1 00:00:00,242 --> 00:00:02,171 "Mario!" 2 00:00:03,049 --> 00:00:04,810 "Ah! Hjelp!" 3 00:00:25,151 --> 00:00:30,082 Velkommen til denne videoserien i flere deler som utforsker rollene og representasjonene av kvinner i videospill. 4 00:00:30,082 --> 00:00:36,447 Dette prosjektet vil eksaminere troper, plott og mønstre som vanligvis forbindes med kvinner i spill 5 00:00:36,447 --> 00:00:39,410 fra et systemisk helhetlig perspektiv. 6 00:00:39,410 --> 00:00:43,079 Serien vil inkludere kritiske analyser av mange kjære spill og karakterer 7 00:00:43,079 --> 00:00:46,463 men husk at det er både mulig og nødvendig 8 00:00:46,463 --> 00:00:52,672 å kose seg med media, samtidig som man er kritisk til de mer problematiske eller skadelige aspektene. 9 00:00:52,672 --> 00:00:56,917 Så, la oss ta for oss jomfruen i nød. 10 00:00:58,134 --> 00:01:01,259 La oss begynne med historien om et spill ingen fikk sjansen til å spille. 11 00:01:01,259 --> 00:01:08,665 I 1999 jobbet spillutvikleren 'Rare' på en ny orginaltittel til Nintendo 64 kalt Dinosaur Planet. 12 00:01:08,665 --> 00:01:14,193 Spillet skulle ha en 16 år gammel helt kalt Krystal som en av to spillbare hovedroller. 13 00:01:14,193 --> 00:01:19,326 Hun fikk oppgaver som å reise i tid, kjempe mot forhistoriske monstre med en magisk stav 14 00:01:19,326 --> 00:01:24,408 og å redde verden. Hun var sterk, hun var dyktig og hun var heroisk. 15 00:01:24,408 --> 00:01:27,109 "Og hvem kan så du være, dyrejente?" 16 00:01:27,109 --> 00:01:28,860 "Mitt navn er Krystal" 17 00:01:40,214 --> 00:01:41,820 Ganske kult sant? 18 00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:44,904 Vel, det ville det ha vært, men spillet ble aldri sluppet. 19 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:49,720 Når spillet nærmet seg ferdigstillelse vitset den legendariske spilldesigneren Shigeru Miyamoto 20 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:54,766 om at det burde være den tredje utgaven av hans Star Fox serie istedet. 21 00:01:54,766 --> 00:01:57,451 I løpet av de to neste årene var det akkurat det han og Nintendo gjorde 22 00:01:57,451 --> 00:02:03,462 De skrev om og redesignet spillet og slapp det som Star Fox Adventures til Game Cube i 2002. 23 00:02:03,462 --> 00:02:08,961 I denne fornyede versjonen har Krystal, som skulle ha vært protagonisten blitt omgjort til en jomfru i nød 24 00:02:08,961 --> 00:02:12,502 og tilbringer det aller meste av spillet fanget i et krystallfengsel 25 00:02:12,502 --> 00:02:15,699 i påvente av å bli reddet av den nye helten, Fox McCloud. 26 00:02:15,699 --> 00:02:19,259 Actionsekvensene i spillet som i utgangspunktet var skapt for Krystal 27 00:02:19,259 --> 00:02:21,802 ble omgjort for Fox istedet. 28 00:02:21,802 --> 00:02:25,317 Krystal er gitt et mindre, mer sexualisert antrekk. 29 00:02:26,470 --> 00:02:29,102 "Wow! Hun er vakker!" 30 00:02:35,796 --> 00:02:38,072 "Hva er det jeg gjør?" 31 00:02:38,072 --> 00:02:43,516 Og ja. Den kleine saksofonmusikken er der for å gjøre det krystallklart 32 00:02:43,516 --> 00:02:47,824 at hun nå er et objekt for begjær, selv i bevisstløs tilstand. 33 00:02:47,824 --> 00:02:56,003 For å strø salt i såret, bruker Fox hennes magiske stav til å kjempe seg gjennom spillet for å redde henne. 34 00:02:56,003 --> 00:02:59,173 Fortellingen om hvordan Krystal gikk fra å være helt i sitt eget episke eventyr 35 00:02:59,173 --> 00:03:01,516 til å bli det passive offeret i noen andres spill 36 00:03:01,516 --> 00:03:05,735 illustrerer hvordan Jomfru i nød tropen umyndiggjør kvinnelige karakterer 37 00:03:05,735 --> 00:03:09,237 og frarøver dem sjansen til å være helter i seg selv. 38 00:03:10,222 --> 00:03:14,947 Termen 'Damsel in Distress' er en oversettelse av det franske 'demoiselle en détresse'. 39 00:03:14,947 --> 00:03:17,358 'Demoiselle' betyr enkelt og greit 'jomfru' 40 00:03:17,358 --> 00:03:23,778 mens 'détresse' betyr, angst eller fortvilelse på grunn av en følelse av forlatthet, hjelpesløshet eller fare. 41 00:03:23,778 --> 00:03:27,142 Som en trope driver jomfruen i nød handlingen fremover 42 00:03:27,142 --> 00:03:30,149 som en kvinnelig karakter plasert i en farlig situasjon 43 00:03:30,149 --> 00:03:34,628 hun ikke kan rømme fra selv og må reddes av en mannlig karakter, 44 00:03:34,628 --> 00:03:38,910 som vanligvis er hovedmotivasjonen i protagonistens oppdrag. 45 00:03:38,910 --> 00:03:42,231 I videospill er dette oftest oppnådd med kidnapping 46 00:03:42,231 --> 00:03:46,483 men det kan også skje i form av forsteining eller demonbesettelse for eksempel. 47 00:03:46,483 --> 00:03:51,490 Tradisjonelt er kvinnen i nød et familiemedlem eller ################### 48 00:03:51,490 --> 00:03:56,673 prinsesser, koner, kjærester og søstre er alle vanlige å bruke i rollen. 49 00:03:57,458 --> 00:04:01,985 Jomfruen i nød er selvsagt flere tusen år eldre enn noe videospill 50 00:04:01,985 --> 00:04:06,578 Tropen kan spores tilbake til gammel gresk mytologi og fortellingen om Persevs. 51 00:04:06,578 --> 00:04:10,536 Ifølge myten er Andromeda i ferd med å bli slukt av et havmonster 52 00:04:10,536 --> 00:04:14,081 etter å ha blitt lenket fast til en stein som et menneskelig offer. 53 00:04:14,081 --> 00:04:18,929 Persevs dreper beistet, redder prinsessen og gjør krav på henne som kone. 54 00:04:18,929 --> 00:04:25,065 I middelalderen var jomfruen i nød et vanlig innslag i sanger, legender og eventyr 55 00:04:25,065 --> 00:04:28,736 Det å redde ei hjelpeløs kvinne ble ofte framstilt som raison d'être 56 00:04:28,736 --> 00:04:33,223 eller grunnen for å eksistere i datidens romantiske fortellinger og dikt 57 00:04:33,223 --> 00:04:38,853 med en vandrende ridder på eventyr for å bevise sin ridderlighet, dyktighet og dyd 58 00:04:38,856 --> 00:04:42,992 I overgangen til det tjuende århundret, ble 59 00:04:43,002 --> 00:04:48,752 60 00:04:48,752 --> 00:04:55,355 61 00:04:55,356 --> 00:05:01,256 62 00:05:03,563 --> 00:05:07,426 63 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