[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Intro Music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.46,0:00:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Pacific Northwest is famous for many \Nthings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.23,0:00:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Including huge floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.32,0:00:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Floods of lava that buried almost 40%\Nof Washington,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.52,0:00:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and floods of Ice Age water that\Ncreated more than 2,000 square miles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.66,0:00:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of scab lands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.72,0:00:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the odds that such rare events\Nboth happened here in this corner of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.99,0:01:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North America?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.41,0:01:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're just south of Lewiston Idaho at the\Nmouth of Hells Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.25,0:01:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lowest point in the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.34,0:01:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basalt bedrock here,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.22,0:01:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the floods of lava, came out of deep \Ncracks that formed in response to a heat
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.14,0:01:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,source that's now, in the state of\NWyoming.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.24,0:01:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A flood of water from a giant lake in Utah
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.98,0:01:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came all the way through Southern Idaho,\Nthrough Hells Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.15,0:01:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dropped rocks here, and the water made it\Nto the Pacific Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.85,0:01:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A giant lake in Montana
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.06,0:01:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowed to the cascades, got backed up\Nto here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.75,0:01:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of these layers representing a \Nseparate flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.74,0:01:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Columbia River basalts,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.18,0:01:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Bonneville flood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.13,0:01:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Missoula floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.33,0:01:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's dig into together and learn,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.18,0:01:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about huge floods in the Pacific \NNorthwest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.67,0:02:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Music Plays ]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.50,0:02:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ice Age floods have helped expose\Nand incredible pile of lavas
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.78,0:02:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from erupting volcanoes that are not\Nrelated to our famous cascade volcanoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.68,0:02:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Columbia River basalt group,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.55,0:02:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pile of lava rock more then 2 miles\Nthick,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.87,0:02:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an exception to the global rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.97,0:02:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basalt lavas usually erupt in ocean \Nbasins,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.86,0:02:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these low silica lavas flooded North\NAmerica from below.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.36,0:02:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much like a boat with a leak.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.33,0:02:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're similar flood in central India,\Nsouthern Brazil, southern Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.17,0:02:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and central Siberia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.01,0:02:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In each case, very large volumes of fluid\Nbasaltic magma
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.36,0:02:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,erupted rapidly from cracks and continents\Nto form sheets of lava rock covering
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.43,0:02:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of square miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.93,0:03:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deep crack called fissures cracked\Nthe North American crust in south eastern
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.61,0:03:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Washington and eastern Oregon,\Nstarting 17.5 million years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.69,0:03:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today many geologist agree that the \Nfissures are directly related to the birth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.99,0:03:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a tectonic hot spot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.58,0:03:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beneath the out south-eastern Oregon\N17.5 million years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.08,0:03:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now located underneath Yellowstone \NNational Park in Wyoming due to the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.72,0:03:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North American plates slowly moving over\Nthe stationary hot spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.87,0:03:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These spectacular basalt lava eruptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.66,0:03:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 300 distinct events punctuated\Nby thousands of years of quiet between
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.41,0:03:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each lava flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.50,0:03:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Flooded and buried, the rugged inland\Nlandscape of the Pacific Northwest.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.24,0:03:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of the biggest lava flows made it\Nfrom their fissures in Idaho all the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.31,0:03:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the towering cliffs \Nof the Oregon coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.14,0:03:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Pasco Washington the stack of Columbia\NRiver basalt lava flows is 16,000 ft.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.56,0:04:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thick, more then 3 miles of lava.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.90,0:04:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sitting on top of a 17 million year old\Nlandscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.55,0:04:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't one visage to see all the\Nlava flow layers, how could you?