[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.56,0:00:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a medication nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.44,0:00:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4.5 billion drug prescriptions\Nwill be prescribed by doctors like me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.52,0:00:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this year, in the United States alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.36,0:00:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 15 for every man, woman and child.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for most of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.04,0:00:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our experience with this medication\Nis often a confusing number of pills,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.60,0:00:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instructions, side effects,\None-size-fits-all dosing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.24,0:00:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which all too often\Nwe aren't taking as prescribed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.72,0:00:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this comes at tremendous expense,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.76,0:00:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costing us our time,\Nour money and our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.68,0:00:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in our now exponential,\Nconnected, data-driven age,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.60,0:00:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can and we must do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.88,0:00:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's take a dive\Nat some of the challenges we have
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.04,0:00:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some potential solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.12,0:00:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.40,0:00:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many drugs don't work\Nfor those who are prescribed them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.68,0:00:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The top 10 grossing drugs\Nin the United States this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.32,0:00:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they only benefit one in four\Nto one in 23 of who take them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.96,0:00:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's great if you're number one,\Nbut what about everybody else?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's worse, drugs,\Nwhen they sometimes don't work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.08,0:01:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can still cause side effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.52,0:01:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take aspirin -- about one in four of us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.44,0:01:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who take aspirin to reduce\Nour risk of cardiovascular disease
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are unknowingly aspirin-resistant
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.40,0:01:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and still have the same risks\Nof gastrointestinal bleeds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.40,0:01:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kill thousands every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.04,0:01:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's adverse drug reactions like these
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.04,0:01:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are, by some estimates,\Nthe number four leading cause of death
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.24,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.48,0:01:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My own grandfather passed away
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.96,0:01:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a single dose of antibiotic\Ncaused his kidneys to fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, adverse drug reactions\Nand side effects
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often tied to challenges in dosing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.04,0:01:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I trained in pediatrics (little people)\Nand internal medicine (big people).
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.80,0:01:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one night I might have been\Non call in the NICU,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.24,0:01:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carefully dosing\Nto the fraction of a milligram
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.52,0:01:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a medication for a NICU baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.96,0:01:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next night --\Non call in the emergency room,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.24,0:01:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating a 400-pound lineman\Nor a frail nursing-home patient
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.80,0:01:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, by most accounts, usually\Nwould get the same dose of medications
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.72,0:01:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the formulary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.04,0:01:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which would mean, most of the time\NI would be underdosing the lineman
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.40,0:02:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and overdosing the nursing-home patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.44,0:02:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And beyond age and weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.84,0:02:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to ignore differences\Nin sex and race in dosing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.68,0:02:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, beyond this, we know\Nwe have a massive challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.88,0:02:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with noncompliance or low adherence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.12,0:02:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of us who need\Nto take our medications
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.24,0:02:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't taking them\Nor are taking them incorrectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.08,0:02:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, 40 percent\Nof adults in the US over 65
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.80,0:02:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are on five or more\Nprescription medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.28,0:02:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes 15 or more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.64,0:02:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even small improvements in adherence\Ncan dramatically save dollars and lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.44,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as we think into the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.52,0:02:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think that where we are today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.32,0:02:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we often hear about smart,\Npersonalized, targeted drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.32,0:02:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet of Things, gene therapy, AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.24,0:02:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'd already arrived\Nin this era of precision medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.08,0:02:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, we still live in an age
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.80,0:02:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of empiric, trial-and-error,\Nimprecision medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.80,0:02:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.12,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could reimagine ways\Nto help make your medicine-taking easier?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.52,0:02:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To get the right doses\Nand combinations to match you?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.16,0:03:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could move beyond\Ntoday's literal cutting edge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.88,0:03:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pill cutters and fax machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.68,0:03:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an era where we could have\Nbetter outcomes, lower costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.52,0:03:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saving lives and space\Nin your medicine cabinet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.44,0:03:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I think part of the solution\Nis all the emerging ways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.28,0:03:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can measure and connect\Nour health care information.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.80,0:03:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we pretty much live\Nin a reactive, sick-care world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.88,0:03:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siloed information that doesn't flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.16,0:03:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the potential to move\Ninto a more continuous, real-time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.16,0:03:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proactive world of true health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.44,0:03:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of that starts with\Nthe emerging world of quantified self.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.64,0:03:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can measure so much\Nof our physiology and behaviors today,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.92,0:03:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often it's siloed\Non our phones and scales,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.16,0:03:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's starting to connect\Nto our clinicians, our caregivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.16,0:03:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can better optimize prevention,\Ndiagnostics and therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.84,0:03:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we can do that,\Nwe can do some interesting things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.76,0:03:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take, for example, hypertension.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.84,0:03:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the number one risk factor\Nfor early death and morbidity worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.68,0:03:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of adult Americans,\Non approximation, have hypertension.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than half have it well-controlled.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.04,0:04:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's often because it takes two\Nor three different classes of medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.54,0:04:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's tough to do adherence and adjust\Nyour blood pressure medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.88,0:04:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have 500 preventable deaths\Nfrom noncontrolled hypertension
