0:00:01.218,0:00:05.738
I will never ever forget[br]the feeling I felt as I saw the sea

0:00:05.738,0:00:07.923
and set foot on the boat[br]for the first time.

0:00:07.923,0:00:09.829
And to that four-year-old kid,

0:00:09.829,0:00:12.781
it was the greatest sense of freedom[br]that I could ever imagine.

0:00:13.774,0:00:15.698
I just felt, you know, from that age,

0:00:15.698,0:00:19.257
I would absolutely love one day,[br]somehow, to sail around the world.

0:00:27.524,0:00:29.196
When you set off on those journeys,

0:00:29.196,0:00:32.615
you know, you take with you[br]everything you need for your survival.

0:00:32.925,0:00:34.680
What you have is all you have.

0:00:34.680,0:00:36.666
You have to manage what you have

0:00:36.666,0:00:39.339
down to the last drop of diesel,[br]the last packet of food.

0:00:39.339,0:00:41.677
It's absolutely essential,[br]else you won't make it.

0:00:41.757,0:00:44.704
And I suddenly realized,[br]"But why is our world any different?"

0:00:44.704,0:00:46.732
You know, we have finite resources,

0:00:46.732,0:00:49.447
available to us once[br]in the history of humanity.

0:00:49.785,0:00:52.565
You know, metals, plastics, fertilizers.

0:00:52.565,0:00:55.852
We're digging all this stuff[br]out of the ground, and we're using it up.

0:00:56.347,0:00:58.366
How can that work in the long-term?

0:00:59.154,0:01:02.296
Surely there was a different way[br]we could use resources globally

0:01:02.296,0:01:04.088
that used them and not used them up.

0:01:04.088,0:01:05.945
That was the question I had in my head,

0:01:05.945,0:01:07.992
and it took me a long time[br]to get to a place

0:01:07.992,0:01:10.899
where I realized there is[br]a different way the economy can run,

0:01:10.899,0:01:13.632
there is a different way[br]we can use stuff, use materials.

0:01:13.867,0:01:15.795
And that would be the circular economy.

0:01:19.539,0:01:23.068
The way the economy functions[br]predominantly today is very extractive.

0:01:23.068,0:01:24.069
It's linear.

0:01:24.069,0:01:27.116
We take something out of the ground,[br]we make something out of it,

0:01:27.116,0:01:29.971
and at the end of the life[br]of that product, we throw it away.

0:01:30.240,0:01:31.746
No matter how efficient you are

0:01:31.746,0:01:33.927
with the materials[br]you feed into that system,

0:01:33.927,0:01:35.332
even if you make that product

0:01:35.332,0:01:38.232
using a little bit less energy[br]and a little bit less material,

0:01:38.232,0:01:40.188
you're still going to run out in the end.

0:01:40.460,0:01:43.190
If you turn that on its head[br]and look at a circular model,

0:01:43.190,0:01:45.100
whereby when you design a product,

0:01:45.100,0:01:49.088
you take a material out of the ground,[br]or you take recycle material, ideally,

0:01:49.088,0:01:50.563
you feed that into the product,

0:01:50.563,0:01:51.852
but you design the products

0:01:51.852,0:01:55.358
so you can get the materials back out[br]by design, from the outset.

0:01:55.500,0:01:57.577
You design out waste and pollution.

0:01:57.577,0:02:00.671
Why would you ever create either[br]in a world with finite resources?

0:02:00.671,0:02:02.500
It's about the design brief.

0:02:03.298,0:02:05.010
Today, if you buy a washing machine,

0:02:05.010,0:02:08.411
you pay tax when you buy it,[br]you own all the materials within it,

0:02:08.411,0:02:10.917
and then when it breaks,[br]as they inevitably do,

0:02:10.917,0:02:13.292
you pay tax again, landfill tax.

0:02:13.292,0:02:15.332
Within a circular system,[br]all that changes.

0:02:15.332,0:02:17.498
You don't own your machine,[br]you pay per wash.

0:02:17.498,0:02:20.317
It would be looked after[br]by the manufacturer of the machine,

0:02:20.317,0:02:21.520
and they would make sure

0:02:21.520,0:02:23.664
that once that machine [br]comes to the end of its life,

0:02:23.664,0:02:25.858
they take it in,[br]they know what sits within it,

0:02:25.858,0:02:27.861
and they can recover[br]the materials from it.

0:02:27.861,0:02:30.053
So you end up with a circular[br]system by design.

0:02:30.053,0:02:32.767
We've studied at great length[br]the numbers behind that,

0:02:32.767,0:02:34.018
you know, the economics,

0:02:34.018,0:02:35.246
and it's much cheaper.

0:02:35.246,0:02:39.683
It's 12 US cents [br]versus 27 US cents per wash

0:02:39.683,0:02:41.420
to have that circular machine.

0:02:42.595,0:02:44.773
We would live within a system that works.

0:02:44.773,0:02:47.163
We would not be producing waste.

0:02:47.163,0:02:48.637
We would have a better service.

0:02:48.637,0:02:51.114
We would have better access to technology.

0:02:51.114,0:02:52.638
From all the studies we've done,

0:02:52.638,0:02:55.453
because those manufacturers[br]aren't buying all the materials,

0:02:55.453,0:02:56.474
selling them on,

0:02:56.474,0:02:57.806
we would get a better price,

0:02:57.806,0:03:00.601
because they would be guaranteed[br]their flow of materials

0:03:00.601,0:03:02.057
going back into the system.

0:03:06.836,0:03:07.942
I'm hugely optimistic

0:03:07.942,0:03:09.722
because when you look at the numbers,

0:03:09.722,0:03:11.722
when you look at[br]the economics behind this,

0:03:11.722,0:03:14.325
it makes sense to switch[br]to a circular economy.

0:03:14.325,0:03:17.658
There's more value in a circular economy[br]than in a linear economy.

0:03:17.658,0:03:20.801
There's absolutely a cost[br]in the transition for a big organization,

0:03:20.801,0:03:22.981
but maybe you need to ask yourself[br]another question:

0:03:22.981,0:03:24.470
What's the risk in linear?

0:03:24.470,0:03:26.138
Because to me, that's a no-brainer.

0:03:26.138,0:03:27.521
There's a big risk in linear.

0:03:27.777,0:03:31.636
It simply cannot be the future,[br]based on pure economics.

0:03:31.636,0:03:33.587
So, actually, where do you put your time?

0:03:33.587,0:03:34.968
Where do you put your effort?

0:03:34.968,0:03:37.183
Let's work out what circular[br]really looks like

0:03:37.183,0:03:40.673
and try and paint that circular tapestry[br]as best as we possibly can.

0:03:41.053,0:03:44.912
Subtitles by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka[br]Review by Jenny Lam-Chowdhury