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.16,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To truly grasp the scale of the lava stack\None has to visit scattered canyons that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expose a dozen flows at a time, like\Nin the Yakama River Canyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.26,0:04:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Columbia River Gorge,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.02,0:04:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in the Grand Coulee,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.08,0:04:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was carved just thousands of years\Nago, not millions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.10,0:04:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the Ice Age floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.60,0:04:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Music Plays ]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.67,0:04:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the Ice Age, a thick ice sheet\Ncovered much of North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.13,0:04:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advancing and retreating in response to\Nglobal climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.82,0:04:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Washington, Canadian ice crossed the\Nborder in different places.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.20,0:05:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,West of the cascade range, the Puget Lobe\Nfilled the Puget Lowland with 3,000 ft.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.82,0:05:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ice, above present day Seattle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.37,0:05:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With enormous erratics left behind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.11,0:05:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the ice melted back.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.78,0:05:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most Puget Sound residents live on\Ncomplicated sets of Ice Age deposits.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.28,0:05:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glacial till, glacial outwash, that\Nreveal ice on the move.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.80,0:05:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Advancing and retreating with glacial\Nlicks riding the front of an active
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.19,0:05:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ice margin.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.74,0:05:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,East of the cascades, the Okanogan Lobe\Ncrept into north central Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.80,0:05:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gorgeous glacial moraines and impressive\Nglacial erratics
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.45,0:05:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been sitting on the Waterville\Nplateau for at least 12,000 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.59,0:05:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During some of the Okanagan ice advances,\Nthe mighty Columbia River was diverted,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.40,0:05:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sent due south, through the Grand\NCoulee,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.78,0:05:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over dry falls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.85,0:05:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In northern Idaho, the Purcell Lobe \Ncombined with the rugged topography
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.24,0:06:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Bitterroot Mountains and blocked\NMontana's Clark Fork River,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.67,0:06:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,near present day Saint Point Idaho.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.82,0:06:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glacial Lake Missoula formed as glacial\Nmelt water backed up behind the ice
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.54,0:06:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dam forming a huge lake, more then 3,000\Nsquare miles of western Montana.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.65,0:06:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Old shorelines of the lake are visible \Nabove the University of Montana.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.65,0:06:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Faint water marks first noted in 1886\Nby T.C Chamberlin.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.44,0:06:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lake was 950 ft. deep at Missoula and\Ntwice that depth in neighboring valleys.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.60,0:06:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it happened, Glacial Lake\NMissoula breeched the ice dam and raged
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.98,0:06:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across eastern Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.88,0:06:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through the cascade range and reached the\Nmighty Pacific Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.87,0:06:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up to 10 cubic miles per hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.16,0:06:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A rate 10 times the combined flows of all\Nthe rivers on planet earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.38,0:06:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surged through Eddy Narrows, and other\Nnarrow valleys in western Montana.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.73,0:07:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the huge lake suddenly drained,\Ngiant current ripples were created
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.64,0:07:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the lake's floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.36,0:07:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the failed ice dam was replaced by a\Nnew one,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.22,0:07:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and another Glacial Lake Missoula formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.56,0:07:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which led to the next Missoula flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.46,0:07:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drama repeated many times.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.96,0:07:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Banded deposits at the bottom of Glacial\NLake Missoula show the lake form dozens
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.90,0:07:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of times and released quickly over \NWashington each time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.49,0:07:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rinse and repeat up to 100 times.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.31,0:07:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are slack water sediments from the\NMissoula floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.53,0:07:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're in Tammany Barge of south of \NLewiston Idaho.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.33,0:07:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of these is a separate Missoula \Nflood.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.88,0:07:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're 150 miles upstream from Wallula gap \Nthat means water from Montana
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.29,0:07:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made it to Wallula gap and to back up this\Nfar up the snake river drainage.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.76,0:08:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one event, silt falling from\Nthe bottom of Lake Lewis.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.20,0:08:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another flood, and another flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.17,0:08:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that's amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.27,0:08:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Music Plays ]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.73,0:08:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, another Ice Age flood, the \NBonneville flood,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.03,0:08:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened around the time of Missoula\Nflooding.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.12,0:08:28.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lake Bonneville, and Ice Age predecessor\Nto the Great Salt Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.99,0:08:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Filled and spilled out of Utah and into\Nsouthern Idaho.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.88,0:08:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The old shorelines of Lake Bonneville,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.74,0:08:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient bathtub rings above Salt Lake\Ncity were first described by G.K Gilbert
