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>> Living in harmony with
your evolutionary past Part 1.

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This is an asynchronous presentation.

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As we all know, we are part of parcel of nature.

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And it always reminds me when
we look at our genetics and DNA.

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Remember, genetically, we're -- And even to
bananas, we are 60% genetically similar to a cow

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about 80%, to a mouse 85, to a cat 90,
to a chimpanzee 96% genetically similar.

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And all modern humans are
99.9% genetically similar.

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So in a way, we are almost controlled in a
way or modulated by our evolutionary past.

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And no -- And any variation of that
may make life more challenging.

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But anyway, it sometimes then helps to ask
the question, on reflection, how did we evolve

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and how did we live for those
thousands of generations?

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Go back 50,000 years ago, how did we live?

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We were hunting, gatherers.

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We ate all variety of foods.

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We lived in small clans.

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Yes, people died in childbirth,
people died in accidents,

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but some lived till the age 90 just as much.

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There may have been a deduction in some
of the illnesses we now so commonly have,

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such as our inflammatory illnesses, you know.

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And what kind of foods did people
eat by which they allowed themselves

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to survive, by which we survived?

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How did we move?

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How do we take rest?

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What constitute our social systems
which is probably a small claim.

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All those factors still are
seen in our behavior today.

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We still react.

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We still live and optimally when we accept and
live in harmony with our evolutionary past.

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So this presentation will focus more on this.

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And part of it is that I look around and
I'm also shocked of how many young children

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and adults have now autoimmune illnesses, have
cognitive disorders such as ADHD or, you know,

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or how many have other illnesses is listed here.

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And how come many of these -- Those
diseases were mainly absent in rural Africa

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and much more common in the
industrialized first world.

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And we see this kind of epidemic of
autoimmune illnesses, of allergies increasing

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and increasing all around the world.

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And then how come one third of
American children are now prediabetic,

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which is really a horrible
prediction for the future?

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How come there's such an
increase in nearsightedness?

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How come cancer, Alzheimer's disease, appears
to be occurring earlier than ever before?

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And how come these diseases are occurring
more frequently and were almost absent

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in your grandparents' generation or
in our non-industrialized people?

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These are the interesting questions to me
because they ask not just what can we do

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to treat these disorders, what
can we do to treat allergies.

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And it's remarkable that we can do some of that.

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But what is it that we need to do to
potentially prevent it and optimize our health?

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So that is really the sense
of trying to understand,

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living in harmony of our evolutionary past.

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And statistically, as you can see very well
on this slide, that many of the illnesses

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which are infectious disease is either by
viruses or by bacteria have now been reduced.

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Look at hepatitis A going down.

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TB has been going down, mumps and measles.

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I know that looks like it's
only due to vaccinations,

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but many of these were already going
down before vaccinations ever occurred.

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And look how we have this epidemic, in a
way, of these more autoimmune-like illnesses.

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You know, whether it's Crohn's disease,
that's a gastrointestinal disorder,

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or type 1 diabetes, asthma, multiple sclerosis.

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You know, it's really -- It's shocking when you
think of that, you know, of this radical change.

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You can also see that it's so interesting.

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It says mainly those diseases,

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those inflammatory diseases are
those from the Western hemisphere.

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If you look at the graph underneath and
look at Western Europe and the Canada

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and the United States, and you see
it's almost totally absent in --

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or much less in the other parts of the world.

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You know, and then -- You can
look at a rate of the increase

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in autism from very low to now very high.

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It's true that some of this is more
powerful diagnostic ways of doing it.

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We may recognize it when in the past
it was not recognized as a disorder,

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but it also looks like a real phenomenon.

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OK? And then you look at many of
the allergies we have, you know,

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just think, -- I keep thinking of that.

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You know, I used to remember flying, and when I
flew people would be serving peanuts and nuts.

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And the concept of having peanut allergy
just wasn't part of my awareness.

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And if you ask your grandparents, when they go
back and think of their childhood and they were

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in school, how many of them
knew people who had allergies?

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And many will say, maybe only one in 40.

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Now our students, one third of us will
say, gosh, I have some reactivity allergic.

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And it may because we have been
changing our world so much,

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we are now living away from
our evolutionary past.

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You know, look at it, for
example, about hay fever.

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Hay fever was first described
in 1819 by John Bostock.

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And, you know -- And it occurred really among
people of higher class and living in cities.

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Part of it is that if you were a
farm child or living in the farms,

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you would be continually exposed to
these, the materials from the hay,

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and therefore you would not
develop this allergy.

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And similar phenomena seems to be has occurred
for irritable bowel disease and Crohn's disease.

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That was first described in
1932 by Burrill Crohn, you know,

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in which he described this necrotizing
inflammation scarring of the intestines.

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However, this disease clearly is associated
with social class and wealth and the more --

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And being more and more removed
from any part of nature.

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It used to be one little per 10,000.

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Now it's even one per 200.

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It's just shocking to think about it.

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And then why is it that these
have all increased?

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I am not saying I know the answers at
all, but I'm looking at possible causes.

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I don't think we can say it's genetics.

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I think genetics, in many
cases, you look at that

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and we can find a genetic,
you know, link that is clear.

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But in most cases, genetics, you know,
only provides the possibility, you know,

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and it's the environment that it
pulls the trigger to expose it.

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So you may have a genetic
predisposition to gain weight

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and thereby potentially get
more type 2 diabetes.

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But if you don't eat the foods that
do this, you most likely won't get it.

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OK? So look at it over the last 30 years,
we have now increased in allergies.

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Now, how come all this may occur?

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Well, there are many factors.

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I'm only listing a few.

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I'm sure many of you can add many more.

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And they are all probably correct.

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It is very difficult to identify that
because if you do animal studies, you know,

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we're not totally the same as animals.

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We sometimes can't eat the same foods.

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And so, it is not totally the same.

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There are hidden at least.

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Well, let's just list a few.

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One, it's during pregnancy, the fetus experience
either a kind of alcohol malnutrition,

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but it's affluent malnutrition
in the Western world.

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But it really means probably inappropriate
amount of essential nutrients or an exposure

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to endocrine dysregulating chemicals.

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These are all the plastics.

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The -- These are all the pesticides, herbicides,
and the many things we ingest without knowing

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which in fact act as endocrine there's,
you know, systems dysregulation.

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Then because of finance, in many cases
socioeconomic inequality during the first year

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of life, we don't allow babies to
breastfeed and bond and possibly

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to concurrent malnutrition by giving formula.

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And by giving formula, you also
miss the transmission of immune --

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appropriate immune cells which you
have gotten from the breast milk.

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And then during early childhood and life, we get
exposed to endocrine dysregulating substances,

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the plastics, which you're all exposed to
often act as estrogens, the pesticides,

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the herbicides, they all may
affect our immune system.

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You know, then we have this
massive exposure to antibiotics.

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Antibiotics are great.

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I mean, gosh, if you have a bacterial
infection, you're going to die.

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Please get the appropriate antibiotic.

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However, in so many cases
it's used inappropriately.

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And what antibiotics do to you is they basically
remove or kill whole groups of bacteria

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which are essential for our health.

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So in fact, we have an impoverished human biome.

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And then we have excessive hygiene by
which in many ways we are no longer exposed

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to some viruses or bacteria which
in the past would have immunized us.

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And we see this now coming
up in the post-pandemic

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that many people have been
separated from each other.

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And now when we meet again, all of a
sudden, we have an increase in flus.

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There's nothing new to this.

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This has been observed before in
the expeditions to the Antarctica.

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When people in the Antarctica would go a
scientist, they would then be living there.

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And then the Antarctica winter would occur
they would no new people meeting them.

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And first upon -- When they first got together,
there were a number of flus and illnesses.

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Now they were all exposed,
no new bacteria came in.

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And for the next six months or however
much time it is, none of them got sick.

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People did get sick of other diseases, but not
of bacterial or viral infections, basically.

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And then the first visitor came and all

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of a sudden people would get
their colds or flus again.

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So by not being exposed, we
put ourselves more at risk.

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And that our lifestyle in a
way has really shifted so much.

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You know, we're so much -- We sit so
much, we have so much lack of movement.

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We have lights that interfere
in fact with our health.

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Light at night, for example,
maybe -- may affect, not only may,

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does affect our diurnal rhythms,
our daily rhythms, because light,

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especially blue component of
light, tends to suppress melatonin.

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And it's one of the factors people have
hypothesized is why young girls are developing

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earlier menarche immediately.

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The first menstruation occurred
because they have lights on at night

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which disturbs their biological rhythms
as well as increased weight and fat.

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There are many other factors.

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OK? But overall, you could
argue that a number of this kind

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of newer illnesses are the
result of our lifestyle.

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Namely, we have disrespected our evolutionary
origins without realizing that we are part

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of this intrinsic web that
includes diet, movement, parasites,

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biological rhythms, bacteria,
you name it, viruses.

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They're all part of us.

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And in many cases, some are -- Or in
many cases dysfunction can be reversed

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or maybe even prevented by respecting and
returning to our evolutionary origins.

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The data is overwhelming.

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You have people, for example, who get up
and do significant amount of movement tend

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to have less cardiovascular disease.

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Notice that's a dysfunction
which can be reversed.

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Eating less sugar and simple carbohydrates,
which is not part of our evolutionary past,

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would mean that they would not develop
type 2 diabetes or much less likely.

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So in a way, it goes right back to
the simple rules of health, but --

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Which we described earlier by Nassim Taleb.

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Anything that was not part of our
evolutionary past is probably harmful.

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I want to underline again,
anything that was novel and not part

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of our evolutionary past is probably harmful.

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And probably we don't need evidence
of harm to claim that a drug

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or any unnatural procedure is dangerous,
even if that harm does not yet exist.

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Therefore, the easiest way to
optimize health is to remove the,

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what he would call via negativity,
remove the unnatural, the unfamiliar.

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You know, just think of reducing lung cancer

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which is what people have demonstrated
very clearly by stopping smoking

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which is the function and the
irritation of the airways.

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All of a sudden, lung cancer is decreased and
a number of other illnesses are increased.

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Although right now we are seeing an
increased epidemic of the use of e-cigarettes,

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which will again lead to a future epidemic.

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OK. Remember, from an evolutionary
perspective, let me outline.

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Genes survive and prosper if their
reproductive fitness increases.

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And the changes in our external environment
continually impacts the natural selection

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of genes named our reproductive fitness.

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Novel and increased inputs
reduces our reproductive fitness.

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And you could say act as an allostatic load.

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And nature and natural selection
favors those mutations, those genes,

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those behaviors that enhance the
reproductive fitness with these novel stimuli.

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Therefore, by -- Thereby you
lose the allostatic load.

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And you keep in mind that is
especially true for younger people

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and people, you know, in their 20s and 30s.

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But once you have given birth or an older adult,
remember, you're not going to reproduce anymore.

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So then those illnesses have much -- are much
less affected by this evolutionary perspective.

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So I would not expect that
Alzheimer's is impacted by this

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because there's no natural selection.

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We have already reproduced.

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OK? But remember to underline
this again, natural selections.

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Individuals best adapted to their surroundings
enjoy increased reproductive success.

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They pass on the traits adaptive or
sometimes even maladaptive or neutral

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to their descendants, who gradually constitute
a greater proportion of the population.

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Remember, we carry this imprint
of our biological heritage in us.

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So, it's useful to say how and what were we
doing earlier on that allowed us to be us now.

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And now I want to underline this even
more, but this is very important.

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Let's have that selection.

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We are wired for whatever
habitat we are involved in.

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Biologists who study animals in the wild
describe this as habitat selection theory.

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And the general rule is that animals who
are in their natural habitat do much better.

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They thrive both physically and psychologically
and social behavior compared to animals

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that are placed in unnatural
habitat such as a zoo.

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They most likely evolved in the forest of
Africa without the presence of digital displays.

224
00:15:29,556 --> 00:15:32,186
And so, by just sitting in front
of digital displays the whole time,

225
00:15:32,186 --> 00:15:37,476
or just sitting the whole time, we
probably are reducing our health.

226
00:15:37,476 --> 00:15:44,226
And people have called sitting the, you know,
our -- The new epidemic of smoking, basically.

227
00:15:44,226 --> 00:15:50,146
And what I've said many times before is that
genetics only loads the gun, but our behavior

228
00:15:50,146 --> 00:15:52,196
and environment pulls the trigger.

229
00:15:52,196 --> 00:15:54,186
And I like that phrase a lot.

230
00:15:54,186 --> 00:16:01,186
So let me look at it give an example how our
environment may cause us to develop illness.

231
00:16:01,236 --> 00:16:05,716
This is called -- The concept is
evolutionary or ecological traps.

232
00:16:05,856 --> 00:16:08,246
Evolutionary/ecological traps occur

233
00:16:08,246 --> 00:16:14,256
when formerly adaptive habitat preference
become maladaptive, meaning they become harmful.

234
00:16:14,256 --> 00:16:17,216
Because the cues they individually
preferentially use

235
00:16:17,216 --> 00:16:22,026
in selecting habitat may now lead to
lower fitness than other alternatives.

236
00:16:22,026 --> 00:16:27,526
It means that whatever adaptive
habits of preference we evolve for,

237
00:16:27,566 --> 00:16:31,406
and now we allow that to happen
too much, it may lead to illness.

238
00:16:31,406 --> 00:16:34,226
But let me give a remarkable example of this.

239
00:16:34,226 --> 00:16:38,086
This is with the birds in the
Pacific called the albatross.

240
00:16:38,086 --> 00:16:41,456
And when you go to Midway
Island, it's just shocking.

241
00:16:41,456 --> 00:16:45,926
In Midway -- On Midway Island, you see
these many carcasses of these birds.

242
00:16:45,926 --> 00:16:50,496
You can see the skeletons, you can see
the feathers, and you see what was left

243
00:16:50,496 --> 00:16:52,716
over in a gastrointestinal tract.

244
00:16:52,716 --> 00:16:55,446
Look at all the pieces of plastic, how was that?

245
00:16:55,746 --> 00:16:58,226
How come? And so many are dying.

246
00:16:58,776 --> 00:17:03,536
Well, think of the albatross
going over the ocean from Midway.

247
00:17:03,536 --> 00:17:08,686
There -- That's an island which is
2,000 miles away from any other islands.

248
00:17:08,786 --> 00:17:11,816
And the bird lives, you know -- Eats the fish.

249
00:17:11,816 --> 00:17:14,586
So it goes -- It is flying over the ocean.

250
00:17:14,586 --> 00:17:16,716
It sees some shimmering in the water.

251
00:17:16,716 --> 00:17:18,366
It looks like a fish.

252
00:17:18,366 --> 00:17:22,126
And those birds for evolution,
who, you know, who have adopted

253
00:17:22,126 --> 00:17:27,506
and could identify this the quickest and the
most, they would then dive, they would eat it,

254
00:17:27,506 --> 00:17:32,216
swallow it, and then possibly
regurgitate it to their chicks.

255
00:17:32,216 --> 00:17:38,686
Now, however, that same shimmering in the
water now is our small piece of plastic

256
00:17:38,686 --> 00:17:40,886
which are coated also by the algae.

257
00:17:40,886 --> 00:17:43,586
So it has some of the similar
outer taste initially.

258
00:17:43,756 --> 00:17:50,886
So now what happens is the birds now
take this plastic and swallow it as food.

259
00:17:50,886 --> 00:17:56,736
Now, do we say these birds are stupid or are
we at fault that we have created this world

260
00:17:56,736 --> 00:18:00,226
where these birds, we made such a radical shift?

261
00:18:00,226 --> 00:18:04,096
So, these birds were evolved to
be able to see that shimmering,

262
00:18:04,306 --> 00:18:09,036
they would then go at it and now they would die.

263
00:18:09,036 --> 00:18:13,456
And that is a very, you know
-- It looks really challenging.

264
00:18:13,616 --> 00:18:20,896
And as Professor E.O. Wilson stated, organisms
when housed in unfit habitats undergo social,

265
00:18:20,896 --> 00:18:23,476
psychological, and physiological breakdown.

266
00:18:23,476 --> 00:18:27,536
Here then you see that the
habitat radically changed.

267
00:18:27,536 --> 00:18:34,676
The animal cell is wired to find
that shimmering object as food.

268
00:18:35,946 --> 00:18:37,406
But now it's no longer food.

269
00:18:38,926 --> 00:18:41,496
I want to keep this down because are we --

270
00:18:41,496 --> 00:18:46,166
What other evolutionary or environmental
traps are there for people today?

271
00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:50,286
You know, just if you took out a piece
of paper, think of things that may --

272
00:18:50,476 --> 00:18:58,106
you may be doing which you automatically do,
but basically are triggered by the environment

273
00:18:58,106 --> 00:19:00,776
because you have evolved for that to respond?

274
00:19:02,086 --> 00:19:03,466
Pause. I'll pause.

275
00:19:03,466 --> 00:19:04,346
I won't pause.

276
00:19:04,346 --> 00:19:07,046
Pause the computer for write
them down and let's check it out.

277
00:19:07,046 --> 00:19:07,926
Let me just think a few.

278
00:19:08,046 --> 00:19:11,286
One, we react to cues of food automatically.

279
00:19:11,286 --> 00:19:12,956
We see food, we may become hungry.

280
00:19:12,956 --> 00:19:15,036
We smell it, we become hungry.

281
00:19:15,036 --> 00:19:16,366
We, you know -- automatically.

282
00:19:16,426 --> 00:19:17,166
Well, why?

283
00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:19,336
Because we need food for survival.

284
00:19:20,456 --> 00:19:26,256
You know, for millions of years probably,
you know, food was only challenging.

285
00:19:26,256 --> 00:19:27,776
We always had to hunt for food.

286
00:19:28,516 --> 00:19:33,006
Therefore, we have really no
mechanisms easily to stop eating.

287
00:19:33,006 --> 00:19:35,766
And this is especially true for sugars.

288
00:19:35,766 --> 00:19:40,486
Almost all foods that are sweet
are usually not poisonous.

289
00:19:40,796 --> 00:19:46,146
Yes, I knew that -- know that the
paint, you know, lead paint is sweet

290
00:19:46,146 --> 00:19:48,926
when you chew it, the pieca it is called.

291
00:19:48,926 --> 00:19:50,736
However, that's not the rare things.

292
00:19:50,736 --> 00:19:56,566
Most other things in nature that
are sweet are -- represent calories.

293
00:19:56,566 --> 00:20:00,256
Therefore, we want to eat them because
we need the calories for survival.

294
00:20:00,396 --> 00:20:01,976
And we don't have an off switch easily.

295
00:20:02,076 --> 00:20:05,626
The same thing will be true for fats.

296
00:20:05,626 --> 00:20:11,846
So we -- When the cue of food is shown to
us, we react to eat or want to eat or hunger.

297
00:20:11,846 --> 00:20:13,626
And I'll show that in a moment.

298
00:20:14,326 --> 00:20:20,216
OK? And the similar part is I think for
reproduction, you know, we, you know --

299
00:20:20,216 --> 00:20:22,786
That's probably the drive
by pornography is such --

300
00:20:22,786 --> 00:20:26,916
is probably the biggest bandwidth on
the Internet because there are cues

301
00:20:26,986 --> 00:20:31,926
which said survival that leads to --
maybe because we want for reproduction.

302
00:20:32,016 --> 00:20:35,686
And then we have all the cues
around us for protection.

303
00:20:35,686 --> 00:20:39,676
We remember are -- we're historically prey.

304
00:20:40,256 --> 00:20:42,646
There were other animals that saw us for food.

305
00:20:42,646 --> 00:20:44,176
So we always had to be very careful.

306
00:20:44,246 --> 00:20:46,296
We had to look around and be vigilant.

307
00:20:46,296 --> 00:20:47,976
We still all are.

308
00:20:49,036 --> 00:20:54,696
And now however all those cues which of
sounds, of changing objects around cause us

309
00:20:54,696 --> 00:20:59,426
to react all the time and where
-- which captures our attention.

