[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.58,0:00:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a medication nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.52,0:00:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four point five billion drug prescriptions\Nwill be prescribed by doctors like me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.50,0:00:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this year, in the United States alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.37,0:00:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 15 for every man, woman and child.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.86,0:00:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for most of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.05,0:00:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our experience with this medication\Nis often confusing number of pills,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.61,0:00:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instructions, side effects,\None-size-fits-all dosing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.23,0:00:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which all too often\Nwe aren't taking as prescribed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.73,0:00:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this comes at tremendous expense,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.78,0:00:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costing us our time,\Nour money and our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.70,0:00:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in our now exponential,\Nconnected, data-driven age,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.60,0:00:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can and we must do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.92,0:00:38.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's take a dive at some\Nof the challenges we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.02,0:00:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some potential solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.13,0:00:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.40,0:00:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many drugs don't work\Nfor those who are prescribed to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.70,0:00:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The top 10 grossing drugs\Nin the United States this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.32,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they only benefit one in four\Nto one in 23 of who take them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.02,0:00:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's great if you're number one,\Nbut what about everybody else?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.100,0:01:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's worse, drugs,\Nwhen they sometimes don't work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.19,0:01:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can still cause side effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.65,0:01:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take aspirin -- about one in four of us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.55,0:01:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who take aspirin to reduce\Nour risk of cardiovascular disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.49,0:01:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are unknowingly aspirin-resistant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.42,0:01:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And still have the same risks\Nof gastrointestinal bleeds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.46,0:01:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kill thousands every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.07,0:01:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's adverse drug reactions like these,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.05,0:01:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are, by some estimates,\Nthe number four leading cause of death
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.23,0:01:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.41,0:01:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My own grandfather passed away
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.87,0:01:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a single dose of antibiotic\Ncaused his kidneys to fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.99,0:01:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, adverse drug reactions\Nand side effects
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.04,0:01:33.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often tied to challenges in dosing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.02,0:01:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I trained in pediatrics -- little people,\Ninternal medicine -- big people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.78,0:01:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so one night I might have been\Non call in the NICU,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.24,0:01:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carefully dosing\Nto the fraction of a milligram,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.53,0:01:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a medication for NICU baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.87,0:01:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next night -- on call\Nin the emergency room,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.16,0:01:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating a 400-pound lineman\Nor a frail nursing-home patient,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.80,0:01:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, by most accounts, usually\Nwould get the same dose of medications
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.77,0:01:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the formulary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.04,0:01:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which would mean, most of the time\NI would be under-dosing the lineman,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.40,0:02:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and overdosing the nursing-home patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.50,0:02:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And beyond age and weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.86,0:02:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to ignore differences\Nin sex and race, in dosing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.70,0:02:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, beyond this, we know\Nwe have a massive challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.88,0:02:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with noncompliance or low adherence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.10,0:02:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of us who need\Nto take our medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.18,0:02:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't taking them\Nor are taking them incorrectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.09,0:02:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, 40 percent\Nof adults in the US over 65
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.82,0:02:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are on five or more\Nprescription medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.29,0:02:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes 15 or more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.64,0:02:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even small improvements in adherence\Ncan dramatically save dollars and lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.45,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as we think into the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.52,0:02:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think that where we are today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.31,0:02:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we often hear about smart,\Npersonalized, targeted drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.32,0:02:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,internet of things, gene therapy, AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.22,0:02:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'd already arrived\Nin this era of precision medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.08,0:02:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, we still live in an age
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.78,0:02:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of empiric trial and error\Nimprecision medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.81,0:02:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.13,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could reimagine ways\Nto help make your medicine-taking easier?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.53,0:02:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To get the right doses\Nand combinations to match you?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.16,0:03:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could move beyond\Ntoday's literal cutting edge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.85,0:03:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pill cutters and fax machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.66,0:03:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an era where we could have\Nbetter outcomes, lower costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.48,0:03:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saving lives and space\Nin your medicine cabinet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.47,0:03:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I think part of the solution\Nis all the emerging ways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.27,0:03:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can measure and connect\Nour health care information.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.82,0:03:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we pretty much live\Nin a reactive, sick-care world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.85,0:03:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siloed information that doesn't flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.16,0:03:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the potential to move\Ninto more continuous, real-time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.17,0:03:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proactive world of true health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.44,0:03:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of that starts with\Nthe emerging world of quantified self,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.63,0:03:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can measure so much of our\Nphysiology and behaviors today,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.98,0:03:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often is siloed\Non our phones and scales,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.16,0:03:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's starting to connect\Nto our clinicians, our caregivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.17,0:03:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can better optimize prevention,\Ndiagnostics and therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.85,0:03:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we can do that,\Nwe can do some interesting things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.78,0:03:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take, for example, hypertension.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.87,0:03:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the number one risk factor\Nfor early death and morbidity worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.68,0:03:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of adult Americans,\Non approximation, have hypertension,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.100,0:03:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less than half have it well-controlled.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.97,0:04:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's often because it takes two\Nor three different classes of medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.52,0:04:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's tough to do adherence and adjust\Nyour blood pressure medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.84,0:04:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have 500 preventable deaths\Nfrom non-controlled hypertension
