[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Intro Music]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Pacific Northwest is famous for many \Nthings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Including huge floods.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Floods of lava that buried almost 40%\Nof Washington,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and floods of Ice Age water that\Ncreated more than 2,000 square miles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of scab lands.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the odds that such rare events\Nboth happened here in this corner of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North America?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're just south of Lewiston Idaho at the\Nmouth of Hills Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lowest point in the state.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basalt bedrock here,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the floods of lava, came out of deep \Ncracks that formed in response to a heat
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,source that's now, in the state of\NWyoming.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A flood of water from a giant lake in Utah
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came all the way through Southern Idaho,\Nthrough Hills Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dropped rocks here, and the water made it\Nto the Pacific Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A giant lake in Montana
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowed to the cascades, got backed up\Nto here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of these layers representing a \Nseparate flood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Columbia River basalts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Bonneville flood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Missoula floods.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's dig into together and learn,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about huge floods in the Pacific \NNorthwest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Music Plays ]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ice Age floods have helped exposed\Nand incredible pile of lavas
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from erupting volcanoes that are not\Nrelated to our famous cascade volcanoes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Columbia River basalt group,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pile of lava rock more then 2 miles\Nthick,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an exception to the global rule.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basalt lavas usually erupt in ocean \Nbasins,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these low silica lavas flooded North\NAmerica from below.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much like a boat with a leak.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're similar flood in central India,\Nsouthern Brazil, southern Africa,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and central Siberia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In each case, very large volumes of fluid\Nbasaltic magma
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,erupted rapidly from cracks and continents\Nto form sheets of lava rock covering
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of square miles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deep crack called fissures cracked\Nthe North American crust in south eastern
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Washington and eastern Oregon,\Nstarting 17.5 million years ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today many geologist agree that the \Nfissures are directly related to the birth
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a tectonic hot spot,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beneath the out south-eastern Oregon\N17.5 million years ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now located underneath Yellowstone \NNational Park in Wyoming due to the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North American plates slowly moving over\Nthe stationary hot spot.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These spectacular basalt lava eruptions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 300 distinct events punctuated\Nby thousands of years of quiet between
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each lava flood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Flooded and buried, the rugged inland\Nlandscape of the Pacific Northwest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of the biggest lava flows made it\Nfrom their fissures in Idaho all the way
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the tower cliffs of the Oregon coast.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Pasco Washington the stack of Columbia\NRiver basalt lava flows is 1,600 ft. thick
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more then 3 miles of lava.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sitting on top of a 17 million year old\Nlandscape.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't one visage to see all the\Nlava flows, how could you?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To truly grasp the scale of the lava stack\None has to visit scattered canyons that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expose a dozen flows at a time, like\Nin the Yakama River Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Columbia River Gorge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in the Grand Coulee,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was carved just thousands of years\Nago, not millions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the Ice Age floods.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Music Plays ]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the Ice Age, a thick ice sheet\Ncovered much of North America,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advancing and retreating in response to\Nglobal climate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Washington, Canadian ice crossed the\Nborder in different places.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,West of the cascade range, the Puget Lobe\Nfilled the Puget Lowland with 3,000 ft.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ice, above present day Seattle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With