310
00:21:00,056 --> 00:21:03,026
You know, no wonder we tend to
get addicted to computer games.

311
00:21:03,026 --> 00:21:05,966
Once we sit and we watch one next, you know --

312
00:21:05,966 --> 00:21:10,026
We start to watch a Netflix series
automatically we keep sitting there,

313
00:21:10,026 --> 00:21:15,906
and then the next sequence pops up and we
don't change because we're captured by it.

314
00:21:15,906 --> 00:21:19,916
And then for survival in small groups, for --

315
00:21:20,096 --> 00:21:23,836
In clans, we need to know
who the power structure was.

316
00:21:23,836 --> 00:21:28,186
Because as we, you know, mature, we
want to be part of the power structure.

317
00:21:28,186 --> 00:21:29,176
We don't really exclude.

318
00:21:29,176 --> 00:21:30,406
We need to know what's going on.

319
00:21:30,406 --> 00:21:34,116
So in some sense, you could say
that's our social media addiction.

320
00:21:34,596 --> 00:21:38,156
You know, it's basic and
it's triggered that way.

321
00:21:38,156 --> 00:21:41,166
And then our bodies really want to rest.

322
00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:45,446
Why expend energy when there's not
enough energy you have or calories?

323
00:21:45,446 --> 00:21:47,556
So anytime you could rest, you would do it.

324
00:21:47,836 --> 00:21:51,306
So that quickly leads to excess
sitting and lack of movement.

325
00:21:51,306 --> 00:21:55,226
In the past, we didn't have to go to
the gym, we didn't have to go jogging.

326
00:21:55,476 --> 00:21:58,406
Our whole world included that physicalness.

327
00:21:58,576 --> 00:22:01,566
And so now, however, it doesn't.

328
00:22:01,566 --> 00:22:03,566
And then there are many other things that occur.

329
00:22:03,566 --> 00:22:06,046
Light, we want to be active,
we want to be involved.

330
00:22:06,046 --> 00:22:12,466
However, light, artificial light which keeps us
awake, keeps us active, also reduces our rest,

331
00:22:12,466 --> 00:22:17,076
interferes with melatonin, affects
our circadian rhythms, et cetera.

332
00:22:17,826 --> 00:22:25,386
And then the final pieces, from my
perspective, the brain cannot, I would say,

333
00:22:25,386 --> 00:22:30,596
discriminate between actual
and visual auditory images.

334
00:22:30,896 --> 00:22:39,106
So when we watch a film in front of
us for our brain this is really real.

335
00:22:39,706 --> 00:22:45,746
I know you, we all would say, yes, I know it's
a -- It is a drama, it's a play, it isn't real.

336
00:22:45,746 --> 00:22:53,556
And yet for our body, this is the first
time in our evolutionary past, well, really,

337
00:22:53,556 --> 00:22:58,576
since cameras were, you know -- since
you could do film in late 19th century,

338
00:22:58,756 --> 00:23:06,546
then we could have a picture which was not real
in the past, everything we saw was always real.

339
00:23:06,546 --> 00:23:07,866
We could touch.

340
00:23:07,866 --> 00:23:14,726
And so, when things go into our eyes, our
brains say, that's real, and we react this way.

341
00:23:14,726 --> 00:23:20,916
And even though we may want to argue
that, I think most of you, if not all,

342
00:23:20,916 --> 00:23:28,146
have had the experience that if you
watch a horror movie or horrible scenes

343
00:23:28,146 --> 00:23:32,166
where the horrible things happened
in a series and then you go outside,

344
00:23:32,166 --> 00:23:36,836
all of a sudden that little noise behind
you triggers a massive autonomic response.

345
00:23:36,836 --> 00:23:38,526
In the past, that would not have done that.

346
00:23:39,316 --> 00:23:44,466
Because we are -- Our bodies saw what
we saw on the film react as real.

347
00:23:44,466 --> 00:23:49,846
And I think we have really underestimated
that how powerful that phenomenon is.

348
00:23:49,846 --> 00:23:53,526
And part of the reason we
have these economic we are --

349
00:23:54,216 --> 00:24:04,646
We react all the time is because our commercial
industry uses these cues which are really traps

350
00:24:04,646 --> 00:24:07,746
for us to capture our eyeballs
and that's the whole basis

351
00:24:07,746 --> 00:24:10,646
of our social media, of all
the many of the Internet.

352
00:24:10,646 --> 00:24:13,256
It's really people don't
get paid for the content.

353
00:24:13,256 --> 00:24:17,116
They get paid for our attention,
hijacking our attention.

354
00:24:17,116 --> 00:24:24,936
And equally for many industries, it is the
profit margin that doesn't ask, is it healthy?

355
00:24:24,936 --> 00:24:28,256
It just asks can be, can
you, will you buy the object?

356
00:24:28,256 --> 00:24:34,156
Just think of the, all the cereals with high
laden with sugar, all the candies in front

357
00:24:34,826 --> 00:24:42,106
of the counters, you know, and do we then
blame children that they have no control?

358
00:24:42,106 --> 00:24:48,906
So in a child who is wired from an evolutionary
perspective for survival to eat more calories,

359
00:24:48,906 --> 00:24:52,866
when it sees the sweets, it wants those.

360
00:24:55,136 --> 00:24:56,466
Do we blame the child?

361
00:24:57,796 --> 00:25:01,936
Or should we blaming the corporate
culture, the world around us?

362
00:25:02,046 --> 00:25:07,746
And maybe we really need to be careful with
this and say, oops, you may need to define that

363
00:25:07,746 --> 00:25:11,436
and we may need to set, you
know, social constraints

364
00:25:11,436 --> 00:25:15,356
that we don't trigger these
dysfunctional behaviors.

365
00:25:15,356 --> 00:25:20,646
And remember, even watching pictures of food
and smelling it will activate your brain.

366
00:25:20,646 --> 00:25:24,026
You know, it is most interesting.

367
00:25:24,026 --> 00:25:25,646
I think I have a slide in that later.

368
00:25:25,646 --> 00:25:33,396
OK? So the solutions really are that the
society may need to protect its own population

369
00:25:33,396 --> 00:25:39,006
from the commercial exploitation of
these evolutionary ecological traps.

370
00:25:39,006 --> 00:25:41,476
Now this is a great difficult
discussion because we think

371
00:25:41,476 --> 00:25:44,186
of the freedom of speech in a very broad sense.

372
00:25:44,566 --> 00:25:46,606
But yes, I think it is a critical issue.

373
00:25:46,606 --> 00:25:54,886
We cannot depend upon self-regulation
to reduce our sugar content in our Coke,

374
00:25:54,886 --> 00:25:58,126
in our foods around us or anything else.

375
00:25:58,226 --> 00:26:01,386
And you can already see the
effect in human physiology

376
00:26:02,566 --> 00:26:06,486
by having been exposed to
these environmental traps.

377
00:26:06,486 --> 00:26:11,846
If you look at the brainwave activity,
the quantitative electroencephalography,

378
00:26:11,846 --> 00:26:18,046
the brain activity, the brains of
normal students today look more

379
00:26:18,046 --> 00:26:23,076
like an ADHD student than 20 years ago.

380
00:26:23,076 --> 00:26:28,816
If you look at the spine of young people
today, as colleagues of mine in Canada observed

381
00:26:28,816 --> 00:26:33,676
in the athletics department that compared
to 20 years ago, the spine just --

382
00:26:33,676 --> 00:26:36,866
The upper spine, these people
are slightly more curved forward

383
00:26:37,026 --> 00:26:41,666
because our whole world is looking down at
our cell phone or looking at our screens.

384
00:26:41,666 --> 00:26:46,886
The pandemic only, you know, accelerated
this trend that was already going on.

385
00:26:47,866 --> 00:26:52,866
And then there's so many other qualities,
things that we have, increase of pesticides,

386
00:26:52,866 --> 00:26:58,526
of plastics, of BPA, all of that
which may lead to pathology.

387
00:26:58,756 --> 00:27:01,976
So we may need to control our -- By the --

388
00:27:01,976 --> 00:27:07,656
With our legal system, be
exposure to protect ourselves.

389
00:27:07,656 --> 00:27:08,706
It's a challenge.

390
00:27:08,706 --> 00:27:12,866
OK? But just for fun, let me go
back for a moment what I said

391
00:27:12,866 --> 00:27:15,686
about what you see and smell affects your body.

392
00:27:15,966 --> 00:27:20,436
The brain and visual system, remember, are
intimately linked to the acquisition of food.

393
00:27:20,436 --> 00:27:22,216
It is necessary for survival.

394
00:27:23,216 --> 00:27:27,836
And when we get an image of
food and the smell of food,

395
00:27:27,836 --> 00:27:30,976
our physiological neurological changes respond.

396
00:27:31,286 --> 00:27:35,256
And it may even be a danger
in our growing exposure.

397
00:27:35,256 --> 00:27:41,436
These beautiful presented images of foods, which
we do each time I go to Facebook or Instagram

398
00:27:41,436 --> 00:27:46,926
or TikTok and I make a short video on
TikTok about the delicious food I'm eating,

399
00:27:47,146 --> 00:27:50,756
or I take a picture and post it on
Facebook or Instagram on the food.

400
00:27:52,146 --> 00:27:55,006
What happens is it will induce
this in the person.

401
00:27:55,006 --> 00:27:58,116
Here, I take the picture and
then I can look at the brain,

402
00:27:58,116 --> 00:28:00,546
what happens to the person does this is work.

403
00:28:01,946 --> 00:28:06,896
And you can see by weighing it all, and you
can see that if you show the food inside a,

404
00:28:06,896 --> 00:28:13,636
you know, PFT [inaudible] imaging where you can
see how the blood flow goes through the brain,

405
00:28:13,636 --> 00:28:19,636
basically, or metabolism, then you see
all of a sudden that there's a 24 increase

406
00:28:19,636 --> 00:28:25,826
in the brain metabolism by just showing the
images of foods while lying in a scanner.

407
00:28:25,826 --> 00:28:29,706
Now, this is a very complicated study
where you don't only saw the image,

408
00:28:29,706 --> 00:28:32,896
they brought the smell in, they
put it on your tongue as well.

409
00:28:32,896 --> 00:28:35,656
So it's a very -- It's -- It is a complex one.

410
00:28:35,656 --> 00:28:42,016
However, imagine -- Imagination
and seeing it affects physiology.

411
00:28:43,056 --> 00:28:48,876
And so next time you send that great meal to
your friend, you may be helping them to want

412
00:28:48,876 --> 00:28:51,246
to eat more and increase their obesity.

413
00:28:51,706 --> 00:28:55,846
So really, you know, our diet
and exercise do change it.

414
00:28:55,846 --> 00:29:00,266
You've been sitting here for a little while now,
so just for a moment, once again, just get up.

415
00:29:00,686 --> 00:29:01,966
Just get up and move.

416
00:29:02,366 --> 00:29:04,226
I know it's so hard, but get up.

417
00:29:04,226 --> 00:29:05,706
Just wiggle and move.

418
00:29:05,886 --> 00:29:06,496
Just move.

419
00:29:06,656 --> 00:29:08,136
I'm swinging, I'm swinging.

420
00:29:08,446 --> 00:29:10,416
I reach up and then I look up.

421
00:29:10,416 --> 00:29:12,576
I look up again and I look up again.

422
00:29:12,636 --> 00:29:21,576
I take a big breath and then --
and I let my sit myself down again.

423
00:29:22,636 --> 00:29:27,756
And just note again, when you
have done that, note two things.

424
00:29:28,046 --> 00:29:34,136
One, how hard it was to get up and do it,
how much we want to just keep sitting.

425
00:29:34,136 --> 00:29:40,056
And two, that after you did it,
how your energy slightly went up.

426
00:29:40,056 --> 00:29:46,186
OK. So really remember, what I want to point
out is health is living your evolutionary roots

427
00:29:46,186 --> 00:29:49,396
and whatever increases reproductive
fitness predominates.

428
00:29:49,396 --> 00:29:53,566
And then remember our past
that we are wired to be preyed.

429
00:29:53,566 --> 00:29:59,216
And finally, we start regenerating
when we feel safe.

430
00:29:59,216 --> 00:30:01,976
And if you look at that more,
it means you may look at diet.

431
00:30:02,046 --> 00:30:05,196
We'll look at that much later
in the semester but have a lot

432
00:30:05,196 --> 00:30:08,286
of greens, tubers, nuts, organic foods.

433
00:30:08,636 --> 00:30:16,206
And then we can see that the absence of some of
the vitamins may lead to significant illnesses.

434
00:30:16,206 --> 00:30:18,126
And I'll talk about this in a moment.

435
00:30:18,246 --> 00:30:23,676
The lack of Omega 3, which we now have
massively up because we mainly have Omega 6s

436
00:30:23,676 --> 00:30:27,316
because of the massive amount of
corn products we eat, you know,

437
00:30:27,316 --> 00:30:33,876
may inhibit embryological development,
increase eczema, others, the folic acid,

438
00:30:34,106 --> 00:30:36,046
which is part of food -- of healthy eating a lot

439
00:30:36,046 --> 00:30:38,836
of veggies may increase the
risk of spina bifida.

440
00:30:39,296 --> 00:30:42,646
And then we have all the cases where
people are no longer doing breastfeeding.

441
00:30:42,646 --> 00:30:44,326
I'll talk about that in a moment.

442
00:30:44,366 --> 00:30:46,756
That increase the risk of
celiac disease and asthma.

443
00:30:46,756 --> 00:30:51,126
And then we have the whole light
night melatonin suppression by light.

444
00:30:52,096 --> 00:30:57,406
And then our relationship of
our body's bacteria, parasites.

445
00:30:57,406 --> 00:31:01,426
And I'll talk about that in a moment
about Crohn's disease, et cetera.

446
00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:04,906
OK, let me just see in detail
a little bit what happens

447
00:31:04,906 --> 00:31:07,676
when you disregard your evolutionary background.

448
00:31:07,676 --> 00:31:09,876
And I'll go through the following
fairly quickly.

449
00:31:10,056 --> 00:31:15,516
Living in isolation constantly formula, versus
breastfeeding or breastfeeding versus formula,

450
00:31:15,516 --> 00:31:20,166
eating processed foods or really
being having affluent malnutrition.

451
00:31:20,166 --> 00:31:27,906
Feeding an animal a carnivore a herbivore
diet, feeding a herbivore a carnivore diet,

452
00:31:27,906 --> 00:31:31,716
feeding rats milk protein casein
that we have never been used to,

453
00:31:31,716 --> 00:31:36,926
possibly how come we can get food
poisoning, et cetera, et cetera.

454
00:31:36,926 --> 00:31:39,246
OK. So let me first go back to isolation.

455
00:31:39,246 --> 00:31:40,406
It's most interesting.

456
00:31:40,406 --> 00:31:45,826
This was the study at Kaiser which I really
liked where they looked at the adults

457
00:31:45,826 --> 00:31:50,236
without children who contract COVID
19 versus those who had children.

458
00:31:50,236 --> 00:31:56,246
And notice that for equivalent ages,
this is before you're vaccinated,

459
00:31:57,106 --> 00:32:03,766
that adults who had no -- who are not
around little children were 49% were likely

460
00:32:03,766 --> 00:32:08,286
to be hospitalized and 76% more likely
to have intensive care unit admissions

461
00:32:08,286 --> 00:32:13,106
than infected adults of similar ages and health
histories who had young children at home.

462
00:32:13,546 --> 00:32:15,636
This really is a very impressive data.

463
00:32:15,636 --> 00:32:22,456
It suggests both social isolation is harmful
or it really says, gosh, for all our evolution,

464
00:32:22,456 --> 00:32:27,306
we lived in little clans that included
grandparents, great grandparents,

465
00:32:27,536 --> 00:32:30,246
parents, children and even babies.

466
00:32:30,246 --> 00:32:35,886
And all together and what the -- And you
could possibly argue is that little babies

467
00:32:35,886 --> 00:32:41,396
and toddlers continually have snotty
noses, they have flus, and these are --

468
00:32:41,396 --> 00:32:45,256
They are all by different most cases by viruses.

469
00:32:45,436 --> 00:32:49,296
And by being exposed to that
continuously or episodically,

470
00:32:49,426 --> 00:32:51,996
we're getting a kind of natural vaccination.

471
00:32:51,996 --> 00:33:02,746
And that may then protect us from the COVID
virus because 30% of flus are coronavirus

472
00:33:02,746 --> 00:33:04,756
which is in a similar family as the COVID.

473
00:33:05,876 --> 00:33:06,906
So that's possibly.

474
00:33:06,906 --> 00:33:12,596
And when we have looked at what happened with
COVID is that the greatest deaths occurred

475
00:33:12,596 --> 00:33:16,376
with elderly who were in locations
where there were no little kids

476
00:33:16,376 --> 00:33:19,516
around and had comorbidities.

477
00:33:19,516 --> 00:33:22,126
OK. But, you know, let me
shift to different ones.

478
00:33:22,526 --> 00:33:24,266
Reflect on the statement.

479
00:33:24,266 --> 00:33:27,046
Think of the risk and benefits
of feeding a baby.

480
00:33:27,046 --> 00:33:30,796
Formula is better because it allows
the mother to sleep and regenerate.

481
00:33:30,796 --> 00:33:36,286
It involves the partner in the baby's
care, right, pros and cons on that.

482
00:33:36,286 --> 00:33:40,006
Just stop it and think about it.

483
00:33:40,006 --> 00:33:45,866
Now I'll just argue a few reasons why maybe
breastfeeding is normal, natural, and healthier.

484
00:33:45,866 --> 00:33:50,966
And this data I'll talk about can be very
much criticized because you could argue

485
00:33:50,966 --> 00:33:55,606
that by definition people who can
breastfeed may be more affluent

486
00:33:55,606 --> 00:33:57,396
and different socioeconomic factors.

487
00:33:57,396 --> 00:34:01,876
And when you control from those the risk
-- these data may slightly disappear.

488
00:34:02,546 --> 00:34:08,236
OK? But there's no way I can be
persuaded from an evolutionary perspective

489
00:34:08,236 --> 00:34:14,066
and Polyp's perspective as well that
a formula can better than breast milk,

490
00:34:14,226 --> 00:34:18,976
unless there's some specific
cases of sickness or others.

491
00:34:19,616 --> 00:34:25,076
OK? But basically, the data is overwhelming
from this perspective that children,

492
00:34:25,076 --> 00:34:30,236
babies who are breastfed have a reduced
risk of asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes,

493
00:34:30,236 --> 00:34:33,626
ear and respiratory infections,
and sudden infant death syndrome.

494
00:34:34,266 --> 00:34:36,556
It also -- It lowers the mother's risk

495
00:34:36,556 --> 00:34:41,036
of hypertension type 2 diabetes,
ovarian and breast cancer.

496
00:34:41,036 --> 00:34:46,256
You know, what is so sad is that this is
mainly the challenge of economic disparity.

497
00:34:46,256 --> 00:34:53,096
And in the US, it's our public health policies
or public policies which basically do not allow

498
00:34:53,156 --> 00:34:55,756
or give women time to breastfeed.

499
00:34:56,366 --> 00:35:00,776
Namely in some European countries, you
can have a year off or two years off

500
00:35:00,776 --> 00:35:04,956
where after you give birth you can
be at home and get your salary paid.

501
00:35:05,046 --> 00:35:07,716
And I think we need to do that.

502
00:35:07,716 --> 00:35:08,586
Basically.

503
00:35:08,586 --> 00:35:12,166
in the US what we want to do is we want
to not have costs at the beginning,

504
00:35:12,166 --> 00:35:16,606
and then we're stuck with these
very high costs as we get older.

505
00:35:16,606 --> 00:35:20,766
I would recommend we should do the
cost up front and support the women

506
00:35:20,766 --> 00:35:24,256
so their jobs are kept being
that they have equality

507
00:35:24,256 --> 00:35:26,336
and they can go back to their job afterwards.

508
00:35:26,336 --> 00:35:29,896
But if you look at the data,
the data I think is clear.

