1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,932 ♪ [音乐] ♪ 2 00:00:10,722 --> 00:00:14,084 亚历克斯, 咱们都是经济学家 人们经常问我 3 00:00:14,092 --> 00:00:18,480 经济学家到底对投资和投资建议, 有多少了解呢? 4 00:00:18,568 --> 00:00:20,258 我们已经讨论过了股票这个话题 5 00:00:20,449 --> 00:00:23,219 但是作为经济学家, 咱们还能告诉人们些什么呢? 6 00:00:23,655 --> 00:00:25,353 今天我们来讨论下住房问题 7 00:00:25,599 --> 00:00:28,781 因为住房这个话题广受争议 8 00:00:28,837 --> 00:00:31,535 对于美国人来说, 房子是美国梦的一部分 9 00:00:31,734 --> 00:00:35,892 我觉得人们没有意识到的一点是, 长期来讲 10 00:00:36,067 --> 00:00:39,122 房价绝对不保证会提升 11 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:42,805 我们目睹了房价在经济危机中下跌 12 00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:45,901 但是人们还是执守着一种信念 13 00:00:45,902 --> 00:00:48,047 就是土地肯定不会增多 14 00:00:48,253 --> 00:00:50,949 所以长期来讲房价肯定会涨 15 00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:53,361 从我们对资产的了解来看 16 00:00:53,385 --> 00:00:57,306 人们不应该把房子看成是一大笔投资 17 00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:00,060 但是从税收角度讲, 买房不是个好主意吗? 18 00:01:00,204 --> 00:01:02,275 假如我贷款买房 19 00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:05,684 也在付收入税 并且计算我的列举扣税额度 20 00:01:05,895 --> 00:01:10,054 这样我就能甩掉贷款利息 拿回一些钱 21 00:01:10,108 --> 00:01:10,750 这就意味着 22 00:01:10,758 --> 00:01:14,879 因为税的原因来买房 可能更便宜或有更多优势 23 00:01:14,934 --> 00:01:15,807 但是别忘了 24 00:01:15,831 --> 00:01:20,402 很多退税优势都不会被买家所得 25 00:01:20,521 --> 00:01:21,481 而是被卖方占到 26 00:01:21,775 --> 00:01:25,314 退税优势反而造成房价上涨 27 00:01:25,433 --> 00:01:28,099 已经被包含在更高的房价中 28 00:01:28,202 --> 00:01:32,798 所以买方不是总能得到好处 通常是卖方占便宜 29 00:01:32,886 --> 00:01:35,116 可以用弹性理论来解释 30 00:01:35,267 --> 00:01:38,624 假设我住在一个地区, 类似得克萨斯或者佛罗里达的很多地方 31 00:01:38,886 --> 00:01:43,044 这个地方的退税优势促进了买房需求 32 00:01:43,290 --> 00:01:46,996 接着供应商盖更多的房 造成房价再次下跌 33 00:01:47,297 --> 00:01:49,849 目前看来, 在很多州 34 00:01:49,849 --> 00:01:53,369 买家应该通过退税盈利多多 对吗? 35 00:01:53,370 --> 00:01:56,886 如果美国有更多类似的地方 36 00:01:57,040 --> 00:01:58,500 我会倾向于赞同 37 00:01:58,627 --> 00:02:02,230 但是在当今美国我们面临的 最大问题之一是 38 00:02:02,246 --> 00:02:04,690 买房需求上涨 但是买家却住在 39 00:02:04,691 --> 00:02:07,483 像旧金山, 纽约或者波士顿之类的城市 40 00:02:07,484 --> 00:02:11,101 在这些地方几乎不可能拿到盖房许可 41 00:02:11,164 --> 00:02:12,588 当需求上涨 42 00:02:12,644 --> 00:02:15,493 绝对意味着房价上涨 43 00:02:15,715 --> 00:02:19,087 所以我们所说的利益 不管是来自退税 44 00:02:19,111 --> 00:02:23,125 还是来自想搬家到旧金山的人 45 00:02:23,159 --> 00:02:25,270 所有这些所得都归土地拥有者 46 00:02:25,302 --> 00:02:28,569 这其实是当今美国面临的最大问题之一 47 00:02:28,633 --> 00:02:31,259 但是我知道人们想买房安家 48 00:02:31,376 --> 00:02:34,384 假如你37岁 有2个在校上学的孩子 49 00:02:34,471 --> 00:02:36,860 你希望他们能在好校区上个好高中 50 00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:39,140 不想听到别人来说: "你得搬走了" 51 00:02:39,252 --> 00:02:41,990 你想自己打理自家后院 52 00:02:42,101 --> 00:02:44,898 不想不停地讨论房租合约问题 53 00:02:44,950 --> 00:02:48,418 买房之后这些问题就都缓解了 54 00:02:48,664 --> 00:02:50,775 我觉得这些人买房有道理 55 00:02:50,958 --> 00:02:54,187 但是要记住得一点是, 平均看来 56 00:02:54,385 --> 00:02:57,084 买房不会是很好的投资方式 57 00:02:57,496 --> 00:03:00,813 除非是特定的某类人 58 00:03:00,996 --> 00:03:04,830 比如很想稳定下来. 