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.17,0:08:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1890.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.74,0:08:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A desert under water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.29,0:08:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once the Bonneville basin was filled to\Ncapacity, 17,400 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.08,0:08:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The erosion of loose rocky material at\NRed Rock Pass led to the rapid
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.01,0:08:57.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lowering of Lake Bonneville,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.95,0:09:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Bonneville flood surged north\Ninto Idaho snake river plane.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.86,0:09:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike the Missoula floods and it's ice\Ndam,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.83,0:09:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Bonneville flood involved a lot more\Nwater then the biggest Missoula flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.80,0:09:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably about twice as much water.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.70,0:09:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the constriction at Red Rock Pass that\Nhad spilled out through
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.50,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was much smaller then where the ice bridge\Nwas breached in northern Idaho.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Bonneville water came out slower.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.14,0:09:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while the volume of Bonneville water\Nwas twice as large as the largest Missoula
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.63,0:09:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flood, the peak discharge was only\Nabout 1/10 of the largest Missoula flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.20,0:09:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each Missoula flood lasted for days.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.95,0:09:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Bonneville flood lasted for weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.70,0:09:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gorgeous deposit.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.86,0:09:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these rocks were deposited by the\NBonneville flood,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.79,0:09:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just one flood, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.96,0:09:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just a few weeks all these rocks were\Ndropped.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.81,0:09:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17,400 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.80,0:09:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sitting on top are Missoula flood\Nsediment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.45,0:10:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are 20 different Missoula food\Nlayers here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.56,0:10:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at this spot, we had 20 Missoula floods\Nafter the Bonneville flood.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.81,0:10:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we know this stuff?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.16,0:10:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carefully crafted geographic maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.47,0:10:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made in the field by generations of\Ngeologists have measured both the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.80,0:10:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,erosional chasms cut by the floods
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.52,0:10:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have catalogued piles of rocks and\Nlayers of sediment that the floods have
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.36,0:10:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left behind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.86,0:10:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water is scarce here in eastern \NWashington today, it's a desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.25,0:10:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the landscape has a strong stamp of \Nwater, and lots of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.62,0:10:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ice Age floods tore up the crust,\Nrevealing the Columbia River salt lavas
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.69,0:10:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that flowed millions of years earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.64,0:10:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leaving dramatic landmarks like the Grand\NCoulee, Dry Falls, the crisscrossing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.04,0:10:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flood paths of Drumheller Channels,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.93,0:10:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Palouse Falls.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.83,0:10:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tons of bedrock were hauled away by the\Nfloods,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.55,0:11:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the water exploited deep cracks in\Nthe bedrock.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.94,0:11:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Box shaped valleys called Coulees formed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.72,0:11:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the most aggressive water did the\Nmost digging.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.94,0:11:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rock precut and hauled off by the flood\Nwater cruising at more then 60 mph
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.53,0:11:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in places.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.91,0:11:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are amazing potholes drilled by\Nthe swirling dynamics of floodwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.14,0:11:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often revealed in the vertical Coulee\Nwalls, cut by the erosive ice age floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.29,0:11:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lost worlds hidden in the salt bedrock.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.86,0:11:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the bottom of key lava flows, pillow\Nstructures where lava battled lake water,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.61,0:11:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and petrified logs, provide detailed clues\Nto the ancient forests and lakes that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.85,0:11:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thrived in eastern Washington, during\Nthe thousands of years between
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.89,0:11:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devastating lava floods that repeatedly \Nburied vibrant thriving ecosystems
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.74,0:11:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in thick lava.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.58,0:11:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A landscape full of life, with each lava\Nburial creating a lifeless,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.65,0:12:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,featureless, moonscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.55,0:12:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Millions of years later, each of the 100\Nfloods made it to the Pacific Ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.89,0:12:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but does that mean that each flood\Nmaintained