509
00:35:30,636 --> 00:35:34,996
Most children, most mothers -- If
they can, in some cases you can't.

510
00:35:34,996 --> 00:35:36,656
There's no harm in that.

511
00:35:36,656 --> 00:35:37,786
You do the best one can do.

512
00:35:37,786 --> 00:35:41,486
But in those cases, you can.

513
00:35:41,716 --> 00:35:44,636
Most mothers want to breastfeed
and try to continue to.

514
00:35:44,856 --> 00:35:46,716
However, it's very difficult.

515
00:35:46,716 --> 00:35:49,746
If you go to work and then
you have to pump the breast

516
00:35:49,746 --> 00:35:52,396
and do other things, the
system is just against it.

517
00:35:52,396 --> 00:35:53,646
It's too much work.

518
00:35:53,646 --> 00:35:55,906
And notice by, you know, after three months,

519
00:35:55,906 --> 00:35:58,796
only half the babies were
exclusively breastfeeding.

520
00:35:58,796 --> 00:36:04,846
And by 12 months, only one third, you
know, and most supplemented with formula.

521
00:36:04,846 --> 00:36:07,596
The key is you don't want to
supplement this with formula.

522
00:36:07,806 --> 00:36:10,796
At best, what you do is you
want to breastfeed continuously

523
00:36:10,796 --> 00:36:13,636
and keep supplementing other foods enter --

524
00:36:13,796 --> 00:36:19,126
other foods continually to it than you also
reduce a massive rate of any allergies to.

525
00:36:19,126 --> 00:36:23,066
The data is clear that if
you do both at the same time,

526
00:36:23,666 --> 00:36:26,316
then there's very low allergy rates to foods.

527
00:36:26,506 --> 00:36:29,316
However, in the United States
this is really an issue

528
00:36:29,316 --> 00:36:33,066
of economic disparity and to me it's immoral.

529
00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:37,006
But the quick summaries and I'll give
some data on these for the mother,

530
00:36:37,006 --> 00:36:41,186
it distinctly reduces the breast cancer
risk, reduces stress, enhance bonding.

531
00:36:41,186 --> 00:36:45,066
For the baby enhanced bonding,
reduces allergy, reduces obesity,

532
00:36:45,066 --> 00:36:46,796
probably enhances immune function.

533
00:36:46,796 --> 00:36:52,676
But look for the mother in detail if you study
breast cancer for 10 years after pregnancy,

534
00:36:53,166 --> 00:36:56,396
then you see those who had 34 more weeks

535
00:36:56,396 --> 00:37:00,586
of breastfeeding had a cancer
risk drop by 13%, you know.

536
00:37:00,846 --> 00:37:05,446
There is distinct, and this is
probably much higher than that if the --

537
00:37:05,446 --> 00:37:07,656
One gives birth in your early 20s.

538
00:37:07,656 --> 00:37:11,146
There's a consensus at early
first birth an increased number

539
00:37:11,146 --> 00:37:15,576
of full-time births shows you a significantly
long term reduction of breast cancer risks.

540
00:37:16,426 --> 00:37:21,596
OK? And I think this is really
something we don't talk about

541
00:37:21,756 --> 00:37:23,906
and for the benefits for the baby as a group.

542
00:37:23,906 --> 00:37:27,876
And again, like I said, the data
is very difficult because this is

543
00:37:27,876 --> 00:37:32,036
so confusing by socioeconomic inequalities.

544
00:37:32,176 --> 00:37:35,776
Babies who are breastfed have higher
IQs as adults than formula fed.

545
00:37:36,196 --> 00:37:40,086
You know, the people born in
1920s and '30s who were breastfed

546
00:37:40,086 --> 00:37:44,066
as babies achieved significantly upward
mobility when they were in the 60s

547
00:37:44,066 --> 00:37:46,726
and 70s compared to formula-fed babies.

548
00:37:46,726 --> 00:37:50,186
Men and women who were part
of this study in 1937,

549
00:37:50,186 --> 00:37:53,786
'39 had a 50% reduction developing
celiac disease.

550
00:37:53,786 --> 00:37:55,796
That seems to be very common.

551
00:37:55,796 --> 00:38:00,986
So as if by being breastfed and then
slowly adding food to it, you don't --

552
00:38:00,986 --> 00:38:04,166
You can continue to be able to eat glutens

553
00:38:04,166 --> 00:38:09,926
and not develop celiac disease
compared to breastfed babies.

554
00:38:09,926 --> 00:38:15,816
And formula-fed babies are fatter
as children and skinnier as adults.

555
00:38:15,816 --> 00:38:20,086
I'm going to underwrite that,
formula babies are fatter as babies.

556
00:38:20,086 --> 00:38:20,606
I'm sorry.

557
00:38:20,846 --> 00:38:22,856
And as children and adults, they're skinnier.

558
00:38:22,856 --> 00:38:23,696
That's an error there.

559
00:38:23,696 --> 00:38:28,786
OK? But remember, the formula are
incomplete for the first couple of months.

560
00:38:28,786 --> 00:38:33,436
It doesn't have all the appropriate fatty acids
which are necessary for neural development.

561
00:38:33,436 --> 00:38:35,876
Although after a while the
brain will replace its all --

562
00:38:35,876 --> 00:38:40,196
Again, our body place itself
so that we can all do it.

563
00:38:40,476 --> 00:38:45,766
But it still means that for the first
four months the baby is getting basically

564
00:38:45,766 --> 00:38:50,536
inappropriate products, as well as all
the immune cells and other things it gets

565
00:38:50,536 --> 00:38:53,346
from the mother via the breast milk.

566
00:38:53,346 --> 00:38:58,626
And then even when one is very conscientious
about pumping milk and sharing this,

567
00:38:58,626 --> 00:39:03,816
and it's just great that can be done that the
milk is different at different times of day.

568
00:39:03,816 --> 00:39:07,436
So when the mother is going to sleep,
the breast milk has a different quality,

569
00:39:07,436 --> 00:39:10,706
has different substances which
allows the baby to go to sleep more

570
00:39:10,706 --> 00:39:12,776
and the same thing in the morning.

571
00:39:13,516 --> 00:39:16,036
And now what happens when you
mix these up for the baby?

572
00:39:16,036 --> 00:39:17,606
So life is more complex.

573
00:39:18,806 --> 00:39:21,836
And remember, babies that are fed on
formula may be slightly disadvantaged.

574
00:39:21,836 --> 00:39:23,186
I've already looked at that.

575
00:39:23,226 --> 00:39:28,666
Babies born in 1970 in formula-fed are twice
likely to have neurological problems at age nine

576
00:39:28,666 --> 00:39:32,076
as compared to exclusive breastfed
for the first three weeks.

577
00:39:32,156 --> 00:39:37,336
Premature babies who are formula-fed achieve
significantly low IQ scores at age eight.

578
00:39:37,336 --> 00:39:40,146
And premature babies are breastfed.

579
00:39:40,146 --> 00:39:44,276
Is this due to the breastfed milk,
due the absence of body contact?

580
00:39:44,276 --> 00:39:47,506
Is it due because by having the
privilege to be able to breastfeed,

581
00:39:47,506 --> 00:39:50,746
it means you're already in
a more upper social class?

582
00:39:50,746 --> 00:39:52,556
There are many of those, you know.

583
00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:56,156
And I can keep going on these
if you look at formula.

584
00:39:56,346 --> 00:40:00,976
Maternal milk is better than formula for
preterm babies, that date is quite good.

585
00:40:01,096 --> 00:40:05,266
OK. And then finally, which is the
most interesting part when you think

586
00:40:05,266 --> 00:40:13,846
of the evolutionary perspective, it
isn't only the baby at this point,

587
00:40:13,846 --> 00:40:16,076
we need to also think of the epigenetics.

588
00:40:16,076 --> 00:40:21,666
And I'm not going to talk about that today
or much, but remember that the mother --

589
00:40:21,876 --> 00:40:30,726
The pregnant mother's lifestyle has an
impact on the fetal -- fetus development.

590
00:40:30,726 --> 00:40:38,046
If the mother is anxious, is stressed, taking
drugs, takes alcohol, it affects the development

591
00:40:38,046 --> 00:40:40,676
of the baby and that is a
burden the baby will carry.

592
00:40:40,816 --> 00:40:44,956
However, it gets even more
significant that in fact the sense

593
00:40:44,956 --> 00:40:50,326
that people say illnesses skip a generation,
they're sort of right in a very funny way.

594
00:40:50,326 --> 00:40:57,616
Because a pregnant mother -- woman impacts
her baby, but also her future grandchild.

595
00:40:57,936 --> 00:41:04,286
Because the little fetus that's
developing, all the fetuses' eggs

596
00:41:04,286 --> 00:41:10,226
that are developing during the time
it's a fetus are impacted by the mother.

597
00:41:10,226 --> 00:41:14,326
And that means that when that
-- The child becomes the mother,

598
00:41:14,696 --> 00:41:18,806
its eggs are also have already
been shaped by her mother.

599
00:41:18,806 --> 00:41:21,686
So the grandmother in fact impacts the mother.

600
00:41:21,686 --> 00:41:24,546
And once you look at that, you
can really see how we do --

601
00:41:24,976 --> 00:41:27,926
How our past transcends into the future.

602
00:41:28,566 --> 00:41:33,416
And then let's look at totally about some
whole other areas about food, when we --

603
00:41:33,696 --> 00:41:44,536
I cannot say enough about how I would say
how bad in many ways the US food supply is.

604
00:41:44,896 --> 00:41:49,876
Bad is the wrong word to use how
unnutritious in any way it is.

605
00:41:49,876 --> 00:41:52,556
It's remarkable that we get plenty of calories

606
00:41:52,556 --> 00:41:55,336
and that's very important
if you don't have calories.

607
00:41:55,336 --> 00:42:02,476
However, we are now becoming a world
of malnutrition, affluent malnutrition.

608
00:42:02,926 --> 00:42:07,366
And we often spend lots of money's
time on foods that are not nutritious.

609
00:42:07,366 --> 00:42:11,916
Here's a single case study as
we're about to look out for fun.

610
00:42:11,916 --> 00:42:17,006
If you drink 10 Cokes a day for a month --
Now, it's not a study, it's a case report.

611
00:42:17,736 --> 00:42:19,026
But I think it makes perfect sense.

612
00:42:19,026 --> 00:42:25,156
When you drink a can, a £12 can of
Coke, you're drinking 39 grams of sugar.

613
00:42:25,156 --> 00:42:26,106
That's a lot.

614
00:42:26,106 --> 00:42:27,846
What happened?

615
00:42:27,846 --> 00:42:33,446
Outcome after one month, increased
weight by 23 pounds, insulin levels,

616
00:42:33,446 --> 00:42:39,296
the person became prediabetic, blood pressures
increased, the body fat increased by 9%.

617
00:42:39,296 --> 00:42:42,656
And this -- And later on the
Harvard study has also shown this,

618
00:42:42,656 --> 00:42:48,616
drinking one can of soda can lead to
a five-pound weight gain in a year.

619
00:42:48,616 --> 00:42:53,926
And also drinking soda daily is strongly
to early death and increased likelihood

620
00:42:53,926 --> 00:42:55,466
of having a heart attack or stroke.

621
00:42:55,466 --> 00:43:01,656
It's also linked in women with an increase
in osteoarthritis even with athletes.

622
00:43:01,656 --> 00:43:07,296
OK? So I'm not recommending drinking Cokes
by definition, but just when we don't listen

623
00:43:07,296 --> 00:43:13,876
to our evolutionary diet or background and
we now do changes, it may backfire on us.

624
00:43:13,876 --> 00:43:14,956
And I'm going to use a few.

625
00:43:14,956 --> 00:43:18,876
I'm going to give three examples of this.

626
00:43:18,876 --> 00:43:23,976
You can think of many more, but I'm trying
to think of a way of thinking about this.

627
00:43:23,976 --> 00:43:27,516
OK. So what I look for is may you
feed carnivores or herbivore diet,

628
00:43:27,516 --> 00:43:30,076
when you feed herbivores a carnivore diet.

629
00:43:30,076 --> 00:43:33,936
And when you feed rats foods they were
totally unfamiliar with in their history.

630
00:43:33,936 --> 00:43:37,266
So that's an allostatic load.

631
00:43:37,366 --> 00:43:40,826
OK? This goes back to 1985.

632
00:43:41,236 --> 00:43:44,966
This is in the US zoos, cheetahs
were not doing well.

633
00:43:45,586 --> 00:43:48,546
They had many deaths, only
18 births, seven died.

634
00:43:48,656 --> 00:43:51,146
Six percent cheetahs had liver damage.

635
00:43:51,226 --> 00:43:54,296
Only 10% of females produce cups.

636
00:43:54,296 --> 00:43:56,076
You could argue well, because they're in a zoo.

637
00:43:56,366 --> 00:43:58,766
It worked out is not the
case because in the zoos

638
00:43:58,766 --> 00:44:00,666
in South Africa, the cheetahs were doing well.

639
00:44:00,666 --> 00:44:04,206
Remember, the cheetahs are one of the
fastest animals in the world, you know,

640
00:44:05,186 --> 00:44:09,706
and so they had -- But in South
African zoos they had no problem.

641
00:44:09,706 --> 00:44:13,466
Why? Well, what is the food we're feeding?

642
00:44:13,466 --> 00:44:16,626
Who knows what it totally is,
but what the major factors appear

643
00:44:16,626 --> 00:44:19,396
to be the diet of cheetah's health.

644
00:44:19,396 --> 00:44:24,426
In South African -- In South Africa, the
cheetahs ate whole carcasses, whole meat,

645
00:44:24,996 --> 00:44:28,216
just like they did for their evolutionary past.

646
00:44:28,216 --> 00:44:32,806
In the US the cheetahs start to eat commercial
prepared cat food because it's much cheaper.

647
00:44:32,856 --> 00:44:34,066
There was horse meat, that's OK.

648
00:44:34,066 --> 00:44:38,346
But they include a lot of soya bean
products were added for protein.

649
00:44:39,366 --> 00:44:43,946
Soy contains diazine and genistein
which acts as weak estrogens.

650
00:44:44,036 --> 00:44:48,736
And estrogens can affect liver and increase
the size of uterus, possibly also carcinogenic

651
00:44:48,736 --> 00:44:52,826
and excessive if you're estrogen
sensitive for breast cancer patients.

652
00:44:53,926 --> 00:44:58,846
What is so interesting, when they got rid of
the soy and they gave the animals only meat,

653
00:44:59,376 --> 00:45:01,936
their health improved and
their fertility improved again.

654
00:45:02,146 --> 00:45:04,826
I'm not saying that eating
soy causes this at all.

655
00:45:04,826 --> 00:45:09,016
In human beings because we are
not carnivores, we are omnivores.

656
00:45:09,016 --> 00:45:17,506
Although I have my questions
about, you know, nonorganic soy,

657
00:45:17,506 --> 00:45:19,356
so I would not quite recommend that.

658
00:45:19,586 --> 00:45:21,426
But then look at the opposite one.

659
00:45:22,126 --> 00:45:27,116
This is the mad cow disease episode
that occurred about 20, 25 years ago.

660
00:45:27,316 --> 00:45:29,826
And this was happened mainly in Britain.

661
00:45:29,826 --> 00:45:35,386
And what happened is that the animals
developed something called mad cow disease,

662
00:45:35,576 --> 00:45:42,436
bovine spongy form encephalopathy,
essentially degenerate brain disease.

663
00:45:42,436 --> 00:45:46,746
It's a similar disease that is seen in
human beings as Creutzveldt-Jacob disease.

664
00:45:46,746 --> 00:45:48,186
It's a prion disease.

665
00:45:48,406 --> 00:45:52,186
It's transmitted by eating
part of the brain tissue.

666
00:45:52,186 --> 00:46:00,016
And that's also true in human beings because
the way, you know -- When you go to New Guinea,

667
00:46:00,556 --> 00:46:05,116
where historically there was a large
episode of this kind of disorder is

668
00:46:05,156 --> 00:46:11,646
because when the people would fight
each other in New Guinea, the tribes,

669
00:46:11,646 --> 00:46:14,946
then the winning tribe would
eat the brains of their --

670
00:46:14,946 --> 00:46:19,516
of the person they had beaten in the battle.

671
00:46:19,726 --> 00:46:25,666
And if they were now infected with this
prion, they would then get the same disease.

672
00:46:25,666 --> 00:46:31,216
OK? So we know if you eat the nervous
tissue, then that could be an issue.

673
00:46:31,726 --> 00:46:36,906
Most likely, people hypothesize that
mad cow disease in Britain started

674
00:46:36,906 --> 00:46:44,606
when they changed the way the meat
waste products were distributed.

675
00:46:44,866 --> 00:46:51,066
Namely, what the people did is you would collect
meat products and that could be from cows,

676
00:46:51,066 --> 00:46:57,006
from sheep, from all others, you know, and then
you would process this to make a meat powder

677
00:46:57,006 --> 00:47:01,756
which you would then feed to the cows to quickly
have them gain weight and produce more milk.

678
00:47:01,756 --> 00:47:06,196
OK? So now basically you are
giving the cows who are --

679
00:47:06,196 --> 00:47:14,106
whose GI tract has really evolved to eat
grass very low quality, you could say food,

680
00:47:14,456 --> 00:47:19,356
low caloric food, you now
feed it a carnivore diet.

681
00:47:19,356 --> 00:47:24,776
And most likely in that process, when you now
fed them these waste products all ground up

682
00:47:24,776 --> 00:47:31,076
and processed, they contained the prions from
the sheep which in sheep is called scrapy.

683
00:47:31,076 --> 00:47:33,556
And then that let it be expressed in cows.

684
00:47:33,556 --> 00:47:37,646
And then when these cows were slaughtered
again, you would then take their waste products

685
00:47:37,646 --> 00:47:40,696
as fish holders and you would
again feed it to other cows.

686
00:47:41,476 --> 00:47:45,206
And so that's most likely
how mad cow disease started.

687
00:47:45,206 --> 00:47:48,206
And the quickest way this was
stopped by not doing that anymore.

688
00:47:49,246 --> 00:47:53,666
But it's, you know -- I'm not saying
that eating meat would be harmful,

689
00:47:53,866 --> 00:48:00,076
but possibly if you never were exposed to it
then your GI tract may not be able to cope

690
00:48:00,076 --> 00:48:04,266
with the scrapy or with the prion or
other things that may be occurring.

691
00:48:04,926 --> 00:48:08,766
So that's when you step outside of it
and then let me do a different one.

692
00:48:09,696 --> 00:48:12,976
This is a very interesting one about rats.

693
00:48:12,976 --> 00:48:21,336
It's an old study by Campbell and Campbell
or it's really by Wells even older in 1976.

694
00:48:21,336 --> 00:48:25,286
You take rats and you give
them a low doses aflatoxin,

695
00:48:25,286 --> 00:48:30,796
which is a very powerful carcinogenic
agent developing these tumors and cancer.

696
00:48:30,846 --> 00:48:34,796
In most people if a dosage high enough,
but you give them a very low dose.

697
00:48:34,796 --> 00:48:39,646
And what is interesting is you get
to normal rats, you get this low dose

698
00:48:40,086 --> 00:48:44,076
and then you haven't eaten normal rat show.

699
00:48:44,076 --> 00:48:47,436
And then cancer is expressed in all the animals.

700
00:48:49,286 --> 00:48:54,016
Now what you do is you change --
And you change the rat child of food

701
00:48:54,016 --> 00:48:57,136
because basically what is the rat food?

702
00:48:57,136 --> 00:49:01,296
It's a little rat pellets, but it
often has a lot of milk products in it,

703
00:49:01,296 --> 00:49:03,576
milk protein called casein in it.

704
00:49:03,636 --> 00:49:09,116
But I think from an evolutionary perspective,
rats never drank milk or milk products.

705
00:49:09,116 --> 00:49:11,316
I mean they eat everything, probably not milk.

706
00:49:11,506 --> 00:49:16,846
So their body probably did not die to process
this well then it's an allostatic load.

