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I will never ever forget
the feeling I felt as I saw the sea

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and set foot on the boat
for the first time.

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And to that four-year-old kid,

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it was the greatest sense of freedom
that I could ever imagine.

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I just felt, you know, from that age,

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I would absolutely love one day,
somehow, to sail around the world.

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When you set off on those journeys,

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you know, you take with you
everything you need for your survival.

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What you have is all you have.

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You have to manage what you have

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down to the last drop of diesel,
the last packet of food.

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It's absolutely essential,
else you won't make it.

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And I suddenly realized,
"But why is our world any different?"

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You know, we have finite resources,

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available to us once
in the history of humanity.

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You know, metals, plastics, fertilizers.

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We're digging all this stuff
out of the ground, and we're using it up.

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How can that work in the long-term?

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Surely there was a different way
we could use resources globally

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that used them and not used them up.

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That was the question I had in my head,

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and it took me a long time
to get to a place

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where I realized there is
a different way the economy can run,

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there is a different way
we can use stuff, use materials.

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And that would be the circular economy.

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The way the economy functions
predominantly today is very extractive.

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It's linear.

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We take something out of the ground,
we make something out of it,

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and at the end of the life
of that product, we throw it away.

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No matter how efficient you are

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with the materials
you feed into that system,

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even if you make that product

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using a little bit less energy
and a little bit less material,

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you're still going to run out in the end.

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If you turn that on its head
and look at a circular model,

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whereby when you design a product,

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you take a material out of the ground,
or you take recycle material, ideally,

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you feed that into the product,

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but you design the products

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so you can get the materials back out
by design, from the outset.

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You design out waste and pollution.

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Why would you ever create either
in a world with finite resources?

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It's about the design brief.

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Today, if you buy a washing machine,

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you pay tax when you buy it,
you own all the materials within it,

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and then when it breaks,
as they inevitably do,

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you pay tax again, landfill tax.

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Within a circular system,
all that changes.

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You don't own your machine,
you pay per wash.

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It would be looked after
by the manufacturer of the machine,

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and they would make sure

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that once that machine 
comes to the end of its life,

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they take it in,
they know what sits within it,

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and they can recover
the materials from it.

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So you end up with a circular
system by design.

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We've studied at great length
the numbers behind that,

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you know, the economics,

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and it's much cheaper.

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It's 12 US cents 
versus 27 US cents per wash

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to have that circular machine.

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We would live within a system that works.

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We would not be producing waste.

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We would have a better service.

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We would have better access to technology.

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From all the studies we've done,

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because those manufacturers
aren't buying all the materials,

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selling them on,

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we would get a better price,

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because they would be guaranteed
their flow of materials

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going back into the system.

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I'm hugely optimistic

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because when you look at the numbers,

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when you look at
the economics behind this,

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it makes sense to switch
to a circular economy.

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There's more value in a circular economy
than in a linear economy.

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There's absolutely a cost
in the transition for a big organization,

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but maybe you need to ask yourself
another question:

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What's the risk in linear?

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Because to me, that's a no-brainer.

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There's a big risk in linear.

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It simply cannot be the future,
based on pure economics.

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So, actually, where do you put your time?

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Where do you put your effort?

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Let's work out what circular
really looks like

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and try and paint that circular tapestry
as best as we possibly can.

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Subtitles by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Review by Jenny Lam-Chowdhury