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the US every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.92,0:04:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we're in the era\Nof connected blood pressure cuffs --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.80,0:04:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the FDA just approved\Na blood pressure cuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.88,0:04:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can go into your watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.56,0:04:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are now prototypes of cuffless\Nradar-based blood pressure devices
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.08,0:04:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can continuously stream\Nyour blood pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.76,0:04:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the future, I could --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.24,0:04:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of spot-checking\Nmy blood pressure in the clinic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.93,0:04:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my doctor could see\Nmy real-time numbers and my trends,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.53,0:04:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adjust them as necessary,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.72,0:04:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of a blood pressure\Ndosing algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.16,0:04:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or using the Internet of Things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.52,0:04:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, technology today can do even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.92,0:04:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My smartwatch, already today,\Nhas an EKG built in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.32,0:04:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be read\Nby artificial intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.68,0:04:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm wearing a small, Band-Aid-sized patch,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.64,0:04:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is live-streaming\Nmy vital signs right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.92,0:04:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a look.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.16,0:04:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're actually a little\Nconcerning at the moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.60,0:04:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.92,0:05:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's not just my real-time vitals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.36,0:05:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be seen\Nby my medical team or myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.56,0:05:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be my retrospective data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.28,0:05:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and again, that'd be used to modify\Ndosing and medication going forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.28,0:05:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even my weight can be super-quantified;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.72,0:05:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my weight, now my shape,\Nhow much body mass, fat,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.64,0:05:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,muscle mass I might have,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.92,0:05:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use that to optimize\Nmy prevention or therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.80,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just for the tech-savvy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.64,0:05:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, MIT engineers have modified wifi
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.80,0:05:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can seamlessly\Nconnect and collect our vital signs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.28,0:05:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our connected rings\Nand smart mattresses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.56,0:05:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can start to share\Nthis digital exhaust, our digitome,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.28,0:05:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even potentially crowdsource it,\Nsharing our health information
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.52,0:05:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we share\Nwith our Google Maps and driving,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve our -- not our driving,\Nbut our health experience globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.88,0:05:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.32,0:05:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can potentially now\Ncollect this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.64,0:05:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if your labs\Ncan go from the central lab
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.44,0:05:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to your home, to your phone,\Nto even inside our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to measure drug levels or other varieties?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.04,0:06:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course,\Nwe're in the age of genomics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.16,0:06:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been sequenced,\Nit's just less than $1,000 today.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.08,0:06:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can start to understand\Nmy pharmacogenomics --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.56,0:06:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how my genes impact\Nwhether I need high dose, low dose,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.20,0:06:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe a different\Nmedication altogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.28,0:06:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's imagine if your physician\Nor your pharmacist
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.08,0:06:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had this information\Nintegrated into their workflow,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.76,0:06:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,augmented with artificial intelligence,\NAI, or as I like to refer to it, IA --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.64,0:06:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence augmentation,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.24,0:06:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to leverage that information;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.68,0:06:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand, of the 18,000\Nor more approved drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.28,0:06:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be the right dose\Nand combination for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.64,0:06:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So great, now maybe we can\Noptimize your drugs and your doses,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.68,0:06:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the problem today is,\Nwe're still using this amazing technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.85,0:06:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep track of our drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.76,0:06:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, these technologies evolve,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.36,0:06:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's connected dispensers,\Nreminder apps,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.52,0:06:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smart pill bottle caps that can text\Nor tweet you or your mother
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.56,0:06:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you haven't taken your medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.44,0:06:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PillPack was just acquired by Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.28,0:06:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so soon we may have same-day delivery\Nof our drugs, delivered by drone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.80,0:06:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, all these things are possible today,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.00,0:06:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're still taking multiple pills.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.92,0:06:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we can make it simpler?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.44,0:07:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think one of the solutions\Nis to make better use of the polypill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.64,0:07:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A polypill is the integration of multiple\Nmedications into a single pill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.12,0:07:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have these today in common\Nover-the-counter cold and flu remedies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.64,0:07:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there have been\Nprevention polypill studies done,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.16,0:07:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving combinations\Nof statins, blood pressure, aspirin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.84,0:07:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in randomized studies\Nhave been shown
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.92,0:07:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dramatically reduce risk,\Ncompared to placebo.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.28,0:07:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these polypills weren't personalized,\Nthey weren't optimized to the individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.24,0:07:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could optimize\Nyour personalized polypill?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.76,0:07:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it would be built for you,\Nbased on you, it could adapt to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.12,0:07:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.92,0:07:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we're now in the era of 3D printing.\NYou can print personalized braces,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.88,0:07:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearing aids, orthopedic devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.52,0:07:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even I've been scanned\Nand had my jeans tailored to fit to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this got me thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.32,0:07:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we could 3D-print\Nyour personalized polypill?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.84,0:07:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of taking\Nsix medications, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.24,0:07:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could integrate them into one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.96,0:07:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it would be easier to take,\Nimprove adherence