707
00:49:17,046 --> 00:49:23,586
What is so interesting is when you reduce the
consumption of -- in the foods to 5% of casein,

708
00:49:23,846 --> 00:49:28,126
then when you give them this
aflatoxin, it would induce cancer.

709
00:49:28,126 --> 00:49:29,656
The cancer does not occur.

710
00:49:29,826 --> 00:49:38,126
So, you can see as if the casein
increases or reduces the immune response

711
00:49:38,126 --> 00:49:41,266
or ability and allows the cancer to occur.

712
00:49:42,196 --> 00:49:49,216
Again, from my simplistic perspective is
that rats never ate milk or milk products.

713
00:49:49,216 --> 00:49:51,066
So this is a novelty.

714
00:49:51,066 --> 00:49:54,326
And then there's a long-term cost.

715
00:49:54,326 --> 00:49:57,566
There's some evidence in human
beings that eating lower animal --

716
00:49:57,726 --> 00:50:01,426
Lower levels of animal protein is
associated with lower cancer rates.

717
00:50:01,426 --> 00:50:04,976
So the more veggies and fruits you
eat, the probably better it is.

718
00:50:05,046 --> 00:50:11,106
It is not as clear because the Inuit
people in the Arctic eat mainly,

719
00:50:11,106 --> 00:50:17,296
historically ate mainly animal
products, lots of fats

720
00:50:17,296 --> 00:50:21,226
and blubber, and they did not develop cancer.

721
00:50:21,496 --> 00:50:23,886
So that it may not be as clear as it all looks.

722
00:50:25,666 --> 00:50:26,976
But, you know, living in harmony

723
00:50:26,976 --> 00:50:29,716
with your evolutionary past may
give hope for a number of disorders.

724
00:50:29,716 --> 00:50:32,026
I'm going to make a whole
long list for a moment.

725
00:50:32,026 --> 00:50:38,676
There's some suggestive evidence -- Some
suggestions that even epilepsy in children,

726
00:50:39,106 --> 00:50:45,136
and epilepsy is a complex disease, it's not
simple, but for some can be at least controlled

727
00:50:45,136 --> 00:50:47,056
by eating a total ketogenic diet.

728
00:50:47,056 --> 00:50:48,486
This is very hard to do.

729
00:50:48,486 --> 00:50:52,536
And just eating -- And for them, if
you put them on a ketogenic diet,

730
00:50:52,906 --> 00:50:57,386
then if they just eat one cupcake which would
then be refined flour would trigger seizures.

731
00:50:57,386 --> 00:51:01,966
There are many other factors, but this is at
least one the person could have control over.

732
00:51:02,116 --> 00:51:05,706
Two, I already alluded to the cancer
as giving a low dose about autotoxin.

733
00:51:05,706 --> 00:51:11,786
But this may also suggest that
possibly what the foods were now eating,

734
00:51:12,226 --> 00:51:16,516
some of them are so strange and not
part of our evolutionary background

735
00:51:16,666 --> 00:51:19,846
that it may do something
for us in a similar way.

736
00:51:19,846 --> 00:51:21,536
We just don't know.

737
00:51:21,536 --> 00:51:27,876
And then there's a case of, again, which you
all watch by multiple sclerosis by Terry Wahl,

738
00:51:27,876 --> 00:51:28,996
who had severe multiple sclerosis.

739
00:51:28,996 --> 00:51:34,926
She adopts a hunting and gathering diet
and then thereby reverses her MS totally.

740
00:51:34,976 --> 00:51:38,046
You know, there are case examples,
but I think they give hints.

741
00:51:38,046 --> 00:51:40,866
And then we need to think of foods.

742
00:51:40,866 --> 00:51:44,226
I mean, we, you know -- When you look at
your tissue, look at your hand for a moment,

743
00:51:44,916 --> 00:51:48,386
look at -- Remember every cell in your body,

744
00:51:48,886 --> 00:51:54,926
everything your whole body is built,
created from the foods we ate.

745
00:51:54,926 --> 00:51:58,766
If you eat, you know -- Think
of building a house.

746
00:51:58,796 --> 00:52:04,146
If you have very good materials and you have a
very good plan then the house were very strong.

747
00:52:04,266 --> 00:52:06,956
The plan could be your genetics
and the epigenetics.

748
00:52:07,856 --> 00:52:14,346
But even with a very good plan,
if you have poor materials,

749
00:52:14,576 --> 00:52:19,716
the house or the building you're making will not
be as good and would be in danger of collapse.

750
00:52:19,716 --> 00:52:21,716
And think of it this way.

751
00:52:21,716 --> 00:52:26,096
And now much of our foods we're eating and
partly because of the green revolution,

752
00:52:26,096 --> 00:52:31,246
which has been great, that allows all
of us to have enough plenty of foods.

753
00:52:31,246 --> 00:52:33,166
So there is always a balance.

754
00:52:33,376 --> 00:52:40,076
But our monoculture and our processed foods
may eliminate many important micronutrients.

755
00:52:41,356 --> 00:52:42,996
You know, we're not aware of what we need.

756
00:52:43,776 --> 00:52:48,416
Two, our pesticides and herbicides --
I'm just thinking of Monsanta's Roundup,

757
00:52:48,416 --> 00:52:54,726
we'll do this later when we talk about food, are
carcinogenic and immune suppressant, you know.

758
00:52:54,896 --> 00:53:00,656
And then there's lots of evidence that
we -- That our -- The foods we eat may --

759
00:53:01,216 --> 00:53:05,736
Or the lack of foods we eat may be
a cause of a number of illnesses.

760
00:53:05,816 --> 00:53:08,946
Just think of going back
during the ages of, you know --

761
00:53:08,946 --> 00:53:19,126
just think back of the age of sailing
where sailors got scurvy, you know.

762
00:53:19,246 --> 00:53:20,716
But why did they get scurvy?

763
00:53:20,896 --> 00:53:25,086
Scurvy? Because the foods they
were eating was even pickled.

764
00:53:25,356 --> 00:53:29,006
They were not getting enough
vitamin C so they lost their teeth.

765
00:53:29,006 --> 00:53:32,666
There's massive death rate
of sailors due to scurvy.

766
00:53:32,666 --> 00:53:38,176
It was until the observation was made
that when they ate limes, citrus fruit,

767
00:53:38,176 --> 00:53:42,746
which contained vitamin C, there are many foods
that have more vitamin C that once they start

768
00:53:42,746 --> 00:53:45,846
to eat those, then they could
solve that disease.

769
00:53:45,846 --> 00:53:53,476
And then in the late 19th century, you know,
with the advent of the result of colonization

770
00:53:53,476 --> 00:54:01,246
in the -- in much of the world and the
idea that brown rice was sort of, well,

771
00:54:01,246 --> 00:54:04,636
that's for common people
that white rice was best.

772
00:54:04,886 --> 00:54:11,536
But the trouble was by eating white rice
you get rid of the vitamin B1, thiamine.

773
00:54:11,536 --> 00:54:15,936
And that led then to a very serious
neurological disease very, very.

774
00:54:15,936 --> 00:54:20,276
You know, it was because we
started not eat the whole foods.

775
00:54:20,276 --> 00:54:22,536
There's so many of these we can't think of it.

776
00:54:22,536 --> 00:54:25,986
OK? Let me do another one
here about spina bifida.

777
00:54:25,986 --> 00:54:32,316
Spina bifida, you know, is really that the spine
does not close of the little -- of the fetus.

778
00:54:32,806 --> 00:54:36,736
However, it can totally be almost
avoided, at least decreased

779
00:54:36,876 --> 00:54:40,686
if the food contains enough folic acid.

780
00:54:40,686 --> 00:54:42,616
But what do you get folic acid by?

781
00:54:42,616 --> 00:54:48,286
By eating spinach, asparagus, turnips,
greens, legumes, many of these and organ meats

782
00:54:48,286 --> 00:54:50,976
such as liver and kidney all contain folate.

783
00:54:51,256 --> 00:54:52,296
You don't need to take a pill.

784
00:54:53,186 --> 00:54:54,526
You need the right foods.

785
00:54:54,526 --> 00:54:59,006
So when I see these, that we need to
add these substances to the foods,

786
00:54:59,006 --> 00:55:01,756
it's really telling me we're
eating the wrong foods.

787
00:55:04,046 --> 00:55:07,546
OK? And I already talked
about the vitamin C or think

788
00:55:07,546 --> 00:55:12,586
of Omega 3 or fatty, you know -- fish oils.

789
00:55:13,406 --> 00:55:19,016
You know, this then -- The data looks very
good that mothers who are at high risk,

790
00:55:19,166 --> 00:55:21,506
that's genetic for allergic disease.

791
00:55:21,506 --> 00:55:26,336
When they got Omega 3s from 21
weeks of gestation to birth,

792
00:55:27,436 --> 00:55:32,596
that there was a significant decrease
in eczema, egg allergies and others.

793
00:55:32,596 --> 00:55:39,026
Notice almost it went from 12% for the
controls who didn't get it to 7%, 15 to 9.

794
00:55:39,366 --> 00:55:45,156
Most likely if the mothers had it from
the at the beginning of pregnancy,

795
00:55:45,406 --> 00:55:48,176
maybe these numbers would even be much better.

796
00:55:48,176 --> 00:55:49,966
And this is the result at age one.

797
00:55:50,276 --> 00:55:56,916
So notice the long lasting cost by having
a diet that's low in Omega 3 at least.

798
00:55:56,916 --> 00:56:03,076
And our diet right now is massively weighted
to Omega 6s, which is highly inflammatory

799
00:56:03,076 --> 00:56:07,356
because so much of the foods we
eat are it include corn, oils,

800
00:56:07,356 --> 00:56:09,356
et cetera, which are all omega 6s.

801
00:56:10,386 --> 00:56:15,796
OK? It even changes behavior if you
give Omega 3 supplements for six months.

802
00:56:16,106 --> 00:56:19,976
And that's a double-blind
study for 8- to 16-year-olds.

803
00:56:20,836 --> 00:56:28,556
You know, overall, what you see is that it's a
reduction in significantly in behavior problems.

804
00:56:28,556 --> 00:56:29,766
It's just really remarkable.

805
00:56:30,286 --> 00:56:36,956
OK? And now I'm going to shift again to diet one
more time, going back to the exposure of getting

806
00:56:37,096 --> 00:56:43,646
to food poisoning which so often occurs in our
modern diet, whether all of a sudden thousands

807
00:56:43,926 --> 00:56:47,946
of people die or hundreds of people
die and some or get sick and a few die

808
00:56:47,946 --> 00:56:51,336
because they ate hamburgers
or even the romaine lettuce.

809
00:56:51,336 --> 00:56:52,886
Here's one of romaine lettuce.

810
00:56:52,966 --> 00:56:56,376
But the question really is what caused it?

811
00:56:56,376 --> 00:57:02,466
And in most cases, we would see as
caused basically, you know, by e. coli.

812
00:57:02,466 --> 00:57:07,126
Right? But look at -- But I would want to
argue that it's really what we have done

813
00:57:07,126 --> 00:57:09,476
with the -- with our cows and our animals.

814
00:57:09,476 --> 00:57:16,846
So let me take you through a little story why we
get possibly one pathway, we get food poisoning

815
00:57:16,846 --> 00:57:18,706
in one case and not in the other.

816
00:57:20,046 --> 00:57:25,096
OK. The normal diet of a cow is
basically somehow grass us is on the left,

817
00:57:25,126 --> 00:57:28,456
but now we bring them to a feedlot
where they're getting a lot of grains.

818
00:57:28,456 --> 00:57:31,196
The reason you do this, because
they'll bulk up very quickly.

819
00:57:31,196 --> 00:57:37,846
However, the gastrointestinal tract of a
cow is not really -- It did, you know --

820
00:57:37,846 --> 00:57:41,036
From an evolutionary perspective
did not have to process it.

821
00:57:41,036 --> 00:57:46,036
And it changes the pH in
the cow in the fecal mass.

822
00:57:46,676 --> 00:57:49,946
OK? And so, if you look at that
-- If you look at the manure

823
00:57:49,946 --> 00:57:52,906
of cattle eating grass, it's about 7.7.3.

824
00:57:52,906 --> 00:58:01,006
While the manure of cattle at feedlots wheat
grain, which is very high caloric value is 5.3.

825
00:58:01,006 --> 00:58:04,606
Now why is this important?

826
00:58:04,606 --> 00:58:10,316
OK, all the manure in cows contain e. coli, but
there are many different versions of e. coli.

827
00:58:10,446 --> 00:58:17,246
And the one that lets us get sick,
really get sick is the e. coli 0157.

828
00:58:17,426 --> 00:58:22,616
That is the e. coli that survives at a
very low pH and much more acidic condition.

829
00:58:22,616 --> 00:58:28,996
And notice that if the manure of
the cow is that eats grass is 7.3,

830
00:58:28,996 --> 00:58:33,136
there will be a very low number of this e.
coli because they wouldn't really survive well

831
00:58:33,136 --> 00:58:39,186
at this higher pH. And then when that cow gets
slaughtered, keep that in mind, then probably --

832
00:58:39,186 --> 00:58:42,286
Sometimes the intestinal
content contaminates the meat.

833
00:58:44,246 --> 00:58:48,526
Now you eat your hamburger
with the contamination in it.

834
00:58:48,576 --> 00:58:52,286
But since it is the e. coli
that survives at 7.3 when it --

835
00:58:52,286 --> 00:58:58,626
but you now eat it goes into your
stomach, but the stomach is a ph of 2

836
00:58:58,626 --> 00:59:04,446
and all those e. coli essentially all
get killed and so you don't get sick.

837
00:59:04,446 --> 00:59:10,096
Now on the other hand, if you're eating
meat from the cattle from a feedlot

838
00:59:10,096 --> 00:59:16,826
that has been eating the mainly grain,
its manure is 5.3 and then it's in --

839
00:59:16,826 --> 00:59:23,356
And you see a thousand times more e.
coli, you know, 0157 which is the one

840
00:59:23,356 --> 00:59:27,426
that is really makes us very
sick as I point out.

841
00:59:27,426 --> 00:59:31,126
And when you now -- And they
now multiply in the meter or so

842
00:59:31,586 --> 00:59:34,676
and now when you eat them
they go through your stomach.

843
00:59:34,676 --> 00:59:41,216
But now, they can survive this
pH's acid of and 10% survive that

844
00:59:41,216 --> 00:59:44,726
and then they start multiplying this
lethal infection in your intestines.

845
00:59:45,806 --> 00:59:48,036
So that is really the big difference.

846
00:59:49,016 --> 00:59:55,146
So the cure is probably not to try
to give antibiotics or anything else.

847
00:59:55,146 --> 00:59:58,366
It would say maybe we should
think of the evolutionary backup.

848
00:59:58,366 --> 01:00:02,956
What should cattle be eating
to reduce their health?

849
01:00:03,046 --> 01:00:11,756
So we fed the cows hay or grass then the pH
would stay up to 7.3 and would reduce the odds

850
01:00:11,756 --> 01:00:16,306
of having this e. coli 0157
be present in the foods.

851
01:00:16,306 --> 01:00:20,816
Because now if the cattle that has the
-- is from the feedlot is slaughtered

852
01:00:20,966 --> 01:00:24,786
and the meat is contaminated, now when
you eat it, you potentially get sick.

853
01:00:24,856 --> 01:00:32,606
But moreover, the manure of this
cattle at 5.3 drifts over fields

854
01:00:32,606 --> 01:00:38,256
where there may be spinach is grown or other
foods are grown or a worker carries this

855
01:00:38,256 --> 01:00:41,506
on their boots and goes to those
fields or goes for the water.

856
01:00:41,506 --> 01:00:47,936
Then all of a sudden, you're spraying some
fields of vegetables with this e. coli 0157

857
01:00:48,376 --> 01:00:51,896
and then you can get sick by
eating even the vegetables.

858
01:00:52,026 --> 01:00:53,706
OK, I think that's enough.

859
01:00:54,756 --> 01:00:57,466
OK? And then there's so many other factors,

860
01:00:57,466 --> 01:01:03,166
I can keep going that the foods
we eat also change our bacteria.

861
01:01:03,166 --> 01:01:09,936
Remember, the foods we eat affect which
colonies of bacteria increase or decrease.

862
01:01:09,966 --> 01:01:14,636
But most of the foods we now eat look
the same and are totally different.

863
01:01:14,636 --> 01:01:19,746
Almost all the grain, corn, soy,
processed foods and meats contain low level

864
01:01:19,746 --> 01:01:24,816
of Monsanta's produced herbicides, Roundup
and other herbicides and pesticides.

865
01:01:25,926 --> 01:01:33,336
And those -- And they in fact suppress
some of the healthy human biome bacteria

866
01:01:33,576 --> 01:01:40,176
and allow the more pathological ones to
continue possibly as this we may have messed up.

867
01:01:40,176 --> 01:01:42,916
We need to go back and think how
we're living in the first place.

868
01:01:43,326 --> 01:01:46,236
And remember, we are an ecological system.

869
01:01:46,806 --> 01:01:48,216
I want to underline this.

870
01:01:48,426 --> 01:01:52,856
We -- And now I move even more to a
slight different perspective on this,

871
01:01:52,856 --> 01:01:58,656
to some illnesses that they evolved with
parasites, bacteria, and viruses, you know.

872
01:01:58,656 --> 01:02:04,736
And when we eliminate some of those bacteria
or parasites, the balance is disrupted.

873
01:02:04,736 --> 01:02:06,026
The pathology can occur.

874
01:02:06,026 --> 01:02:10,406
Some of you have experienced that
already when you have taken antibiotics.

875
01:02:10,406 --> 01:02:15,206
Often more women may have experienced that
more when they had no problems at all,

876
01:02:15,206 --> 01:02:18,506
then they took antibiotics even maybe for acne.

877
01:02:18,506 --> 01:02:22,816
And then the antibiotic not only
killed a whole class of bacteria

878
01:02:22,816 --> 01:02:25,516
in their GI tract but also
in the vaginal barrel.

879
01:02:25,916 --> 01:02:28,076
And then they've developed a yeast infection.

880
01:02:29,026 --> 01:02:34,206
Because when you remove certain groups
of bacteria, others will take over.

881
01:02:34,726 --> 01:02:37,116
So what is critical is the balance.

882
01:02:37,116 --> 01:02:38,106
And I want to talk about.

883
01:02:38,106 --> 01:02:41,156
And that's all what you'll be
reading in the book by Blazer,

884
01:02:41,446 --> 01:02:42,766
which really looks at the human biome.

885
01:02:42,766 --> 01:02:47,626
But I want to go back now for a moment
about our parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

886
01:02:47,626 --> 01:02:49,296
We've lift those forever.

887
01:02:49,766 --> 01:02:51,176
We live in symbiosis.

888
01:02:51,176 --> 01:02:53,966
That is really where the bacteria are mutual.

889
01:02:54,536 --> 01:02:57,406
You know, we live together and
they're in different categories.

890
01:02:57,616 --> 01:02:59,476
In mutualism, they both benefit.

891
01:02:59,476 --> 01:03:04,226
And many bacteria benefit by living
with us, and we benefit from them.

892
01:03:04,226 --> 01:03:08,896
Then there's commensal, which is where one
benefits but not the other one doesn't.

893
01:03:08,896 --> 01:03:10,306
There's no harm, you know.

894
01:03:10,306 --> 01:03:15,326
And the final one is basically a parasite
where one benefits and the other one is harmed.

895
01:03:15,446 --> 01:03:17,176
And the harm can be very minimally.

896
01:03:17,176 --> 01:03:23,186
If you're intrigued in parasites specifically,
a great older book which I really like,

897
01:03:23,186 --> 01:03:26,676
is by Rob Dunn, the Wildlife of Our Bodies.

898
01:03:26,676 --> 01:03:28,976
It's really the epidemic of absence.

899
01:03:28,976 --> 01:03:32,966
It's a way of understanding
autoimmune illnesses, you know.

