In previous videos, we've covered the basics of the demand curve.
Now let's discuss what happens when the demand curve shifts
due to increases or decreases in market demand.
First, let's look at an increase in demand.
An increase in demand
means that the demand curve shifts up and to the right.
Take the market for house plants, for instance.
On the old demand curve at $20,
the quantity demanded was five plants,
but on the new demand curve at, again, $20,
the quantity demanded is eight plants.
At $16, we go from six plants to nine plants.
At $12, we go from seven to ten plants, and so on.
An increase in demand is a greater quantity demanded at every price.
We can also read an increase in demand
using what is called the vertical method.
What that means is that for every quantity,
there's a greater willingness to pay for that quantity.
For instance, for the fifth unit,
people had been willing to pay $20 for that unit.
Now with the new demand curve,
people are willing to pay $32 for that unit.
In summary, an increase in demand
means an increase in the quantity demanded
at every market price,
or equivalently, it means an increase
in the maximum willingness to pay for a given quantity.
A decrease in demand.
Well, that's just the opposite of an increase in demand. It's a shift down
and to the left.
There is a decrease in quantity demanded at every price now at $20,
people only want to buy two houseplants
at $16. We go from six to three house plants and so on.
Similarly, this means a decrease in the willingness to pay for the same quantity
for the fifth unit people were willing to
I pay $20 for that unit
but now they're only going to Fork over eight dollars for that house plan.
So what can cause a shift in demand?
What would make consumers, buy more or less of a good at every price.
Take a moment to jot down. Some guesses will go through these with a few examples,
but the real goal is not to memorize this list.
But rather to understand what an increase or decrease in demand means,
so that you can recreate this list on your own.
Let's now go through five factors. That can increase
Decrease market demand namely income population,
tastes the price of related goods.
And finally expectations.
Let's start with changes in income,
the effect of a change in income on demand,
depends on the nature of the good in question for most Goods as your income goes up.
You demand more of the good think, for instance,
fine. Dining you need to be able to afford it, right.
The demand curve then shifts up and to the right these goods are called normal Goods
because the demand for them goes up when incomes go up
and indeed most goods are normal Goods, that's
Why we call them normal?
And the same Goods. The demand for them goes down when incomes go down.
There are also Goods. However,
for which, when your income goes up, your demand for them actually goes down.
These are exceptions. We call them inferior Goods.
So, an example of such an inferior, good might be instant Ramen, it's very cheap.
As you make more money, you might buy, say,
more caviar, more steak, and less instant Ramen.
Thus, the demand curve for instant Ramen will shift down into the left, as
Your income increases.
Now let's move on to changes in population as the population of an economy changes.
The number of potential buyers
of a good changes. Also what would happen to the demand for hearing aids?
If the elderly population in your country increased?
Well very likely demand for hearing aids would increase
at any price for those hearing aids, there would be a higher quantity demanded
Can you think of a good that would decrease in demand
if the birth rates in your country decreased?
Now, we'll move on to changes in tastes.
Tastes are subjective and they're changing all the time.
New information Fashions and fads all can impact tastes to give an example.
What happens to the demand for hamburgers?
If low-carb diet, like the keto diet or the caveman diet become more popular?
Well, people would want to go out and buy and eat more hamburgers.
And so, the demand for hamburgers would increase
Lee,
what if a controversy surfaced that questioned the ethics of hamburger production?
People might then feel bad about buying hamburgers
and then they would buy fewer hamburgers or maybe stop buying them all together.
The demand for hamburgers then would go down.
Next,
let's consider how the price of a related good can affect demand starting with
substitute Goods.
Now substitutes are two goods
that are roughly interchangeable. They're not the same but they can serve broadly,
similar functions. Take for instance, hot dogs and hamburgers.
They're both something you might have for dinner.
Now in the setting suppose the price of hot dogs goes up.
What happens to the demand for hamburgers. A substitute for hot dogs.
People will opt to buy the relatively less expensive hamburgers instead of the now.
More expensive Hot Dogs.
That means the demand for hamburgers increases.
Or consider the opposite. Occurrence.
What if the price of hot dogs decreases instead of going up? What happens then
to the demand for hamburgers? Well, that's just the opposite of the first scenario.
Hot dogs are now cheaper and the demand for hamburgers decreases
because it now costs less to buy hot dogs instead.
Technically, two goods are substitutes.
If an increase in the price of one,
good leads to an increase in demand for the other, good and vice versa.
Another kind of related good is what economists, call compliments,
Compliments are two goods
which are often used together and make each other more valuable,
suppose the price of hamburgers increases,
what happens to the demand for hamburger buns.
We complement to hamburgers proper.
Well, fewer, people will buy hamburgers
and so fewer. People will buy hamburger buns,
the demand for hamburger buns, decreases.
And to consider the opposite situation.
If the price of hamburger decreases demand for hamburger buns, will increase.
That is more people.
Buying hamburger means, more people, buying hamburger buns as well because again,
you're putting the hamburger and the bun together.
Technically, two goods are complements.
If an increase in the price of one, good
leads to a decrease in the demand for the other and vice versa.
So in some hamburger producers,
want the price of hot dogs to go up
the price of hamburger buns to go down and low carb diets to go viral.
Finally, let's look at expectations.
These can be expectations of market prices, or of Market events.
Consider video game consoles.
If it's November and people expect the price of the gaming console,
to go down and a December holiday sale.
They might wait a few weeks before buying the console
demand for that console decreases today because it's going to increase later on
or take batteries.
Suppose you here, there's going to be a big hurricane in your area
if a hurricane hits.
You might expect the price of batteries is going to go up
or maybe it will be really hard to get any batteries at all.
Oh no. That means a higher demand for Batteries today.
And so, the expectation of this future event of the hurricane
can change the demand for Batteries today.
If people expect the price of a good to be higher in the future,
that typically increases demand today,
consumers adjust their current spending anticipating the future prices
to obtain the lowest price possible and that's it for our list of shifters.
Now that you understand what a shift in demand means,
practice recreating this list of shifters on your own.
What would cause a higher quantity demanded at every price
more people, wealthier people?
Well, it's the hotter in item and so on.
Conversely. What would cause less of a good to be demanded at every price?
Once you can do that, you'll be able to identify demand shifters
without the need to memorize any list.
If you're a teacher,
you should check out our supply and demand unit plan that incorporates this video.
If you're a learner,
make sure this video sticks by answering a few quick, practice questions,
or if you're ready for more microeconomics, click for the next video,