比普通人更求安稳的那类人 59 00:03:04,973 --> 00:03:07,457 才会从买房中得益 60 00:03:07,591 --> 00:03:09,170 记住 61 00:03:09,479 --> 00:03:12,292 如果你买一个房子, 然后暖气系统出问题了 62 00:03:12,292 --> 00:03:14,565 你就得修, 这可是个大问题 63 00:03:14,565 --> 00:03:17,701 64 00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:19,615 65 00:03:19,775 --> 00:03:23,693 66 00:03:24,098 --> 00:03:25,193 67 00:03:25,389 --> 00:03:27,739 68 00:03:27,739 --> 00:03:31,139 69 00:03:31,139 --> 00:03:34,591 70 00:03:34,845 --> 00:03:37,900 71 00:03:38,036 --> 00:03:38,861 72 00:03:38,869 --> 00:03:42,519 73 00:03:42,729 --> 00:03:43,800 74 00:03:43,820 --> 00:03:45,783 75 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:48,768 76 00:03:48,772 --> 00:03:50,613 77 00:03:50,613 --> 00:03:52,618 78 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:55,186 79 00:03:55,298 --> 00:03:57,829 80 00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:00,352 81 00:04:00,404 --> 00:04:03,571 82 00:04:03,608 --> 00:04:05,617 83 00:04:05,622 --> 00:04:08,374 84 00:04:08,394 --> 00:04:09,658 85 00:04:09,666 --> 00:04:12,325 86 00:04:12,366 --> 00:04:15,884 87 00:04:15,965 --> 00:04:19,221 88 00:04:19,522 --> 00:04:23,133 89 00:04:23,343 --> 00:04:25,937 90 00:04:25,982 --> 00:04:27,037 91 00:04:27,180 --> 00:04:30,886 92 00:04:31,196 --> 00:04:32,411 93 00:04:32,500 --> 00:04:37,293 94 00:04:37,317 --> 00:04:38,787 95 00:04:38,809 --> 00:04:41,882 96 00:04:42,023 --> 00:04:45,291 97 00:04:45,363 --> 00:04:47,093 98 00:04:47,094 --> 00:04:50,458 99 00:04:50,459 --> 00:04:52,920 100 00:04:52,959 --> 00:04:56,514 101 00:04:56,810 --> 00:05:00,111 102 00:05:00,135 --> 00:05:04,620 103 00:05:04,620 --> 00:05:06,389 104 00:05:06,755 --> 00:05:08,930 105 00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:14,229 106 00:05:14,593 --> 00:05:16,545 107 00:05:16,569 --> 00:05:19,665 108 00:05:19,939 --> 00:05:22,969 109 00:05:22,969 --> 00:05:25,543 110 00:05:25,694 --> 00:05:27,805 111 00:05:27,978 --> 00:05:32,780 112 00:05:33,066 --> 00:05:34,621 113 00:05:34,851 --> 00:05:39,359 114 00:05:39,446 --> 00:05:41,200 115 00:05:41,414 --> 00:05:43,040 116 00:05:43,192 --> 00:05:45,667 117 00:05:45,882 --> 00:05:48,675 118 00:05:48,948 --> 00:05:50,769 119 00:05:50,770 --> 00:05:53,802 120 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,373 121 00:05:56,532 --> 00:05:58,599 122 00:05:59,668 --> 00:06:03,215 123 00:06:03,246 --> 00:06:06,959 124 00:06:06,959 --> 00:06:09,726 125 00:06:10,226 --> 00:06:14,876