900
01:03:33,036 --> 01:03:34,786
But let me give this as an example.

901
01:03:35,266 --> 01:03:40,146
In the 1930s and '40s, nearly
half American children had worms.

902
01:03:40,146 --> 01:03:47,936
And if you go all around the world in third
world countries, except in our weird world,

903
01:03:47,936 --> 01:03:52,466
that's Western, educated,
industrialized, rich, democratic countries,

904
01:03:54,076 --> 01:03:59,436
many people had little worms, you know,
sometimes like whip worms and others.

905
01:03:59,606 --> 01:04:03,286
In most cases, they were very benign
unless you had too many of them.

906
01:04:03,286 --> 01:04:06,376
There are some bits you never want to get.

907
01:04:06,866 --> 01:04:10,456
OK? And one way that -- In the
1930s, most of people had it just

908
01:04:10,456 --> 01:04:13,486
like your dog has worms at times.

909
01:04:13,486 --> 01:04:17,396
OK? But usually, the way you
would avoid getting worms is

910
01:04:17,396 --> 01:04:19,696
that you would not have to
walk on human fecal mass.

911
01:04:19,696 --> 01:04:22,366
So what you then did is but
you -- If you wore shoes

912
01:04:22,366 --> 01:04:26,146
and used an indoor toilet,
you're less likely to get it.

913
01:04:26,466 --> 01:04:32,546
But what is so interesting is that a disease
called Crohn's disease did not exist in places

914
01:04:32,546 --> 01:04:36,186
where people generally didn't
have people at intestinal worms.

915
01:04:36,186 --> 01:04:41,186
But as the intestinal worms have become
very rare, which we have done in the US

916
01:04:41,186 --> 01:04:45,826
and many other places, all of a
sudden, we get this -- The much more --

917
01:04:45,826 --> 01:04:48,946
And whole serious illness
called Crohn's disease.

918
01:04:49,046 --> 01:04:50,806
Now, worms is always relevant.

919
01:04:50,806 --> 01:04:55,046
Having a few worms in you,
many of them that you would --

920
01:04:55,226 --> 01:04:59,286
You intake them, they would multiply
in you, you would excrete the eggs

921
01:04:59,286 --> 01:05:01,666
and it would be one cycle
till you get reinfected.

922
01:05:01,666 --> 01:05:02,976
Others could be very harmful.

923
01:05:03,066 --> 01:05:08,946
But in many cases of -- They could be more,
you know -- They would just do a tiniest harm.

924
01:05:08,946 --> 01:05:11,076
It's only if you're a highly malnutrition

925
01:05:11,076 --> 01:05:14,026
that other issues were going
on that it was very harmful.

926
01:05:14,026 --> 01:05:19,376
And remember, I want to underline again,
most people had experience of worms

927
01:05:19,376 --> 01:05:23,906
until the 20th century, but by
having better hygiene, wearing shoes,

928
01:05:24,076 --> 01:05:27,676
and children are now growing up
without ever having had worms.

929
01:05:28,706 --> 01:05:32,636
And the worms can live in our,
you know, GI tract or bloodstream.

930
01:05:32,636 --> 01:05:34,216
I'm not recommending it in a bloodstream.

931
01:05:34,216 --> 01:05:40,896
And to survive -- However, to survive
within the host, worms must interact with

932
01:05:40,896 --> 01:05:43,326
and change the host immune system.

933
01:05:43,326 --> 01:05:47,546
You see. And some worms can cause disease,
but many are not, possibly even harmful

934
01:05:47,546 --> 01:05:50,576
and may even beneficial for our immune system.

935
01:05:50,576 --> 01:05:52,416
That's hard to believe, I know conceptually.

936
01:05:53,566 --> 01:06:01,836
But you could argue if we live for as
long as we know with some parasites,

937
01:06:02,156 --> 01:06:05,436
our immune system would then
be in a kind of balance

938
01:06:05,436 --> 01:06:09,306
with these parasites or this
-- with these worms.

939
01:06:09,656 --> 01:06:12,906
And all of a sudden, if you
take these worms away,

940
01:06:13,416 --> 01:06:15,326
then our immune system may not know how to cope.

941
01:06:15,326 --> 01:06:20,076
So it is now believed that the
inflammatory bowel diseases,

942
01:06:20,076 --> 01:06:24,466
such as Crohn's disease is really partial --

943
01:06:24,466 --> 01:06:30,156
is partially caused by dysregulation
of mucosal immune system, you know.

944
01:06:30,156 --> 01:06:34,186
So, we see this massive increase
in Crohn's disease.

945
01:06:34,816 --> 01:06:40,856
If, on the other hand, if during childhood
you get exposures to Helmuth, that's worms,

946
01:06:40,976 --> 01:06:44,496
they somehow talk to your immune
system or they produce something

947
01:06:44,496 --> 01:06:47,046
which tells the immune system, hey, slow down.

948
01:06:47,246 --> 01:06:48,826
I'm just here as a passenger.

949
01:06:48,826 --> 01:06:49,746
I won't do too much.

950
01:06:49,746 --> 01:06:51,406
Just keep it cool.

951
01:06:51,406 --> 01:06:52,476
I'm making this up.

952
01:06:52,476 --> 01:06:58,696
And then as if -- It stamps
down the inflammation.

953
01:06:59,416 --> 01:07:04,756
But without that experience, the
immune system has no way to change.

954
01:07:04,786 --> 01:07:07,886
And this is one of the hypotheses
by Joel Weinstock

955
01:07:07,886 --> 01:07:10,106
and he has done some very interesting studies

956
01:07:10,106 --> 01:07:13,606
on using Helmuth parasitic
worms to help the immune system.

957
01:07:14,036 --> 01:07:16,976
As I pointed out earlier, the disease,

958
01:07:16,976 --> 01:07:22,296
Crohn's disease is a very
difficult illness on our GI tract.

959
01:07:22,296 --> 01:07:26,986
It's where our immune system is attacking and
causes horrible abdominal pain, skin rash.

960
01:07:26,986 --> 01:07:28,946
It's just truly difficult.

961
01:07:30,066 --> 01:07:32,726
OK? It's just a disaster.

962
01:07:32,726 --> 01:07:39,156
And now estimates 1/3 million people
have this, at least in the United States.

963
01:07:39,156 --> 01:07:44,286
And one of the ways -- If you think about
it, how come Crohn's disease does not exist

964
01:07:44,286 --> 01:07:46,456
in third world countries
because people have worms.

965
01:07:46,456 --> 01:07:48,456
That's a hypothesis, by the way.

966
01:07:48,456 --> 01:07:52,936
But people have been doing
episodic experiments on this.

967
01:07:53,366 --> 01:07:56,436
And now in a more systematic
study by Joel Weinstock,

968
01:07:56,436 --> 01:07:59,376
he took chronic people with
chronic Crohn's disease.

969
01:07:59,826 --> 01:08:01,816
They now gave them worms.

970
01:08:01,816 --> 01:08:04,176
Now, you know, with worm, it's just benign.

971
01:08:04,176 --> 01:08:05,636
It doesn't do any harm.

972
01:08:05,886 --> 01:08:07,056
You know, you put little eggs in it.

973
01:08:07,056 --> 01:08:08,326
You don't even know you're swallowing in.

974
01:08:08,806 --> 01:08:11,326
And what happened in this
study of these 29 patients?

975
01:08:11,326 --> 01:08:13,426
Four patients, yuck, worms.

976
01:08:13,426 --> 01:08:14,336
I don't want to do this.

977
01:08:14,336 --> 01:08:16,806
So they got a medication
to get rid of the worms.

978
01:08:17,246 --> 01:08:22,486
But in 24 weeks, all but one patient was
doing, 21 patients were in remission.

979
01:08:23,906 --> 01:08:25,886
Now that is remarkable.

980
01:08:26,746 --> 01:08:31,356
Their bodies were much healthier than
when they had -- now they had parasites.

981
01:08:31,356 --> 01:08:34,246
And so, you know, this is very suggestive.

982
01:08:34,246 --> 01:08:38,026
And it's a similar model you see later, as
you'll be reading in the book by Blaser,

983
01:08:38,026 --> 01:08:43,906
about the whole part of our human biome that
when they're empty -- when there's absence.

984
01:08:43,906 --> 01:08:50,786
And remember to underline, going back
again to the inflammatory GI disorders,

985
01:08:50,786 --> 01:08:55,496
one of the promising remedial acts
against irritable bowel disease

986
01:08:55,496 --> 01:08:58,796
and other allergic autoimmune
illnesses is helminth therapy.

987
01:08:58,796 --> 01:09:04,516
It can also be probably bacterial
therapy or human biome therapy.

988
01:09:04,516 --> 01:09:07,836
Cure of helminth therapy seems
to be the most effective therapy

989
01:09:07,836 --> 01:09:10,816
in the irritable bowel disease
currently proposed.

990
01:09:11,476 --> 01:09:17,176
OK? And now I'll jump even more
that the human biome is active

991
01:09:17,176 --> 01:09:18,766
and a vital participant in our lives.

992
01:09:18,766 --> 01:09:25,216
Remember, more than half of your -- of the DNA
in your body are bacteria, are human biome.

993
01:09:25,746 --> 01:09:26,516
And that's critical.

994
01:09:26,516 --> 01:09:28,246
So do look at the book by Blaser.

995
01:09:28,816 --> 01:09:33,016
And we get these exposures to these
different -- once in many different ways.

996
01:09:33,016 --> 01:09:34,466
You know, kids play in the dirt.

997
01:09:34,466 --> 01:09:39,286
Eating dirt is very helpful, you know?

998
01:09:39,286 --> 01:09:44,606
You know, our GI tract, these bacteria produce
serotonin and many, in fact, interestingly,

999
01:09:44,606 --> 01:09:51,346
many of our antibiotics are derived
from material, you know, grown in dirt.

1000
01:09:51,826 --> 01:09:52,686
So, play the dirt.

1001
01:09:52,686 --> 01:09:53,446
It's much better.

1002
01:09:53,446 --> 01:09:59,146
OK? And maybe we shouldn't be using
so many antimicrobial soaps, you know?

1003
01:09:59,146 --> 01:10:00,386
Possibly, yes.

1004
01:10:01,136 --> 01:10:06,796
If you know someone is infectious do wash your
hands and after bathroom use wash your hands

1005
01:10:07,026 --> 01:10:12,836
but most likely don't use antimicrobial
soaps because basically you are developing --

1006
01:10:12,836 --> 01:10:17,746
You get rid of the healthy bacteria and
maybe leave a place for unhealthy bacteria.

1007
01:10:18,186 --> 01:10:25,016
And as I said earlier our human body is made of
many cells at least half of those in our bodies

1008
01:10:25,016 --> 01:10:27,986
or more our bacterial nonhuman cells.

1009
01:10:28,276 --> 01:10:29,576
It's most interesting.

1010
01:10:29,576 --> 01:10:36,336
And there's so many factors that affect the gut
bacteria which includes the birthing process,

1011
01:10:36,336 --> 01:10:42,066
the breastfeeding, exposure dirt, antibiotic
exposures, diet and they all are interactive.

1012
01:10:42,546 --> 01:10:47,456
And I think on that note I
will stop but keep thinking

1013
01:10:47,456 --> 01:10:52,896
of the evolutionary background what are
you doing now that your great, great,

1014
01:10:52,896 --> 01:10:57,036
great grandparents would have no idea about?

1015
01:10:57,566 --> 01:11:05,956
And it's likely that those novelties could
be harmful or increase an allostatic load

1016
01:11:05,956 --> 01:11:10,976
and could be a co-contributor to many of
these inflammatory diseases we now have.

1017
00:00:03,046 --> 00:00:07,316
>> Living in harmony with our
evolutionary past, Part 1.

1018
00:00:07,316 --> 00:00:09,256
This is an asynchronous presentation.

1019
00:00:09,256 --> 00:00:15,326
As we all know, we are part of parcel
of nature, and it always reminds me,

1020
00:00:15,326 --> 00:00:17,206
when we look at our genetics and DNA.

1021
00:00:17,206 --> 00:00:23,386
Remember, genetically we're, even to
bananas, we are 60% genetically similar.

1022
00:00:23,386 --> 00:00:26,426
To a cow, about 80%.

1023
00:00:26,516 --> 00:00:28,426
To a mouse, 85.

1024
00:00:28,856 --> 00:00:30,116
To a cat, 90.

1025
00:00:30,116 --> 00:00:34,746
To a chimpanzee, 96% genetically similar.

1026
00:00:34,746 --> 00:00:39,586
And all modern humans are
99.9% genetically similar.

1027
00:00:39,586 --> 00:00:49,276
So in a way, we are almost controlled, in a
way, or modulated by our evolutionary past.

1028
00:00:49,276 --> 00:00:53,726
And know any variation of that
may make life more challenging.

1029
00:00:53,726 --> 00:01:00,456
But anyway, it sometimes then helps to ask the
question on a reflection: how did we evolve,

1030
00:01:00,656 --> 00:01:04,336
and how did they live for
those thousands of generations?

1031
00:01:04,396 --> 00:01:06,876
Go back 50,000 years ago.

1032
00:01:06,976 --> 00:01:07,996
How did they live?

1033
00:01:08,486 --> 00:01:10,486
We were hunters and gatherers.

1034
00:01:10,586 --> 00:01:12,326
We ate all variety of food.

1035
00:01:12,326 --> 00:01:14,946
We lived in small clans.

1036
00:01:14,946 --> 00:01:19,136
Yes, people died in childbirth,
people died in accidents,

1037
00:01:19,136 --> 00:01:22,446
but some lived until the age 90, just as much.

1038
00:01:22,496 --> 00:01:27,786
There may have been a deduction in some
of the illnesses, we now so commonly have,

1039
00:01:27,786 --> 00:01:31,136
such as our inflammatory illnesses.

1040
00:01:31,316 --> 00:01:35,426
You know, and what kind of foods people
eat, by which they are allowed themselves

1041
00:01:35,426 --> 00:01:37,176
to survive, by which we survived?

1042
00:01:37,176 --> 00:01:38,836
How did we move?

1043
00:01:38,836 --> 00:01:40,376
How did we take rest?

1044
00:01:40,376 --> 00:01:43,726
What constitute our social systems,
which is probably a small thing.

1045
00:01:44,096 --> 00:01:49,726
All those factors still are
seen in our behavior today.

1046
00:01:49,726 --> 00:01:51,376
We still react.

1047
00:01:51,376 --> 00:01:59,136
We still live, and optimally, when we accept any
and live in harmony with our evolutionary past.

1048
00:01:59,136 --> 00:02:02,236
So this presentation will focus more on this.

1049
00:02:02,236 --> 00:02:07,186
And part of it is that I look around, and
I'm also shocked of how many young children

1050
00:02:07,186 --> 00:02:15,236
and adults have now autoimmune illnesses, have
cognitive disorders, such as ADHD, or you know,

1051
00:02:16,756 --> 00:02:20,006
you know, or how many other
illnesses is listed here?

1052
00:02:20,006 --> 00:02:26,286
And how come many of this those diseases
are mainly absent in rural Africa,

1053
00:02:26,286 --> 00:02:29,536
and much more common in the
industrialized first world.

1054
00:02:29,536 --> 00:02:36,106
And we see this kind of epidemic of
autoimmune illnesses, of allergies increasing

1055
00:02:36,106 --> 00:02:38,056
and increasing all around the world.

1056
00:02:38,056 --> 00:02:42,726
And then, how come 1/3rd of American
children are now pre-diabetic,

1057
00:02:42,726 --> 00:02:45,626
which is really a horrible
prediction for the future.

1058
00:02:45,626 --> 00:02:49,496
How come there's such an
increase in nearsightedness?

1059
00:02:49,636 --> 00:02:56,086
How come cancer, Alzheimer's disease, appears
to be occurring earlier than ever before?

1060
00:02:56,316 --> 00:03:01,416
And how come these diseases are occurring
more frequently, and were almost absent

1061
00:03:01,416 --> 00:03:05,416
in your grandparents generation or
in our non-industrialized people.

1062
00:03:05,416 --> 00:03:09,456
These are the interesting questions
to me, because they ask not just,

1063
00:03:09,456 --> 00:03:15,686
what can we do to treat these disorders,
what can we do to treat allergies?

1064
00:03:15,686 --> 00:03:19,106
And it's remarkable that we can do some of that.

1065
00:03:19,166 --> 00:03:22,986
But what is it that we need to do to things
to prevent it, and optimize our health.

1066
00:03:22,986 --> 00:03:26,046
So that is really the sense
of trying to understand living

1067
00:03:26,046 --> 00:03:28,226
in harmony of our evolutionary past.

1068
00:03:28,226 --> 00:03:32,926
And statistically, as you can see very well
on this slide, that many of the illnesses,

1069
00:03:32,926 --> 00:03:38,676
incidence of infectious diseases, either by
viruses or by bacteria, have now been reduced.

1070
00:03:38,676 --> 00:03:40,356
Look at hepatitis A going down.

1071
00:03:40,356 --> 00:03:41,756
TB has been going down.

1072
00:03:41,996 --> 00:03:43,186
Mumps and measles.

1073
00:03:43,186 --> 00:03:46,216
I know that looks like it's
only due to vaccinations,

1074
00:03:46,216 --> 00:03:50,416
but many of these were already going
down before vaccinations ever occur.

1075
00:03:50,416 --> 00:03:58,026
And look how we have this -- this epidemic, in
a way, of these more autoimmune like illnesses.

1076
00:03:58,376 --> 00:04:02,666
You know, whether it's Crohn's disease,
that's the gastrointestinal disorder,

1077
00:04:02,806 --> 00:04:06,606
or type one diabetes, asthma,
multiple sclerosis.

1078
00:04:07,116 --> 00:04:12,596
You know, it's really, it's shocking to me to
think of that, you know, of this radical change.

1079
00:04:12,596 --> 00:04:16,576
You can also see that it's so
interesting, it says, mainly those diseases,

1080
00:04:16,576 --> 00:04:20,446
those inflammatory diseases, are
those from the Western Hemisphere.

1081
00:04:20,446 --> 00:04:24,206
So you look at the graph of
[inaudible], look at Western Europe,

1082
00:04:24,206 --> 00:04:27,446
and Canada, and the United States.

1083
00:04:27,446 --> 00:04:31,956
And you see it's almost totally absent, or
much less in the other parts of the world.

1084
00:04:32,306 --> 00:04:35,466
You know, and you can even look at
a rate of their increase in autism,

1085
00:04:35,466 --> 00:04:37,356
you know, from very low to now very high.

1086
00:04:37,356 --> 00:04:43,466
It's true that some of this is more
powerful diagnostic ways of doing it.

1087
00:04:43,466 --> 00:04:48,456
We may recognize it when, in the past,
it was not recognized as a disorder,

1088
00:04:48,456 --> 00:04:50,776
but it also looks like a real phenomenon.

1089
00:04:51,726 --> 00:04:52,976
Okay?

1090
00:04:53,046 --> 00:04:56,226
And then you look at many
of the allergies we have.

1091
00:04:56,226 --> 00:05:00,026
You know, I just think, I keep thinking of
that, you know, I used to remember flying.

1092
00:05:00,026 --> 00:05:02,976
And when I flew, people would
be serving peanuts and nuts,

1093
00:05:02,976 --> 00:05:07,456
and the concept of having peanut allergy
just wasn't part of my awareness.

1094
00:05:07,456 --> 00:05:11,946
And if you ask your grandparents, when
they go back and think of their childhood,

1095
00:05:11,946 --> 00:05:15,866
and they were in school, how many of
them knew people who had allergies?

1096
00:05:15,966 --> 00:05:18,966
And many will say, maybe only one in 40.

1097
00:05:18,966 --> 00:05:24,256
Now our students, 1/3rd of us will say,
gosh, I have some reactivity emerge.

1098
00:05:24,256 --> 00:05:28,126
And it may be because we have
been changing our world so much.

1099
00:05:28,126 --> 00:05:33,366
We are now living away from
our evolutionary past.