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.58,0:12:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a high speed for Montana to the Coast?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.46,0:12:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, like today there are many obstacles\Nto negotiate on a journey from the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.10,0:12:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rocky's to the Pacific Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.10,0:12:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ice Age floods had the same \Nroadblocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.49,0:12:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wallula Gap, eastern gateway to the\NColumbia River gorge was a bottleneck
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.32,0:12:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.32,0:12:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every drop of Ice Age flood water needed\Nto squeeze through the gap,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.36,0:12:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the secret passage through\Nthe cascades,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.96,0:12:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and onto the Pacific.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.77,0:12:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Wallula Gap, flood water waiting to\Nenter became Lake Lewis.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.29,0:12:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bigger the flood, the larger the\NLake Lewis.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.68,0:12:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Calm and dirt brown with suspended loose,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.40,0:12:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which crept up neighboring river valleys.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.96,0:13:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Yakama river, the Walla Walla River, \Nand the Snake River.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.18,0:13:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The water of Lake Lewis must have gotten\Nclear with each passing day.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.04,0:13:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fine grain material falling out of the\Nlake and onto the lake bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the result?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.98,0:13:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Impressive layers of slack water sediment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.68,0:13:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each layer from each Lake Lewis.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.11,0:13:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the surface of Lake Lewis was\Nfull of icebergs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.23,0:13:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.12,0:13:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are large erratics all across \Ncentral Washington that mark spots where
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.44,0:13:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the icebergs drifted to the edge of the \Nlake.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.83,0:13:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upstream some of the largest Missoula\Nfloods came down of Columbia River
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.46,0:13:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over Wenatchee.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.30,0:13:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And downstream Wenatchee, West bar is a \Nclassic location to ponder the speed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.95,0:13:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and depth of the floods.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.12,0:13:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You old enough to remember the media \Nfrenzy over Evil Kneviel daredevil jump
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.42,0:13:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the Snake River Canyon?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.40,0:13:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the canyon that the Bonneville\Nflood,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.75,0:13:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one from Utah flowed through,\Nremember?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.25,0:14:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lake Bonneville spilling over Red Rock\NPass and into the Snake River drainage
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.30,0:14:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Southern Idaho.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.64,0:14:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The floods scoured canyon walls\Nand gouged holes in the canyon floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.79,0:14:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creating Shoshone Falls and Twin Falls.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.16,0:14:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The water ripping through the narrow\Nregions of the canyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.70,0:14:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dislodging the salt boulders, and\Ntumbling them down stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.84,0:14:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where the flood channel widened,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.97,0:14:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the boulders were heaped into\Nimpressive piles.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.02,0:14:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Bonneville flood then entered Hells\NCanyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.89,0:14:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the deepest canyon in North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.78,0:14:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before joining the channeled scab lands\Nof eastern Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.51,0:14:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deposits left by the flood give us\Nreach detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.63,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giant flood bars, more then 100 ft. \Nabove todays Snake River,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sit in narrow stretches of Hells Canyon,\Nshowing us where the flood got choked up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.46,0:14:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creating flood stages hundreds of feet\Nfeet high behind it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.68,0:14:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In shlock water sediments are found all\Nthrough the Bonneville flood route,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.38,0:15:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not the repetitive shlock water \Nsediments, like the Missoula Floods,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.60,0:15:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember, there was just one Bonneville\Nflood.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.67,0:15:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All told, 100 different layers of shlock\Nwater sediment have been documented
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.08,0:15:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in eastern Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.86,0:15:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 Missoula floods!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.45,0:15:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is work yet to be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.00,0:15:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the age of each flood?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.62,0:15:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is a more complete record of the Ice Age\Nflood sitting in the Pacific Ocean at the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.31,0:15:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mouth of the Columbia River?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.74,0:15:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with the floods of lava, why did such\Npure oceanic lava flood a
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.66,0:15:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continental scene?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.47,0:15:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did the lava stay molten for 300\Nmiles?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.54,0:15:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much yet to be determined.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.19,0:15:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With our huge floods, in the Pacific\NNorthwest.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.18,0:16:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Outro Music Plays ]