogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.35,0:05:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Halogens literally means salt formers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.54,0:05:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you might know about\Nsome of these salts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.58,0:05:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sodium chloride for example, table salt,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.26,0:05:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we all consume.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.40,0:06:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But guess what?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.23,0:06:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sodium iodide is also a salt.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.49,0:06:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sodium fluoride is also a salt,\Nwhich is used in toothpaste
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.89,0:06:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can help prevent decays,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.78,0:06:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but halogens can also\Nkill germs and bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.94,0:06:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore they're also found in a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.89,0:06:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sanitizers like bleach,\Nswimming pool chlorine,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.53,0:06:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.91,0:06:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a final example, if\Nyou look at noble gases,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.98,0:06:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the group 18 elements, well, first of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.48,0:06:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all gases,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.53,0:06:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more importantly, they\Npretty much resist chemical
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.20,0:06:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reactions altogether,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.40,0:06:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're found in tiny\Namounts in our atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.52,0:06:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you put these gases in glass tubes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.11,0:06:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and passive electricity\Nthrough them, they will glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.02,0:06:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, neon lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.22,0:06:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, of course not\Neverything that glows is neon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.23,0:06:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different elements can\Nhave different colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.88,0:06:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's pretty much it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.11,0:06:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to summarize, elements\Nhave the atomic number,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.96,0:06:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the ID
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.61,0:06:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the atomic mass number that tells you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.50,0:06:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how massive it is compared to hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.02,0:06:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're arranged in seven horizontal rows,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.99,0:06:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are called the periods,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.98,0:06:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the vertical columns\Nyou are called, the groups
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.35,0:06:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and elements that belong
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.49,0:06:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the same groups have\Nsimilar properties.