1100
00:05:33,366 --> 00:05:35,896
You know, look at it, for
example, about hay fever.

1101
00:05:35,896 --> 00:05:42,196
Hay fever was first described in 1819, by John
Bostock, and, you know, and it occurred, really,

1102
00:05:42,196 --> 00:05:45,066
among people of higher class
and living in cities.

1103
00:05:45,126 --> 00:05:49,476
Part of it is that if you were a
farm child, or living in the farms,

1104
00:05:49,476 --> 00:05:55,006
you would be continually exposed to
these -- the materials from the hay,

1105
00:05:55,006 --> 00:05:58,706
and therefore you would not
develop this allergy.

1106
00:05:58,706 --> 00:06:03,336
And the similar phenomena seems to be it
has occurred for irritable bowel disease

1107
00:06:03,336 --> 00:06:10,726
and Crohn's disease, that was first
described in 1932 by Burrill Crohs, you know,

1108
00:06:10,726 --> 00:06:17,586
in which he described this necrotizing
inflammation, scarring of the intestines.

1109
00:06:17,736 --> 00:06:25,556
However, this disease clearly is associated
with social class, and wealth, and being more

1110
00:06:25,556 --> 00:06:28,916
and more removed from any part of nature.

1111
00:06:29,056 --> 00:06:32,066
It used to be one, literally, per 10,000.

1112
00:06:32,066 --> 00:06:34,056
Now it's even one per 200.

1113
00:06:34,056 --> 00:06:36,716
It's just shocking to think about it.

1114
00:06:36,716 --> 00:06:39,706
And then, why is it that
these have all increased?

1115
00:06:39,706 --> 00:06:44,586
I am not saying I know the answers at
all, but I'm looking at possible causes.

1116
00:06:44,586 --> 00:06:47,176
I don't think they can say it's genetics.

1117
00:06:47,596 --> 00:06:53,756
I think genetics, in many cases, we look at
that, and they can find a genetic, you know,

1118
00:06:53,756 --> 00:07:00,956
link that is clear, but in most cases, genetics,
you know, only provides the possibility,

1119
00:07:01,246 --> 00:07:06,336
you know, and it's the environment
that it pulls the trigger to expose it.

1120
00:07:06,336 --> 00:07:12,296
So you may have a genetic
predisposition to gain weight, and thereby,

1121
00:07:12,296 --> 00:07:15,026
potentially get more type two diabetes.

1122
00:07:15,026 --> 00:07:19,526
But if you don't eat the foods that
do this, you most likely won't get it.

1123
00:07:19,526 --> 00:07:24,606
Okay? So look at over the last 30 years,
we have now increased in allergies.

1124
00:07:24,606 --> 00:07:26,076
And how come all this may occur?

1125
00:07:26,076 --> 00:07:28,176
Well, there are many factors.

1126
00:07:28,176 --> 00:07:29,516
I'm only listing a few.

1127
00:07:29,516 --> 00:07:33,266
I'm sure many of you can add many more,
and they are all probably correct.

1128
00:07:33,266 --> 00:07:35,556
It is very difficult to identify that.

1129
00:07:35,556 --> 00:07:40,776
Because if you do animal studies, you know,
we're not totally, totally the same as animals.

1130
00:07:40,776 --> 00:07:44,886
We still getting the same foods,
and so it is not totally the same.

1131
00:07:45,126 --> 00:07:46,636
There are hints at least.

1132
00:07:46,636 --> 00:07:48,436
Well, let's just list a few.

1133
00:07:48,436 --> 00:07:54,046
One, it's during pregnancy, the fetus experience
either a kind of, I'll call malnutrition,

1134
00:07:54,046 --> 00:07:56,686
but it's [inaudible] malnutrition
in the Western world,

1135
00:07:56,686 --> 00:08:02,966
but it really means probably
inappropriate amount of essential nutrients,

1136
00:08:02,966 --> 00:08:06,096
or an exposure to endocrine
dysregulating chemicals.

1137
00:08:06,096 --> 00:08:11,196
These are all the plastics, the these
are all the pesticides, herbicides,

1138
00:08:11,196 --> 00:08:13,596
and the many things we ingest without knowing,

1139
00:08:13,816 --> 00:08:21,236
which in fact act as endocrine
in our system's dysregulation.

1140
00:08:21,846 --> 00:08:27,986
Then because of finance, in many cases,
socioeconomic inequality, during the first year

1141
00:08:27,986 --> 00:08:32,386
of life, we don't allow babies
to breastfeed and bond,

1142
00:08:32,576 --> 00:08:37,046
and possibly to concurrent
malnutrition by giving formula.

1143
00:08:37,046 --> 00:08:41,516
And by giving formula, you also
miss the transmission of immune --

1144
00:08:41,516 --> 00:08:45,596
appropriate immune cells, which you
have gotten from the breast milk.

1145
00:08:46,336 --> 00:08:52,076
And then during early childhood and life, we get
exposed to endocrine dysregulating substances.

1146
00:08:52,076 --> 00:08:55,936
The plastics which are all
exposed to often act as estrogens.

1147
00:08:55,936 --> 00:09:00,286
The pesticides, the herbicides, they
all may affect our immune system.

1148
00:09:00,286 --> 00:09:03,016
You know, then we have this
massive exposure to antibiotics.

1149
00:09:03,016 --> 00:09:05,136
Antibiotics are great.

1150
00:09:05,136 --> 00:09:08,216
I mean, gosh, if you have bacterial
infection, you're going to die,

1151
00:09:08,216 --> 00:09:10,896
please get the appropriate antibiotic.

1152
00:09:10,896 --> 00:09:14,336
However, in so many cases,
it's used inappropriately.

1153
00:09:14,336 --> 00:09:22,016
And what antibiotics do do is they basically
remove or kill whole groups of bacteria,

1154
00:09:22,016 --> 00:09:24,546
which are which are essential for our health.

1155
00:09:24,766 --> 00:09:27,176
So in fact, we have an impoverished human biome.

1156
00:09:27,176 --> 00:09:33,436
And then we have excessive hygiene by which,
in many ways, we are no longer exposed

1157
00:09:33,506 --> 00:09:39,576
to some viruses or bacteria, which
in the past, would have immunized us.

1158
00:09:39,576 --> 00:09:43,026
And we see this now coming
up in the post-pandemic,

1159
00:09:43,026 --> 00:09:47,446
that many people have been separated from
each other, and now when we meet again,

1160
00:09:47,446 --> 00:09:49,996
all of a sudden, we have an increase in flus.

1161
00:09:49,996 --> 00:09:51,146
There's nothing new to this.

1162
00:09:51,146 --> 00:09:56,016
This has been observed before in
the expeditions to the Antarctica.

1163
00:09:56,016 --> 00:09:59,996
When people in the Antarctica would go, a
scientist, they would then be living there.

1164
00:09:59,996 --> 00:10:02,546
And then the Antarctica winter would occur.

1165
00:10:02,546 --> 00:10:05,396
They would now have no new people meeting them.

1166
00:10:05,396 --> 00:10:08,096
And first upon -- when they
first got it together,

1167
00:10:08,236 --> 00:10:10,336
there were a number of flus and illnesses.

1168
00:10:10,336 --> 00:10:12,006
Now they were all exposed.

1169
00:10:12,006 --> 00:10:13,976
No new bacteria came in.

1170
00:10:14,066 --> 00:10:17,506
And for the next six months, or however
much time it is, none of them got sick.

1171
00:10:17,506 --> 00:10:23,646
People did get sick of other diseases, but not
of bacterial or viral infections, basically.

1172
00:10:23,646 --> 00:10:26,746
And then the first visitor came, and all

1173
00:10:26,746 --> 00:10:29,546
of a sudden people would get
their colds or flus again.

1174
00:10:30,046 --> 00:10:34,386
So by not being exposed, we
put ourselves more at risk.

1175
00:10:34,526 --> 00:10:39,516
And then our lifestyle, in a
way, has really shifted so much.

1176
00:10:39,516 --> 00:10:42,266
You know, we're so much -- we sit so much.

1177
00:10:42,356 --> 00:10:45,306
We have so much lack of movement.

1178
00:10:45,306 --> 00:10:49,156
We have lights that interfere,
in fact, with our health.

1179
00:10:49,156 --> 00:10:55,866
Light at night, for example, may --
maybe -- may affect, not only may,

1180
00:10:55,866 --> 00:11:00,486
does affect our diurnal rhythms,
our daily rhythms, because light,

1181
00:11:00,486 --> 00:11:04,096
especially a blue component of
light, tends to suppress melatonin.

1182
00:11:04,096 --> 00:11:11,146
And it's one of the factors people have
hypothesized is why young girls are developing

1183
00:11:11,176 --> 00:11:16,616
earlier menarche, meaning the first menstruation
occur, because they have lights on at night,

1184
00:11:16,616 --> 00:11:22,546
which disturbs their biological rhythms,
as well as increased weight and fat.

1185
00:11:22,546 --> 00:11:24,246
There are many other factors.

1186
00:11:24,246 --> 00:11:27,526
Okay? But overall, you could
argue that a number of these kind

1187
00:11:27,526 --> 00:11:31,216
of newer illnesses are the
result of our lifestyle.

1188
00:11:31,216 --> 00:11:37,136
Namely, we have disrespected our evolutionary
origins without realizing that we are part

1189
00:11:37,136 --> 00:11:42,616
of this intrinsic web, that includes diet,
movement, parasites, biological rhythms,

1190
00:11:42,616 --> 00:11:47,786
bacteria, you name it, viruses,
they're all part of us.

1191
00:11:47,786 --> 00:11:53,846
And in many cases, some -- or in many
cases, dysfunction can be reversed,

1192
00:11:53,846 --> 00:11:59,066
or maybe even prevented, by respecting
and returning to our evolutionary origins.

1193
00:11:59,066 --> 00:12:03,106
The data is overwhelmed that people, for
example, who get up and do significant amount

1194
00:12:03,106 --> 00:12:06,446
of movement, tend to have
less cardiovascular disease.

1195
00:12:06,446 --> 00:12:10,526
Notice that's a dysfunction
which can be reversed.

1196
00:12:10,736 --> 00:12:15,786
Eating less sugar and simple carbohydrates,
which is not part of our evolutionary past,

1197
00:12:15,786 --> 00:12:19,536
would mean that they would not develop
type two diabetes, or much less likely.

1198
00:12:19,536 --> 00:12:22,716
So in a way, it goes right back
to the simple rules of health,

1199
00:12:22,716 --> 00:12:25,276
which we described earlier by Nassim Taleb.

1200
00:12:25,576 --> 00:12:30,066
Anything that was not part of our
evolutionary past is probably harmful.

1201
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:32,336
I want to underline it again.

1202
00:12:32,336 --> 00:12:36,446
Anything that was novel, and not part of
our evolutionary past is probably harmful.

1203
00:12:36,446 --> 00:12:40,816
And probably, we don't need
evidence of harm to claim that a drug

1204
00:12:40,816 --> 00:12:46,616
or any unnatural procedure is dangerous,
even if that harm does not yet exist.

1205
00:12:46,616 --> 00:12:53,366
Therefore, the easiest way to optimize health
is to remove what he would call via negativity,

1206
00:12:53,366 --> 00:12:55,786
remove the unnatural, the unfamiliar.

1207
00:12:56,526 --> 00:12:58,646
You know, just think of reducing lung cancer,

1208
00:12:58,646 --> 00:13:03,066
which is what people have demonstrated very
clearly, by stopping smoking, which is pollution

1209
00:13:03,066 --> 00:13:05,776
and the irritation of the airways.

1210
00:13:06,196 --> 00:13:09,766
All of a sudden, lung cancer is
decreased, and a number of other illnesses.

1211
00:13:09,766 --> 00:13:14,486
Although right now, we are seeing an
increased epidemic of the use of e-cigarettes,

1212
00:13:15,396 --> 00:13:19,036
which will again lead to a future epidemic.

1213
00:13:19,036 --> 00:13:23,436
Okay, remember, from an evolutionary
perspective, let me outline, genes survive

1214
00:13:23,436 --> 00:13:27,166
and prosper if their reproductive
fitness increases.

1215
00:13:27,896 --> 00:13:32,996
And the changes in our external environment
continually impacts the natural selection

1216
00:13:32,996 --> 00:13:36,136
of genes, named reproductive fitness.

1217
00:13:36,136 --> 00:13:40,646
Novel and increased inputs
reduces our reproductive fitness,

1218
00:13:40,646 --> 00:13:42,696
they could say, act as an allostatic load.

1219
00:13:42,886 --> 00:13:48,886
And nature and natural selection favors those
mutations, those genes, those behaviors,

1220
00:13:48,886 --> 00:13:53,316
that enhance the reproductive fitness
with these novel stimuli, therefore by --

1221
00:13:53,436 --> 00:13:55,116
thereby reduce the allostatic load.

1222
00:13:55,216 --> 00:13:59,636
And you keep in mind that that is
especially true for younger people,

1223
00:13:59,876 --> 00:14:04,586
and people, you know, in their 20s and 30s.

1224
00:14:04,586 --> 00:14:08,046
But once you have given birth,
or an older adult, remember,

1225
00:14:08,046 --> 00:14:09,616
you're not going to reproduce anymore.

1226
00:14:09,616 --> 00:14:15,676
So then those illness that have much -- are much
less affected by this evolutionary perspective.

1227
00:14:15,676 --> 00:14:19,656
So I would not expect that
Alzheimer's is impacted by this,

1228
00:14:19,656 --> 00:14:21,636
because there's no natural selection.

1229
00:14:21,766 --> 00:14:23,176
We have already reproduced.

1230
00:14:23,286 --> 00:14:26,696
Okay? But remember to underline this again.

1231
00:14:26,696 --> 00:14:28,156
Natural selections.

1232
00:14:28,416 --> 00:14:33,556
Individuals best adapted to their surrounds
enjoy increased reproductive success.

1233
00:14:33,556 --> 00:14:38,306
They pass on the traits, adaptive versus even
maladaptive, or neutral, to their descendants,

1234
00:14:38,306 --> 00:14:42,556
who gradually consider a greater
proportion of the, of the population.

1235
00:14:42,946 --> 00:14:48,196
Remember, we carry this imprint
of our biological heritage in us.

1236
00:14:48,646 --> 00:14:54,976
So it's useful to say how and what were we
doing earlier on that allowed us to be us now?

1237
00:14:54,976 --> 00:14:58,756
And now, I want to underline this even more.

1238
00:14:59,456 --> 00:15:01,776
But this is very important.

1239
00:15:01,776 --> 00:15:02,976
That's habitat selection.

1240
00:15:03,346 --> 00:15:06,276
We are wired for whatever
habitat we are involved in.

1241
00:15:06,926 --> 00:15:11,366
Biologists, who study animals in the wild,
describe this as "habitat selection theory".

1242
00:15:11,366 --> 00:15:16,346
And the general rule is that animals who
are in their natural habitat do much better.

1243
00:15:16,346 --> 00:15:21,276
They thrive, both physically, and
psychologically, and social behavior compared

1244
00:15:21,276 --> 00:15:24,796
to animals that are placed in
unnatural habitat, such as a zoo.

1245
00:15:24,796 --> 00:15:29,556
They most likely evolved in the forest of
Africa without the presence of digital displays.

1246
00:15:29,556 --> 00:15:32,186
And so by just sitting in front of
digital displays the whole time,

1247
00:15:32,186 --> 00:15:37,476
or just sitting the whole time, we
probably are reducing our health.

1248
00:15:37,476 --> 00:15:44,226
And people have called sitting the -- you know,
our -- the new epidemic of smoking, basically.

1249
00:15:44,226 --> 00:15:50,146
And what I've said many times before is that
genetics only loads the gun, but our behavior

1250
00:15:50,146 --> 00:15:52,196
and environment pulls the trigger.

1251
00:15:52,196 --> 00:15:54,186
And I like that phrase a lot.

1252
00:15:54,186 --> 00:16:01,186
So let me look at it -- give an example how our
environment may cause us to develop illness.

1253
00:16:01,236 --> 00:16:05,716
This is called, the concept is
evolutionary or ecological traps.

1254
00:16:05,856 --> 00:16:08,246
Evolutionary/ecological traps occur

1255
00:16:08,246 --> 00:16:14,256
when formally adaptive habitat preference
become maladaptive, meaning they become harmful,

1256
00:16:14,256 --> 00:16:19,076
because the cues the individually preferentially
used in selecting habitat may now lead

1257
00:16:19,076 --> 00:16:22,026
to lower fitness than other alternatives.

1258
00:16:22,026 --> 00:16:27,526
It means that whatever adaptive
habits of preference we evolve for,

1259
00:16:27,566 --> 00:16:31,406
and now we allow that to happen
too much, it may lead to illness.

1260
00:16:31,406 --> 00:16:34,226
But let me give a remarkable example of this.

1261
00:16:34,226 --> 00:16:38,086
This is the birds in the
Pacific called the "albatross".

1262
00:16:38,086 --> 00:16:41,456
And when you go to Midway
Island, it's just shocking.

1263
00:16:41,456 --> 00:16:45,926
In Midway -- on Midway Island, you see
these many carcasses of these birds.

1264
00:16:45,926 --> 00:16:47,156
You can see the skeletons.

1265
00:16:47,156 --> 00:16:48,046
You can see the feather.

1266
00:16:48,466 --> 00:16:52,716
And you see the -- what was left
over in a gastrointestinal tract.

1267
00:16:52,716 --> 00:16:54,666
Look at all the pieces of plastic.

1268
00:16:54,666 --> 00:16:55,446
How was that?

1269
00:16:55,746 --> 00:16:58,226
How come? And so many are dying.

1270
00:16:58,776 --> 00:17:03,796
Well, think of the albatross going
over the ocean from Midway there.

1271
00:17:03,896 --> 00:17:08,686
That's an island which is 2,000
miles away from any other islands.

1272
00:17:08,786 --> 00:17:11,816
And the bird lives, you know, eats the fish.

1273
00:17:11,816 --> 00:17:14,586
So it goes -- it is flying over the ocean.

1274
00:17:14,586 --> 00:17:16,716
It sees some shimmering in the water.

1275
00:17:16,716 --> 00:17:18,366
It looks like a fish.

1276
00:17:18,366 --> 00:17:22,126
And those birds, through evolution,
who you know, who have adapted,

1277
00:17:22,126 --> 00:17:25,086
and could identify this the
quickest and the most.

1278
00:17:25,086 --> 00:17:28,786
They would then dive, they
would eat it, swallow it,

1279
00:17:28,786 --> 00:17:32,216
and then possibly regurgitate
it to their chicks.

1280
00:17:32,216 --> 00:17:38,686
Now, however, that same shimmering in the
water now is our small pieces of plastic,

1281
00:17:38,686 --> 00:17:43,586
which are coated, also, by the algae, so it
has some of the similar outer taste initially.

1282
00:17:43,756 --> 00:17:50,886
So now what happens is the birds now take
this plastic, and swallow it as food.

1283
00:17:50,886 --> 00:17:56,736
Now, do we say these birds are stupid, or are
we at fault that we have created this world

1284
00:17:56,736 --> 00:18:02,176
where these birds, we made such a radical
shift, so these birds were evolved to --

1285
00:18:02,176 --> 00:18:07,096
to be able to see that shimmering, they
would then go at it, and now, they would die.

1286
00:18:08,746 --> 00:18:13,456
And that is a very, you know,
it looks really challenging.

1287
00:18:13,616 --> 00:18:20,896
And as Professor E.O. Wilson stated, "Organisms,
when housed in unfit habitats, undergo social,

1288
00:18:20,896 --> 00:18:23,476
psychological and physiological breakdown."

1289
00:18:23,476 --> 00:18:27,536
Here, then you see that the
habitat radically changed.

1290
00:18:27,536 --> 00:18:34,056
The animal still is wired to
find that shimmering object

1291
00:18:34,056 --> 00:18:37,416
as food, but now it's no longer food.