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.87,0:04:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the US, every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.93,0:04:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we're in the era\Nof connected blood pressure cuffs --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.82,0:04:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the FDA just approved\Na blood pressure cuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.85,0:04:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can go into your watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.57,0:04:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are now prototypes of cuffs,\Nradar-based blood pressure devices
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.08,0:04:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can continuously stream\Nyour blood pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.77,0:04:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the future, I could
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.22,0:04:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of spot-checking\Nmy blood pressure in the clinic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.92,0:04:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my doctor could see my real-time\Nnumbers and my trends,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.53,0:04:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adjust them as necessary,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.72,0:04:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of a blood pressure\Ndosing algorithm,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.20,0:04:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or using the internet of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.52,0:04:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, technology today can do even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.90,0:04:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My smart watch, already today,\Nhas an EKG built in,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.32,0:04:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be read\Nby artificial intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.68,0:04:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm wearing a small, band-aid sized patch,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.62,0:04:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is live-streaming\Nmy vital signs right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.90,0:04:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's take a look.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.11,0:04:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're actually a little\Nconcerning at the moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.54,0:04:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.91,0:05:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's not just my real-time vitals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.37,0:05:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be seen\Nby my medical team or myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.59,0:05:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be my retrospective data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.29,0:05:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and again, that'd be used to modify\Ndosing and medication going forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.30,0:05:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even my weight can be super quantified.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.73,0:05:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My weight, now my shape,\Nhow much body mass, fat,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.63,0:05:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,muscle mass I might have,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.91,0:05:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use that to optimize\Nmy prevention or therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.82,0:05:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just for the tech savvy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.66,0:05:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, MIT engineers have modified wi-fi
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.86,0:05:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can seamlessly\Nconnect and collect our vital signs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.28,0:05:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our connected rings\Nand smart mattresses,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.55,0:05:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can start to share\Nthis digital exhaust, our digitome,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.29,0:05:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even potentially crowdsource it,\Nsharing our health information,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.52,0:05:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we share\Nwith our Google maps and driving,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.01,0:05:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve our -- not our driving,\Nbut our health experience globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.91,0:05:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.33,0:05:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can potentially now\Ncollect this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.63,0:05:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if your labs can go\Nfrom the central lab
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.46,0:05:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to your home, to your phone,\Nto even inside our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.01,0:05:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to measure drug levels or other varieties?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.08,0:06:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, we're in\Nthe age of genomics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.17,0:06:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been sequenced,\Nit's just less than 1,000 dollars today.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.07,0:06:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can start to understand\Nmy pharmacogenomics --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.59,0:06:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how my genes impact,\Nwhether I need high dose, low dose,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.28,0:06:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe a different\Nmedication altogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.38,0:06:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's imagine if your physician\Nor your pharmacist,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.08,0:06:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had this information integrated\Ninto their workflow,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.76,0:06:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,augmented with artificial intelligence,\NAI, or as I like to refer to it, IA --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.63,0:06:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence augmentation,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.25,0:06:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to leverage that information,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.68,0:06:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand of the\N18,000 or more approved drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.28,0:06:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be the right dose\Nand combination for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.62,0:06:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So great, now maybe we can\Noptimize your drugs and your doses,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.67,0:06:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the problem today is,\Nwe're still using this amazing technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.85,0:06:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep track of our drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.77,0:06:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, these technologies evolve,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.36,0:06:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's connected dispensers,\Nreminder apps,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.54,0:06:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smart pill bottle caps that can text\Nor tweet you or your mother
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.58,0:06:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you haven't taken your medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.43,0:06:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PillPack was just acquired by Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.28,0:06:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so assuming we may have same-day delivery\Nof our drugs, delivered by drone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.81,0:06:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, all these things are possible today,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.98,0:06:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're still taking multiple pills.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.92,0:06:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we can make it simpler?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.44,0:07:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think one of the solutions\Nis to make better use of the polypill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.66,0:07:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A polypill is the integration of multiple\Nmedications into a single pill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.22,0:07:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have these today in common,\Nover the counter cold and flu remedies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.76,0:07:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there have been prevention\Npolypill studies done,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.36,0:07:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving combinations of statins,\Nblood pressure, aspirin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.07,0:07:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in randomized studies\Nhave been shown
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.13,0:07:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dramatically reduce risk,\Ncompared to placebo.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.47,0:07:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these polypills weren't personalized,\Nthey weren't optimized to the individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.53,0:07:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could optimize\Nyour personalized polypill?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.14,0:07:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it would be built for you,\Nbased on you, it could adapt to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.29,0:07:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.93,0:07:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we're now in the era of 3D printing,\Nyou can print personalized braces,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.87,0:07:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearing aids, orthopedic devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.53,0:07:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even I've been scanned\Nand had my genes tailored to fit to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.100,0:07:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this got me thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.28,0:07:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we could 3D print\Nyour personalized polypill?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.82,0:07:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of taking six\Nmedications, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.24,0:07:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could integrate them into one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.96,0:07:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it would be easier to take,\Nimprove adherence,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.28,0:07:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially, it could even\Nintegrate in supplements,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.95,0:07:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like vitamin D or CoQ10.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.17,0:08:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with some help --\NI call these intelli-meds --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.14,0:08:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the help of my\NIntelliMedicine engineering team,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.91,0:08:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we built the first IntelliMedicine\Nprototype printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.90,0:08:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's how it works:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.09,0:08:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of full tablets,\Nwe have small micromeds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.58,0:08:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one or two milligrams each,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.02,0:08:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are sorted and selected\Nbased on the dose and combination
