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My, ľudia, vieme
už tisícky rokov –

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– veď sa len rozhliadnite okolo seba –

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– že existujú rôzne látky.

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A tieto rozličné látky

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zvyknú mať rozličné vlastnosti.

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A nielen to;

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jedna môže odrážať svetlo,

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alebo ho neodrážať,
mať určitú farbu

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alebo teplotu,
byť tekutinou, plynom alebo pevnou látkou.

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Ale tiež si začíname všímať,

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ako v určitých situáciách
na seba vzájomne reagujú.

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Tu sú obrázky niektorých z týchto látok.

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Toto je uhlík.

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A máme ho tu vo forme grafitu.

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Toto je olovo.

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A toto je zlato.

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A tieto všetky na obrázkoch,
ktoré som vám ukázal –

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– a získal som ich z tejto webstránky –

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– všetky sú v pevnom skupenstve.

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Ale tiež vieme, že existujú

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určité typy plynov
a určité typy plynových častíc.

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A podľa toho, na aký typ týchto častíc

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sa dívate, či je to uhlík,
kyslík alebo dusík,

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zdá sa, že majú rozličné vlastnosti.

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Alebo existujú iné veci,
ktoré môžu byť tekuté.

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Alebo ak zvýšite
dostatočne vysoko teplotu

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týchto látok.

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Môžete, ak dostatočne zvýšite teplotu

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zlata alebo olova,
môžete dostať kvapalinu.

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Alebo ak nejako spálite tento uhlík,

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môžete ho premeniť na plyn.

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Môžete ho vypustiť do atmosféry.

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Môžete rozbiť jeho štruktúru.

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