1292
00:18:38,926 --> 00:18:41,946
I want to keep this down because our weak --

1293
00:18:41,946 --> 00:18:46,166
our other evolutionary or environmental
traps are there for people today.

1294
00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:50,286
You know, just if you look at a piece
of paper, think of things that may --

1295
00:18:50,476 --> 00:18:57,086
you may be doing, which you automatically
do, but it basically are triggered

1296
00:18:57,086 --> 00:19:00,776
by the environment because you
have evolved for that to respond.

1297
00:19:02,086 --> 00:19:03,466
Pause -- I'll pause.

1298
00:19:03,466 --> 00:19:04,346
I won't pause.

1299
00:19:04,346 --> 00:19:07,046
Pause the computer for writing
down, and let's check it out.

1300
00:19:07,046 --> 00:19:07,926
Let me just think a few.

1301
00:19:08,046 --> 00:19:11,286
One, we react to cues of food, automatically.

1302
00:19:11,286 --> 00:19:12,956
We see food, we may become hungry.

1303
00:19:12,956 --> 00:19:15,036
We smell it, we become hungry.

1304
00:19:15,036 --> 00:19:16,366
We -- you know, automatically.

1305
00:19:16,426 --> 00:19:17,166
Well, why?

1306
00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:19,336
Because we need food for survival.

1307
00:19:20,456 --> 00:19:26,256
You know, for millions of years, probably,
you know, food was only challenging.

1308
00:19:26,256 --> 00:19:27,776
We always had to hunt for food.

1309
00:19:28,516 --> 00:19:33,006
Therefore, we have really no
mechanisms easily to stop eating.

1310
00:19:33,006 --> 00:19:35,766
And this is especially true for sugars.

1311
00:19:35,766 --> 00:19:40,486
Almost all foods that that are
sweet are usually not poisonous.

1312
00:19:40,796 --> 00:19:47,006
Yes, I knew that -- know that the paint that,
you know, lead paint, is sweet when you chew it,

1313
00:19:47,356 --> 00:19:48,926
the pikas [phonetic] that it's called.

1314
00:19:48,926 --> 00:19:50,736
However, that's that rare things.

1315
00:19:50,736 --> 00:19:56,566
Most other things in nature that
are sweet are -- represent calories.

1316
00:19:56,566 --> 00:20:00,256
Therefore, we want to eat them, because
we need the calories for survival,

1317
00:20:00,396 --> 00:20:02,636
and we don't have an off switch easily.

1318
00:20:02,636 --> 00:20:04,576
The same thing will be true for fats.

1319
00:20:05,206 --> 00:20:11,846
So we are -- when the cue of food is shown to
us, we react to eat, want to eat, or hunger.

1320
00:20:11,846 --> 00:20:13,616
And I'll show that in a moment.

1321
00:20:14,326 --> 00:20:17,876
Okay? And the similar part
is, I think, for reproduction.

1322
00:20:17,926 --> 00:20:22,386
You know, we, you know, that's
probably the drive for pornography is

1323
00:20:22,386 --> 00:20:27,376
such is probably the biggest bandwidth on the
Internet, because there are cues, which said,

1324
00:20:27,376 --> 00:20:31,936
ah, survival that leads to, maybe
because, you know, for reproduction.

1325
00:20:32,026 --> 00:20:35,686
And then we have all the cues
around us for protection.

1326
00:20:35,686 --> 00:20:39,676
We remember our -- we're historically prey.

1327
00:20:40,256 --> 00:20:44,176
There were other animals that saw us for
food, so we always had to be very careful.

1328
00:20:44,246 --> 00:20:46,296
We had to look around and be vigilant.

1329
00:20:46,296 --> 00:20:47,976
We still all are.

1330
00:20:49,036 --> 00:20:54,136
And now, however, all those cues, which
-- of sounds, of changing objects around,

1331
00:20:54,136 --> 00:20:59,426
cause us to react all the time, and
where -- which captures our attention.

1332
00:21:00,056 --> 00:21:03,026
You know, no wonder we tend to
get addicted to computer games.

1333
00:21:03,026 --> 00:21:08,206
Once we sit, and we watch one -- you
know, we start to watch a Netflix series.

1334
00:21:08,206 --> 00:21:12,556
Automatically, we keep sitting there,
and then the next sequence pops up,

1335
00:21:12,556 --> 00:21:15,906
and we don't change because
we're captured by it.

1336
00:21:15,906 --> 00:21:20,936
And then, for survival, in
small groups, for in clans,

1337
00:21:20,936 --> 00:21:26,586
we need to know who the power structure
was, because as we, you know, mature,

1338
00:21:26,626 --> 00:21:28,186
we want to be part of the power structure.

1339
00:21:28,186 --> 00:21:29,286
We don't want to be excluded.

1340
00:21:29,286 --> 00:21:30,406
We need to know what's going on.

1341
00:21:30,406 --> 00:21:34,116
So in some sense, you could say
that's our social media addiction.

1342
00:21:34,596 --> 00:21:38,156
You know, it's basic -- and
it's triggered that way.

1343
00:21:38,156 --> 00:21:41,166
And then our bodies really want to rest.

1344
00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:45,446
Why expend energy when there's not
enough energy you have, or calories?

1345
00:21:45,446 --> 00:21:47,556
So anytime you could rest, you would do it.

1346
00:21:47,836 --> 00:21:51,306
So that quickly leads to excess
sitting and lack of movement.

1347
00:21:51,306 --> 00:21:53,786
In the past, we didn't have to go to the gym.

1348
00:21:53,786 --> 00:21:55,226
We didn't have to go jogging.

1349
00:21:55,476 --> 00:22:00,736
Our whole world included that
physicalness, and so now our -- it doesn't.

1350
00:22:01,166 --> 00:22:03,566
And then there are many other things that occur.

1351
00:22:03,566 --> 00:22:04,976
Light. We want to be active.

1352
00:22:04,976 --> 00:22:06,046
We want to be involved.

1353
00:22:06,046 --> 00:22:10,886
However, light, artificial lights,
which keeps us awake, keeps us active,

1354
00:22:10,886 --> 00:22:16,136
also reduces our rest, interferes with
melatonin, affects our circadian rhythms,

1355
00:22:16,456 --> 00:22:25,386
etc. And then the final piece is, from my
perspective, the brain cannot, I would say,

1356
00:22:25,386 --> 00:22:30,596
discriminate between actual
and visual auditory images.

1357
00:22:30,896 --> 00:22:39,106
So when we watch a film in front of
us, for our brain, this is really real.

1358
00:22:39,706 --> 00:22:44,006
I know you -- we all would say,
yes, I know it's a, it is a drama.

1359
00:22:44,006 --> 00:22:44,846
It's a play.

1360
00:22:44,846 --> 00:22:45,746
It isn't real.

1361
00:22:45,746 --> 00:22:53,556
And yet, for our body, this the first time
in our evolutionary past, well, really,

1362
00:22:53,556 --> 00:22:58,576
since cameras were, you know, since
you could do film in late 19th century,

1363
00:22:58,756 --> 00:23:03,146
then we could have a picture,
which was not real.

1364
00:23:03,146 --> 00:23:06,546
In the past, everything we saw was always real.

1365
00:23:06,546 --> 00:23:07,866
We could touch.

1366
00:23:07,866 --> 00:23:14,726
And so when things go into our eyes, our
brains say that's real, and we react this way.

1367
00:23:14,726 --> 00:23:20,986
And even though we may want to argue
that, I think most of you, if not all,

1368
00:23:20,986 --> 00:23:28,146
have had the experience that if you
watch a horror movie, or horrible scenes

1369
00:23:28,146 --> 00:23:30,806
where horrible things happen in a series.

1370
00:23:30,806 --> 00:23:32,636
And then you go outside, all of a sudden,

1371
00:23:32,636 --> 00:23:36,836
that little noise behind you
triggers a massive autonomic response,

1372
00:23:36,836 --> 00:23:38,526
in the past, that would not have done that.

1373
00:23:39,316 --> 00:23:44,466
Because we -- our bodies saw what
we saw in the film, we act as real.

1374
00:23:44,466 --> 00:23:49,836
And I think we have really underestimated
that -- how powerful that phenomena is.

1375
00:23:50,046 --> 00:23:53,526
And part of the reason we
have these -- we are --

1376
00:23:54,216 --> 00:23:59,716
we react all the time, is because
our commercial industry uses these --

1377
00:23:59,846 --> 00:24:06,636
these cues, which are really traps
for us to capture our eyeballs.

1378
00:24:06,636 --> 00:24:10,696
And that's the whole basis of our social
media, of all the many of the [inaudible].

1379
00:24:10,696 --> 00:24:13,256
It's really people don't
get paid for the content.

1380
00:24:13,256 --> 00:24:17,116
They get paid for our attention,
hijacking our attention.

1381
00:24:17,116 --> 00:24:24,926
And equally, for many industries, it is the
profit margin that doesn't ask is it healthy?

1382
00:24:24,926 --> 00:24:28,256
It just asks can we -- will you buy the object?

1383
00:24:28,256 --> 00:24:32,076
Just think of the, all the cereals,
with highlighting the sugar,

1384
00:24:32,076 --> 00:24:36,996
all the candies in front
of the counters, you know.

1385
00:24:37,166 --> 00:24:42,106
And do we then blame children
that they have no control?

1386
00:24:42,106 --> 00:24:48,896
So in a child, who is wired from an evolutionary
perspective for survival to eat more calories,

1387
00:24:48,896 --> 00:24:52,866
when it sees the sweets, it wants those.

1388
00:24:55,136 --> 00:25:01,936
Do we blame the child, or should we be blaming
the corporate culture, the world around us?

1389
00:25:01,936 --> 00:25:05,946
And maybe we really need to be
careful with this, and say, oops,

1390
00:25:05,946 --> 00:25:11,436
you may need to define that, and we may
need to set, you know, social constraints

1391
00:25:11,436 --> 00:25:15,356
that we don't trigger these
dysfunctional behaviors.

1392
00:25:15,356 --> 00:25:20,646
And remember, even watching pictures of food,
and smelling it, will activate your brain.

1393
00:25:20,646 --> 00:25:24,026
You know, it is most interesting.

1394
00:25:24,026 --> 00:25:25,646
I think I have a slide in that later.

1395
00:25:25,646 --> 00:25:26,026
Okay?

1396
00:25:28,186 --> 00:25:33,396
So the solutions really are that the society
may need to protect its own population

1397
00:25:33,396 --> 00:25:39,006
from the commercial exploitation of
these evolutionary, ecological traps.

1398
00:25:39,006 --> 00:25:41,006
Now this is a great, difficult discussion,

1399
00:25:41,006 --> 00:25:44,186
because we think of the freedom
of speech in a very broad sense.

1400
00:25:44,566 --> 00:25:46,606
But yes, I think it is a critical issue.

1401
00:25:46,606 --> 00:25:54,236
We cannot depend upon self-regulation
to reduce our sugar content in our Coke,

1402
00:25:54,236 --> 00:25:58,126
in our in our foods around us, or anything else.

1403
00:25:58,226 --> 00:26:01,386
And you can already see the
effect in human physiology

1404
00:26:02,566 --> 00:26:06,486
by having been exposed to
these environmental traps.

1405
00:26:06,486 --> 00:26:12,066
If you look at the brain wave activity,
the quantitative electroencephalograph,

1406
00:26:12,066 --> 00:26:18,046
the brain activity, the brains of
normal students today look more

1407
00:26:18,046 --> 00:26:23,076
like an ADHD student than 20 years ago.

1408
00:26:23,076 --> 00:26:28,816
If you look at the spine of young people today,
as colleagues of mine in Canada have observed

1409
00:26:28,816 --> 00:26:33,726
in the athletics department, that
compared to 20 years ago, the spines are --

1410
00:26:33,726 --> 00:26:36,836
the upper spine of these people
are slightly more cured for,

1411
00:26:37,026 --> 00:26:41,666
because our whole world is looking down at
our cell phone or looking at our screens.

1412
00:26:41,666 --> 00:26:46,906
The pandemic only, you know, accelerated
this trend that was already going on.

1413
00:26:46,906 --> 00:26:52,866
And then there are so many other qualities,
things that we have, increase of pesticides,

1414
00:26:52,866 --> 00:26:58,526
of plastics, of BPA, all of that
which may lead to pathology.

1415
00:26:58,746 --> 00:27:07,656
So we may need to control our -- our legal
system, the be exposure to protect ourselves.

1416
00:27:07,656 --> 00:27:08,706
It's a challenge.

1417
00:27:08,706 --> 00:27:12,416
Okay? But just for fun, let
me go back for a moment,

1418
00:27:12,416 --> 00:27:15,686
what I said about what you see
and smell affects your body.

1419
00:27:15,966 --> 00:27:20,436
The brain and visual system, remember, are
intimately linked to the acquisition of food.

1420
00:27:20,436 --> 00:27:22,216
It is necessary for survival.

1421
00:27:23,216 --> 00:27:27,836
And when we get an image of
food, and the smell of food,

1422
00:27:27,836 --> 00:27:30,976
our physiological, neurological changes respond.

1423
00:27:31,526 --> 00:27:35,256
Then it may even be a danger
in our growing exposure --

1424
00:27:35,256 --> 00:27:39,846
these beautifully presented images of foods,
which we do each time I go to Facebook --

1425
00:27:39,846 --> 00:27:43,206
to Facebook, or Instagram, or TikTok.

1426
00:27:43,206 --> 00:27:48,386
And I make a short video on TikTok about the
delicious food I'm eating, or I take a picture

1427
00:27:48,386 --> 00:27:50,756
and post it on Facebook or
Instagram on the food.

1428
00:27:52,146 --> 00:27:55,006
What happens is, it will
induce this in the person.

1429
00:27:55,006 --> 00:27:59,346
Here, I take the picture, and then I can look
at the brain, what happens to the person.

1430
00:27:59,346 --> 00:28:00,536
This is their work.

1431
00:28:01,946 --> 00:28:07,356
And you can see Wang et al, you can see that
if you show the food inside a, you know,

1432
00:28:07,356 --> 00:28:12,926
PET [inaudible] imaging, where you
can see how the blood flow goes

1433
00:28:12,926 --> 00:28:15,626
through the brain, basically, or metabolism.

1434
00:28:15,716 --> 00:28:21,316
Then you see, all of a sudden, that there's
a 24% increase in the brain metabolism

1435
00:28:21,736 --> 00:28:25,826
by just showing the images of
foods while lying in the scanner.

1436
00:28:25,826 --> 00:28:29,706
Now this is a very complicated study,
you know, they only saw the image.

1437
00:28:29,706 --> 00:28:31,076
They brought the smell in.

1438
00:28:31,076 --> 00:28:32,896
They put it on your tongue as well.

1439
00:28:32,896 --> 00:28:35,656
So it's a very -- it's -- it is a complex one.

1440
00:28:35,656 --> 00:28:42,016
However, imagine -- imagination
and seeing it affects physiology.

1441
00:28:43,056 --> 00:28:48,876
And so next time you sent that great meal to
your friend, you may be helping them to want

1442
00:28:48,876 --> 00:28:51,246
to eat more and increase their obesity.

1443
00:28:51,706 --> 00:28:55,846
So really, you know, our diet
and exercise do change it.

1444
00:28:55,846 --> 00:28:57,486
You've been sitting here for a little while now.

1445
00:28:57,486 --> 00:29:00,266
So just for a moment, once again, just get up.

1446
00:29:00,686 --> 00:29:01,966
Just get up and move.

1447
00:29:02,366 --> 00:29:03,636
I know, it's so hard.

1448
00:29:03,636 --> 00:29:05,706
But get up, just wiggle and move.

1449
00:29:05,886 --> 00:29:06,496
Just move.

1450
00:29:06,666 --> 00:29:07,366
I'm swinging.

1451
00:29:07,436 --> 00:29:08,136
I'm swinging.

1452
00:29:08,446 --> 00:29:10,416
I reach up, and then I look up.

1453
00:29:10,416 --> 00:29:12,576
I look up again, and I look up again.

1454
00:29:12,626 --> 00:29:21,576
I take a big breath, and then, and
I let my sit myself down again.

1455
00:29:22,636 --> 00:29:27,756
And just note it again, when you
have done that, note two things.

1456
00:29:28,046 --> 00:29:34,136
One, how hard it was to get up and do it,
how much we want to just keep sitting.

1457
00:29:34,136 --> 00:29:40,056
And two, that after you did it,
how your energy slightly went up.

1458
00:29:40,056 --> 00:29:46,186
Okay? So really, remember, what I want to point
out is health is living your evolutionary roots,

1459
00:29:46,186 --> 00:29:49,396
and whatever increases reproductive
fitness predominates.

1460
00:29:49,396 --> 00:29:53,356
And then remember our past,
that we are wired to be prey.

1461
00:29:53,356 --> 00:29:58,456
And finally, we start regenerating
when feel safe.

1462
00:29:58,456 --> 00:30:02,156
Okay. And if you look at that more,
it means you may look at diet.

1463
00:30:02,156 --> 00:30:04,036
We'll look at that much later in the semester.

1464
00:30:04,036 --> 00:30:08,286
But have a lot of greens,
tubers, nuts, organic foods.

1465
00:30:08,636 --> 00:30:16,206
And then we can see that the absence of some of
the vitamins may lead to significant illnesses.

1466
00:30:16,206 --> 00:30:18,126
And I'll talk about this in a moment.

1467
00:30:18,246 --> 00:30:23,346
The lack of Omega 3, which we now have massively
upped, because we mainly have Omega 6s,

1468
00:30:23,346 --> 00:30:27,316
because a massive amount of
corn products we eat, you know,

1469
00:30:27,316 --> 00:30:32,426
may inhibit embryological
development, increase eczema, others.

1470
00:30:32,726 --> 00:30:36,836
Well, folic acid, which is part of food
of healthy eating, a lot of veggies,

1471
00:30:37,006 --> 00:30:38,836
may increase the risk of spinal bifida.

1472
00:30:39,296 --> 00:30:42,646
And then we have all the cases where
people are no longer doing breastfeeding.

1473
00:30:42,646 --> 00:30:44,326
I'll talk about that in a moment.

1474
00:30:44,366 --> 00:30:47,516
That increases the risk of
Celiac disease and asthma.

1475
00:30:47,516 --> 00:30:51,126
And then we have the whole light/night,
melatonin suppression by light.

1476
00:30:52,096 --> 00:30:57,406
And then our relationship of
our bodies, bacteria, parasites.

1477
00:30:57,406 --> 00:31:01,796
And I'll talk about that in a moment,
like Crohn's disease, etc. Okay,

1478
00:31:02,036 --> 00:31:04,906
let me just see in detail
a little bit what happens

1479
00:31:04,906 --> 00:31:07,856
when you disregard your evolutionary background.

1480
00:31:07,856 --> 00:31:11,406
I'll go through the following
fairly quickly, living in isolation,

1481
00:31:11,406 --> 00:31:15,516
possibly formula versus breastfeeding,
or breastfeeding versus formula,

1482
00:31:15,516 --> 00:31:20,166
eating processed foods, or really being
-- having [inaudible] malnutrition.

1483
00:31:20,166 --> 00:31:25,296
Feeding an animal, a carnivore,
an herbivore diet.

1484
00:31:25,296 --> 00:31:27,906
Feeding an herbivore a carnivore diet.

1485
00:31:27,906 --> 00:31:31,716
Feeding rats milk protein, casein
that they have never been used to.

1486
00:31:31,716 --> 00:31:37,256
Possibly, how come we can get
food poisoning, etc., etc. Okay.

1487
00:31:37,436 --> 00:31:39,246
So let me first go back to isolation.

1488
00:31:39,246 --> 00:31:40,406
It's most interesting.

1489
00:31:40,406 --> 00:31:45,826
This was a study at Kaiser, which I really
liked, where they looked at the adults

1490
00:31:45,826 --> 00:31:50,236
without children, who contract
COVID-19, versus those who had children.

