0:00:00.660,0:00:03.120
My, ľudia, vieme[br]už tisícky rokov –

0:00:03.120,0:00:05.341
– veď sa len rozhliadnite okolo seba –

0:00:05.341,0:00:06.840
– že existujú rôzne látky.

0:00:06.840,0:00:08.600
A tieto rozličné látky

0:00:08.600,0:00:10.120
zvyknú mať rozličné vlastnosti.

0:00:10.120,0:00:11.470
A nielen to;

0:00:11.470,0:00:13.400
jedna môže odrážať svetlo,

0:00:13.400,0:00:16.230
alebo ho neodrážať,[br]mať určitú farbu

0:00:16.230,0:00:20.390
alebo teplotu,[br]byť tekutinou, plynom alebo pevnou látkou.

0:00:20.390,0:00:22.290
Ale tiež si začíname všímať,

0:00:22.290,0:00:25.030
ako v určitých situáciách[br]na seba vzájomne reagujú.

0:00:25.030,0:00:27.410
Tu sú obrázky niektorých z týchto látok.

0:00:27.410,0:00:29.070
Toto je uhlík.

0:00:29.070,0:00:31.650
A máme ho tu vo forme grafitu.

0:00:31.650,0:00:33.910
Toto je olovo.

0:00:33.910,0:00:36.030
A toto je zlato.

0:00:36.030,0:00:38.750
A tieto všetky na obrázkoch,[br]ktoré som vám ukázal –

0:00:38.750,0:00:41.720
– a získal som ich z tejto webstránky –

0:00:41.720,0:00:43.460
– všetky sú v pevnom skupenstve.

0:00:43.460,0:00:45.830
Ale tiež vieme, že existujú

0:00:45.830,0:00:49.240
určité typy plynov[br]a určité typy plynových častíc.

0:00:49.240,0:00:51.090
A podľa toho, na aký typ týchto častíc

0:00:51.090,0:00:55.590
sa dívate, či je to uhlík,[br]kyslík alebo dusík,

0:00:55.590,0:00:57.790
zdá sa, že majú rozličné vlastnosti.

0:00:57.790,0:00:59.666
Alebo existujú iné veci,[br]ktoré môžu byť tekuté.

0:00:59.666,0:01:01.665
Alebo ak zvýšite[br]dostatočne vysoko teplotu

0:01:01.665,0:01:02.360
týchto látok.

0:01:02.360,0:01:04.485
Môžete, ak dostatočne zvýšite teplotu

0:01:04.485,0:01:06.440
zlata alebo olova,[br]môžete dostať kvapalinu.

0:01:06.440,0:01:10.360
Alebo ak nejako spálite tento uhlík,

0:01:10.360,0:01:12.020
môžete ho premeniť na plyn.

0:01:12.020,0:01:13.690
Môžete ho vypustiť do atmosféry.

0:01:13.690,0:01:14.880
Môžete rozbiť jeho štruktúru.

0:01:14.880,0:01:18.530


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