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.08,0:08:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed for an individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.72,0:08:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, these would be\Ndoses and combinations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.20,0:08:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could already take together,\NFDA-approved drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.68,0:08:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could change the pharmacokinetics,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.57,0:08:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by professionally layering on different\Nelements to the individual micromeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.57,0:08:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we hit print,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.22,0:08:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you print your combination of medications\Nthat might be needed by you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.51,0:08:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on any individual day.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.27,0:08:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'd start with, again, generic drugs\Nfor the most common problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.21,0:08:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 90 percent of prescribed drugs today\Nare low-cost generics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.89,0:08:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once we've printed the pill,\Nwe can do some fun bells and whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.25,0:08:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could print the name of the patient,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.30,0:08:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the date, the day of the week, a QR code.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.09,0:08:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could print different meds for tapering\Nfor patient on a steroid taper,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.11,0:08:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tapering from pain medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.96,0:09:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is actually a look at our\Nprototype in telemedicine printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.95,0:09:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, unveil it here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has about 16 different silos,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.92,0:09:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each containing individual micromeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.70,0:09:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can now adjust on the software,\Nindividual dosings.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.93,0:09:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I do that,\Nthe robotic arm will adjust
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.39,0:09:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the height of these [unclear]\Nand the micromeds will release.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.52,0:09:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can now --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.09,0:09:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Automated process would rotate\Nand cycle through,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.54,0:09:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure the micromeds are loaded.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.47,0:09:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I hit print,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.29,0:09:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these will all fall through the device,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.73,0:09:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now pull out my\Npersonalized printed polypill,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.35,0:09:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the doses and\Nmedications meant for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.38,0:09:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can take a look,\Nif you look back to the slides,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.34,0:09:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of the whole process,\Nwe can see the drug silos being selected,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.98,0:09:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pills doing down the different silos,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.01,0:09:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being collected\Nin the individual capsule.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.82,0:09:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is great,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.57,0:09:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can potentially print\Nmy meds based on me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.66,0:09:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of taking six pills.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.02,0:09:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can now be looking\Nat my individual dosing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.22,0:10:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my smart watch is looking\Nat my blood pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.43,0:10:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I needed an adjustment\Nin my blood pressure medicines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.01,0:10:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my coumadin level, my blood is too thin,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.36,0:10:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I lower my micromed\Ndose of coumadin, a blood thinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.32,0:10:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this could be\Nsmartly adapted, day to day,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.51,0:10:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,programmed by my physician\Nor cardiologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.21,0:10:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can imagine that larger printers,\Nfast printers like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.79,0:10:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be in your corner pharmacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.58,0:10:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your doctor's office,\Nin a rural clinic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.78,0:10:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it could eventually merge and shrink\Nto small ones, that could be in your home,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.76,0:10:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with integrated cartridges like this,\Nthat are delivered by drone.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.18,0:10:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could print your personalized polypill,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.23,0:10:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each morning on your kitchen\Nor your bathroom cabinet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.57,0:10:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this could evolve, I think
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.40,0:10:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into an incredible way to improve\Nadherence in medications across the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.24,0:10:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I hope we can reimagine\Nthe future of medicine in new ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.30,0:10:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving from poly pharmacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.85,0:10:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one-size-fits-all,\Nlow adherence complications,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.33,0:10:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an era of personalized, precise,\Non-demand medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.38,0:10:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can take us and individualize\Nour own health,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.78,0:11:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health and medicine around the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.52,0:11:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.88,0:11:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.88,0:11:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Daniel, that's kind of awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.98,0:11:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.17,0:11:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question for you, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.58,0:11:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How long is it until, say that\Nnursing-home patient that you mentioned
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.16,0:11:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is able to print\Ntheir pills in their home?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.75,0:11:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Daniel Kraft: Well, again,\Nthis is just a prototype.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.58,0:11:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think that the regular [unclear]\Nbe automated compounding,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.73,0:11:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially in nursing homes,\Nfolks are taking multiple medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.09,0:11:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're often mixed up,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.42,0:11:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it would be a perfect place\Nto start with these technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.48,0:11:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These aren't going to evolve and start\Nwith printers on your bathroom counter.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.17,0:11:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be intelligent and smart\Nabout how we roll these things out,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.56,0:11:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but realizing there's so many challenges\Nwith dosing, adherence and precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.31,0:11:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now that we have all these\Namazing new technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.94,0:11:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can integrate and be leveraged,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.71,0:11:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we need approaches like this\Nto really catalyze and foster
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.86,0:11:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a true future of health and medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.67,0:11:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Great, thank you.\NDK: Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.35,0:11:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)