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.32,0:07:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially, it could even\Nintegrate in supplements,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.96,0:07:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like vitamin D or CoQ10.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.16,0:08:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with some help --\NI call these "IntelliMeds" --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.16,0:08:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the help of my\NIntelliMedicine engineering team,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.88,0:08:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we built the first\NIntelliMedicine prototype printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.92,0:08:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's how it works:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.16,0:08:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of full tablets,\Nwe have small micromeds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.56,0:08:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one or two milligrams each,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.04,0:08:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are sorted and selected\Nbased on the dose and combination
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.08,0:08:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed for an individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.72,0:08:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, these would be\Ndoses and combinations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.20,0:08:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could already take together,\NFDA-approved drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.68,0:08:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could change the pharmacokinetics
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.52,0:08:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by professionally layering on different\Nelements to the individual micromeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.56,0:08:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we hit print,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.24,0:08:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you print your combination of medications\Nthat might be needed by you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.52,0:08:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on any individual day.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.28,0:08:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'd start with, again, generic drugs\Nfor the most common problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.20,0:08:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 90 percent of prescribed drugs today\Nare low-cost generics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.88,0:08:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once we've printed the pill,\Nwe can do some fun bells and whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.24,0:08:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could print the name of the patient,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.52,0:08:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the date, the day of the week, a QR code.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.08,0:08:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could print different meds for tapering\Nfor a patient on a steroid taper,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.12,0:08:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tapering from pain medications.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.96,0:09:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is actually a look at our\Nprototype IntelliMedicine printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.96,0:09:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, I'll unveil it here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.96,0:09:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has about 16 different silos,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.92,0:09:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each containing individual micromeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.68,0:09:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can now adjust on the software\Nindividual dosings.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.92,0:09:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I do that,\Nthe robotic arm will adjust
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.40,0:09:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the height of these spansules\Nand the micromeds will release.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.52,0:09:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can now --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.08,0:09:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The automated process\Nwould rotate and cycle through,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.60,0:09:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure the micromeds are loaded.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.48,0:09:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I hit print,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.28,0:09:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these will all fall through the device,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.72,0:09:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now pull out my\Npersonalized printed polypill
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.36,0:09:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the doses\Nand medications meant for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.36,0:09:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can take a look,\Nif you look back to the slides,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.00,0:09:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the whole process,\Nwe can see the drug silos being selected,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pills doing down the different silos,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being collected\Nin the individual capsule.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.84,0:09:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is great,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.56,0:09:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can potentially\Nprint my meds based on me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.64,0:09:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of taking six pills.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.04,0:09:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can now be looking\Nat my individual dosing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.20,0:10:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My smartwatch is looking\Nat my blood pressure:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.40,0:10:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I needed an adjustment\Nin my blood pressure medicines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my coumadin level.\NMy blood is too thin,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.72,0:10:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I lower my micromed\Ndose of coumadin, a blood thinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.32,0:10:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this could be\Nsmartly adapted, day to day,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.52,0:10:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,programmed by my physician\Nor cardiologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.20,0:10:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can imagine that larger printers,\Nfast printers like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.80,0:10:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be in your corner pharmacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.56,0:10:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your doctor's office,\Nin a rural clinic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.80,0:10:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it could eventually merge and shrink\Nto small ones that could be in your home
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.76,0:10:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with integrated cartridges like this\Nthat are delivered by drone.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.16,0:10:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could print your personalized polypill,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.24,0:10:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each morning on your kitchen\Nor your bathroom cabinet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.56,0:10:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this could evolve, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.40,0:10:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into an incredible way to improve\Nadherence in medications across the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.24,0:10:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I hope we can reimagine\Nthe future of medicine in new ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.28,0:10:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving from polypharmacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.84,0:10:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one-size-fits-all,\Nlow adherence, complications
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.32,0:10:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an era of personalized,\Nprecise, on-demand medications
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.40,0:10:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can take us\Nand individualize our own health
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.80,0:11:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health and medicine around the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.52,0:11:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.80,0:11:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.88,0:11:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Daniel, that's kind of awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.96,0:11:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.20,0:11:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question for you, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.60,0:11:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How long is it until, say, that\Nnursing-home patient that you mentioned
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.16,0:11:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is able to print\Ntheir pills in their home?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.76,0:11:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Daniel Kraft: Well, again,\Nthis is just a prototype.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.56,0:11:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think that the regulatory route\N[may] be automated compounding,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.72,0:11:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially in nursing homes,\Nfolks are taking multiple medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.99,0:11:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're often mixed up,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.37,0:11:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it would be a perfect place\Nto start with these technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.37,0:11:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These aren't going to evolve and start\Nwith printers on your bathroom counter.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.03,0:11:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be intelligent and smart\Nabout how we roll these things out,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.38,0:11:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but realizing there's so many challenges\Nwith dosing, adherence and precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.04,0:11:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now that we have\Nall these amazing new technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.61,0:11:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can integrate and be leveraged,\NI think we need approaches like this
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.70,0:11:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to really catalyze and foster
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.18,0:11:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a true future of health and medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.02,0:11:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host: Great, thank you.\NDK: Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.36,0:11:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)