1491
00:31:50,236 --> 00:31:57,916
And notice that for equivalent ages, this
is before we were vaccinated, that adults,

1492
00:31:57,916 --> 00:32:00,506
who had now -- who are not
around little children,

1493
00:32:01,766 --> 00:32:04,746
were 49% were likely to be hospitalized.

1494
00:32:04,746 --> 00:32:10,586
And 76% were likely to have Intensive Care Unit
admissions, than infected adults of similar ages

1495
00:32:10,586 --> 00:32:13,106
and health histories, who
had young children at home.

1496
00:32:13,546 --> 00:32:15,636
This really is a very impressive data.

1497
00:32:15,636 --> 00:32:22,456
It suggests both social isolation is harmful,
or it really says, gosh, for all our evolution,

1498
00:32:22,456 --> 00:32:28,136
we lived in little clans, that included
grandparents, great grandparents, parents,

1499
00:32:28,406 --> 00:32:31,686
children, and even babies, and all together.

1500
00:32:31,956 --> 00:32:35,886
And what it -- but you could
possibly argue is that little babies

1501
00:32:35,886 --> 00:32:38,966
and toddlers continually have snotty noses.

1502
00:32:38,966 --> 00:32:40,496
They have flus.

1503
00:32:40,496 --> 00:32:45,256
And these are -- they're all by
different, in most cases, by viruses.

1504
00:32:45,436 --> 00:32:50,206
And by being exposed to that continuously
or episodically, we're getting a kind

1505
00:32:50,206 --> 00:32:57,096
of natural vaccination, and that may
then protect us from the COVID virus.

1506
00:32:57,096 --> 00:33:04,756
Because 30% of flus are Coronavirus,
which is in a similar family as the COVID.

1507
00:33:05,876 --> 00:33:10,536
So that's possibly -- and when we've
looked at what happened with COVID,

1508
00:33:10,636 --> 00:33:15,276
is that the greatest deaths occurred
with elderly, who were in in locations

1509
00:33:15,276 --> 00:33:18,886
where there were no little kids
around, and had comorbidities.

1510
00:33:18,886 --> 00:33:18,976
Okay.

1511
00:33:19,476 --> 00:33:22,126
But if we -- you know, let
me shift to different ones.

1512
00:33:22,526 --> 00:33:24,266
Reflect on the statement.

1513
00:33:24,266 --> 00:33:27,046
Thinking of the risk and
benefits of feeding a baby.

1514
00:33:27,046 --> 00:33:30,796
Formula is better because it allows
the mother to sleep and regenerate.

1515
00:33:30,796 --> 00:33:33,956
It evolves the partner in
the, in the baby's care.

1516
00:33:34,386 --> 00:33:36,286
Right? Pros and cons on that.

1517
00:33:36,286 --> 00:33:40,006
Just stop, and think about it.

1518
00:33:40,006 --> 00:33:45,856
Now, I'll argue a few reasons why maybe
breastfeeding is normal, natural and healthier.

1519
00:33:45,856 --> 00:33:51,146
And this data, I'll talk about, can be very
much criticized, because you could argue that,

1520
00:33:51,146 --> 00:33:55,606
by definition, people who can
breastfeed may be more affluent,

1521
00:33:55,606 --> 00:33:57,396
have different socioeconomic factors.

1522
00:33:57,396 --> 00:34:01,876
And then you control from those, the
risk, these data may slightly disappear.

1523
00:34:02,546 --> 00:34:08,236
Okay. But there's no way I can be
persuaded, from an evolutionary perspective,

1524
00:34:08,236 --> 00:34:14,066
and Pallop's [phonetic] perspective as well,
that a formula can be better than breastmilk,

1525
00:34:14,226 --> 00:34:18,976
unless there, obviously there's some
specific cases of sickness, or others.

1526
00:34:19,616 --> 00:34:25,576
Okay? But basically, the data is overwhelming
from this perspective, that children, babies,

1527
00:34:25,576 --> 00:34:30,236
who are breastfed, have a reduced risk
of asthma, obesity, type two diabetes,

1528
00:34:30,236 --> 00:34:33,626
ear and respiratory infections,
and sudden infant death syndrome.

1529
00:34:34,266 --> 00:34:37,406
It also, it lowers the mother's
risk of hypertension,

1530
00:34:37,406 --> 00:34:41,036
type two diabetes, ovarian and breast cancer.

1531
00:34:41,036 --> 00:34:47,166
You know, but it's so sad is that this is mainly
the chance of economic disparity, and in the US,

1532
00:34:47,166 --> 00:34:53,096
it's our public health policies, or public
policies which basically do not allow,

1533
00:34:53,156 --> 00:34:55,756
or give women time to breastfeed.

1534
00:34:56,366 --> 00:35:00,936
Namely, in some European countries, you can
have a year off or two years off, where,

1535
00:35:00,936 --> 00:35:05,826
after you give birth, you can be
at home and get your salary paid.

1536
00:35:05,826 --> 00:35:07,716
And I think we need to do that.

1537
00:35:07,716 --> 00:35:12,156
Basically in the US, what we want to do is
we want to not have costs at the beginning,

1538
00:35:12,156 --> 00:35:16,606
and then we're stuck with these
very high costs as we get older.

1539
00:35:16,606 --> 00:35:20,766
I would recommend we should do the
cost upfront, and support the women,

1540
00:35:20,766 --> 00:35:24,256
so their jobs are kept being
-- that they have equality

1541
00:35:24,256 --> 00:35:26,336
and they can go back to their job afterwards.

1542
00:35:26,336 --> 00:35:29,896
But if you look at the data,
the data is, I think, is clear.

1543
00:35:30,636 --> 00:35:34,996
Most children, most mothers, if
they can, in some cases you can't.

1544
00:35:34,996 --> 00:35:36,656
There's no harm in that.

1545
00:35:36,656 --> 00:35:37,786
You do the best one can do.

1546
00:35:37,786 --> 00:35:39,546
But in those cases, you can.

1547
00:35:41,716 --> 00:35:44,636
Most mothers want to breastfeed,
and try to continue to.

1548
00:35:44,856 --> 00:35:48,766
However, it's very difficult if
you go to work and then you have

1549
00:35:48,766 --> 00:35:50,666
to pump the breast, and do other things.

1550
00:35:50,666 --> 00:35:51,926
The system is just against us.

1551
00:35:51,926 --> 00:35:53,066
It's too much work.

1552
00:35:53,066 --> 00:35:55,906
And notice by, you know, after three months,

1553
00:35:55,906 --> 00:35:58,796
only half the baby is very
exclusive in breastfeeding.

1554
00:35:58,796 --> 00:36:04,846
And by 12 months, only 1/3rd, you know,
and most supplemented with formula.

1555
00:36:04,846 --> 00:36:07,596
The key is you don't want
to supplement with formula.

1556
00:36:07,806 --> 00:36:10,796
At best, what you do is you
want to breastfeed continuously,

1557
00:36:10,796 --> 00:36:15,816
and keep supplementing other foods,
enter other foods continually to it,

1558
00:36:15,816 --> 00:36:19,236
then you also reduce a massive
rate of any allergies to food.

1559
00:36:19,236 --> 00:36:23,066
The data is clear that if
you do both at the same time,

1560
00:36:23,666 --> 00:36:26,316
then there's very low allergy rates to foods.

1561
00:36:26,506 --> 00:36:29,316
However, in the United States,
this is really an issue

1562
00:36:29,316 --> 00:36:33,066
of economic disparity, and to me, it's immoral.

1563
00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:37,006
But the quick summaries, and I'll give
some data on these for the mother.

1564
00:36:37,006 --> 00:36:42,076
It distinctly reduces the breast cancer risk,
reduces stress, enhanced bonding for the baby,

1565
00:36:42,076 --> 00:36:46,796
hence, its body reduces allergy, reduces
obesity, probably enhances immune function.

1566
00:36:46,796 --> 00:36:52,676
But look, for the mother in detail, if you study
breast cancer for 10 years after pregnancy,

1567
00:36:53,166 --> 00:37:00,296
then you see those who, who had 34 more weeks
of breastfeeding had a cancer risk drop by 13%.

1568
00:37:00,296 --> 00:37:04,756
You know, and there is distinct, and
this is probably much higher than that

1569
00:37:04,756 --> 00:37:07,506
if that one gives birth in your early 20s.

1570
00:37:07,506 --> 00:37:11,146
This is a consensus of early
first birth, an increased number

1571
00:37:11,146 --> 00:37:12,536
of full-term birth are associated

1572
00:37:12,536 --> 00:37:15,576
with significantly long-term
reduction of breast cancer risks.

1573
00:37:16,426 --> 00:37:21,596
Okay? And I think this is really
something we don't talk about.

1574
00:37:21,746 --> 00:37:25,146
And for the benefits, for the baby,
as a group, and again, like I said,

1575
00:37:25,146 --> 00:37:32,036
the data is very difficult, because this is
so confusing by socioeconomic inequalities,

1576
00:37:32,176 --> 00:37:35,776
babies who are breastfed have higher
IQs as adults than formula fed.

1577
00:37:36,196 --> 00:37:40,616
You know, the people born in 1920s
and 30s, who are breastfed as babies,

1578
00:37:40,616 --> 00:37:44,066
achieve significantly upward
mobility, and they were in their 60s

1579
00:37:44,066 --> 00:37:46,726
and 70s, compared to formula fed babies.

1580
00:37:46,726 --> 00:37:50,886
Men and women, who were part
of this study in 1937, '39,

1581
00:37:50,886 --> 00:37:53,786
had a 50% reduction developing celiac disease.

1582
00:37:53,786 --> 00:37:55,796
That seems to be very common.

1583
00:37:55,796 --> 00:38:00,986
So as if, by being breastfed, and then
slowly adding food to it, you don't --

1584
00:38:00,986 --> 00:38:04,166
you can, you can continue
to be able to eat glutens,

1585
00:38:04,166 --> 00:38:09,926
and not develop celiac disease,
compared to breastfed babies.

1586
00:38:09,926 --> 00:38:15,816
And formula-fed babies are fatter
as children, and skinnier as adults.

1587
00:38:15,816 --> 00:38:17,426
I'm going to underline that.

1588
00:38:17,426 --> 00:38:20,086
And formula babies are fatter as babies --

1589
00:38:20,086 --> 00:38:22,856
I'm sorry, and as children
and adults, they're skinnier.

1590
00:38:22,856 --> 00:38:23,696
That's an error there.

1591
00:38:23,696 --> 00:38:28,786
Okay. But remember, the formula are
incomplete for the first couple of months.

1592
00:38:28,786 --> 00:38:33,436
It doesn't have all the appropriate fatty acid,
which are necessary for neural development.

1593
00:38:33,436 --> 00:38:38,386
Although, after a while, the brain will
replace it's all -- our body replaces itself,

1594
00:38:38,386 --> 00:38:43,566
so that we can all do it, but it still
means that for the first four months,

1595
00:38:43,846 --> 00:38:49,436
the baby is getting basically inappropriate
products, as well as all the immune cells,

1596
00:38:49,436 --> 00:38:53,346
and other things it gets from
the mother via the breastmilk.

1597
00:38:53,346 --> 00:38:58,626
And then, even when mother is very conscientious
about pumping milk, and sharing this,

1598
00:38:58,626 --> 00:39:03,816
and it's just great that can be done, that the
milk is different at different times of day.

1599
00:39:03,816 --> 00:39:07,436
So when the mother is going to sleep,
the breastmilk has a different quality,

1600
00:39:07,436 --> 00:39:10,706
has different substances, which
allows the baby to go to sleep more,

1601
00:39:10,706 --> 00:39:12,776
and the same thing in the morning.

1602
00:39:13,516 --> 00:39:16,036
And now what happens when you
mix things up for the baby?

1603
00:39:16,036 --> 00:39:17,606
So life is more complex.

1604
00:39:18,806 --> 00:39:21,806
And remember, babies, who are fed
formula, maybe a slight disadvantage.

1605
00:39:21,806 --> 00:39:23,186
I've already looked at that.

1606
00:39:23,226 --> 00:39:27,966
Babies born in 1970, and formula fed, are
twice likely to have neurological problems

1607
00:39:27,966 --> 00:39:32,076
at age nine, as compared to exclusive
breastfed for the first three weeks.

1608
00:39:32,156 --> 00:39:37,296
Premature babies who are formula fed achieve
significant lower IQ store scores at age eight

1609
00:39:37,296 --> 00:39:40,146
than premature babies who are breastfed.

1610
00:39:40,146 --> 00:39:42,576
Is this due to the breastfed milk?

1611
00:39:42,576 --> 00:39:44,276
The absence of body contact?

1612
00:39:44,276 --> 00:39:47,506
Is it due because by having the
privilege to be able to breastfeed,

1613
00:39:47,506 --> 00:39:50,746
it means you're already in
a more upper social class?

1614
00:39:50,746 --> 00:39:52,556
There are many of those, you know.

1615
00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:57,396
And I can keep going on these if you
look at formula, maternal milk is better

1616
00:39:57,396 --> 00:39:59,196
than formula for pre-term babies.

1617
00:39:59,196 --> 00:40:01,346
That data is quite good.

1618
00:40:01,346 --> 00:40:05,266
Okay? And then finally, which is the
most interesting part when you think

1619
00:40:05,266 --> 00:40:13,846
of the evolutionary perspective, it
isn't only the baby at this point.

1620
00:40:13,846 --> 00:40:16,076
We need to also think of the epigenetics.

1621
00:40:16,076 --> 00:40:18,466
And I'm not going to talk
about that today, or much.

1622
00:40:18,466 --> 00:40:26,446
But remember that the mother, the
pregnant mother's lifestyle has an impact

1623
00:40:26,446 --> 00:40:30,726
on the fetal -- fetus development.

1624
00:40:30,726 --> 00:40:38,046
If the mother is anxious, is stressed, taking
drugs, takes alcohol, it affects the development

1625
00:40:38,046 --> 00:40:40,676
of the baby, and that is a
burden the baby will carry.

1626
00:40:40,816 --> 00:40:44,476
However, it gets even more
significant that, in fact,

1627
00:40:44,476 --> 00:40:49,156
the sense that people say illnesses
skip a generation, they're sort of right

1628
00:40:49,156 --> 00:40:52,966
in a very funny way, because
a pregnant mother, woman,

1629
00:40:52,966 --> 00:40:57,616
impacts her baby, but also
her future grandchild.

1630
00:40:58,226 --> 00:41:04,286
Because the little fetus that's
developing, all the fetus's eggs,

1631
00:41:04,286 --> 00:41:10,226
that are developing during the time it's a
fetus, are impacted by the, by the mother.

1632
00:41:10,226 --> 00:41:14,326
And it means that when that --
the child becomes the mother,

1633
00:41:14,696 --> 00:41:18,806
its eggs are also have already
been shaped by her mother.

1634
00:41:18,806 --> 00:41:21,686
So the grandmother, in fact, impacts the mother.

1635
00:41:21,686 --> 00:41:24,546
And once you look at that, you
can really see how we do --

1636
00:41:24,976 --> 00:41:27,926
how our past transcends into the future.

1637
00:41:28,566 --> 00:41:33,056
And then let's look at totally about
some whole other areas, about foods.

1638
00:41:33,056 --> 00:41:44,536
And I cannot say enough about how, I would say
how bad, we know anyways, the US food supply is.

1639
00:41:44,896 --> 00:41:46,596
"Bad" as the wrong word to use.

1640
00:41:46,596 --> 00:41:49,876
How unnutritious [phonetic] in any way it is.

1641
00:41:49,876 --> 00:41:52,556
It's remarkable that we get plenty of calories,

1642
00:41:52,556 --> 00:41:55,336
and that's very important
if you don't have calories.

1643
00:41:55,336 --> 00:42:02,476
However, we are now becoming a world of
malnutrition, [inaudible] malnutrition.

1644
00:42:02,926 --> 00:42:07,366
And we often spend lots of money,
time, on foods that are not nutritious.

1645
00:42:07,366 --> 00:42:11,916
Here's a single case study, as
we're about to look out for fun.

1646
00:42:11,916 --> 00:42:13,656
If you drink 10 cokes a day for a month.

1647
00:42:13,656 --> 00:42:19,026
Now, it's not a study, it's a case report,
but I think it makes perfect sense.

1648
00:42:19,026 --> 00:42:25,136
When you drink a can, a 12-ounce can of
Coke, you're drinking 39 grams of sugar.

1649
00:42:25,136 --> 00:42:26,106
Now, that's a lot.

1650
00:42:26,106 --> 00:42:27,846
What happens?

1651
00:42:27,846 --> 00:42:32,176
Outcome after one month,
increased weight by 23 pounds.

1652
00:42:32,656 --> 00:42:34,826
Insulin levels, the person became prediabetic.

1653
00:42:34,826 --> 00:42:36,286
Blood pressure's increased.

1654
00:42:36,286 --> 00:42:39,296
The body fat increased by 9%.

1655
00:42:39,296 --> 00:42:43,516
And this equal -- and later on, a Harvard
study has also shown this drinking one can

1656
00:42:43,516 --> 00:42:48,616
of soda can lead to a five-pound
weight gain in the year.

1657
00:42:48,616 --> 00:42:53,926
And also drinking soda daily is so linked
to early death and increased likelihood

1658
00:42:53,926 --> 00:42:55,466
of having a heart attack or stroke.

1659
00:42:55,466 --> 00:43:00,406
It's also linked in women with an increase
in osteoporosis, even with athletes.

1660
00:43:01,046 --> 00:43:05,336
Okay. So I'm not recommending
drinking Cokes by definition.

1661
00:43:05,336 --> 00:43:10,596
But just when we don't listen to our
evolutionary diet, or background,

1662
00:43:10,596 --> 00:43:13,876
and we now do changes, it may backfire on us.

1663
00:43:13,876 --> 00:43:18,876
And I'm going to use a few -- I'm
going to give three examples of this.

1664
00:43:18,876 --> 00:43:23,976
You can think of many more, but I'm trying
to think of a way of thinking about this.

1665
00:43:23,976 --> 00:43:27,496
Okay. So what I look for is, when
you feed carnivores a herbivore diet,

1666
00:43:27,496 --> 00:43:30,076
or you feed herbivores a carnivore diet,

1667
00:43:30,076 --> 00:43:33,936
and when you feed rats foods they were
totally unfamiliar with in their history.

1668
00:43:33,936 --> 00:43:37,266
So that's allostatic load.

1669
00:43:37,366 --> 00:43:40,826
Okay? This goes back to 1985.

1670
00:43:41,236 --> 00:43:43,196
This is in the US zoos.

1671
00:43:43,276 --> 00:43:44,956
Cheetahs were not doing well.

1672
00:43:44,956 --> 00:43:46,706
They had many deaths.

1673
00:43:46,756 --> 00:43:47,816
Only 18 births.

1674
00:43:47,816 --> 00:43:48,506
Seven died.

1675
00:43:48,506 --> 00:43:51,116
Sixty % of Cheetahs had liver damage.

1676
00:43:51,236 --> 00:43:54,286
Only 10% of females produced cubs.

1677
00:43:54,286 --> 00:43:56,076
You could argue, well, they
-- because they're in a zoo.

1678
00:43:56,366 --> 00:43:58,766
It worked out it's not the
case, because in the zoos

1679
00:43:58,766 --> 00:44:00,666
in South Africa, the cheetahs were doing well.

1680
00:44:00,666 --> 00:44:04,206
Remember, the cheetahs are about the
fastest animals in the world, you know.

1681
00:44:05,186 --> 00:44:09,706
And so they had -- but in South
African zoos, they had no problem.

1682
00:44:09,706 --> 00:44:13,466
Why? Well, what does, what
is the food we're feeding?

1683
00:44:13,466 --> 00:44:18,006
Who knows what it totally is, but what
the major factors appear to be the diet

1684
00:44:18,006 --> 00:44:23,256
of cheetah's health in South African -- in
South Africa, the cheetahs ate all carcasses,

1685
00:44:23,256 --> 00:44:28,216
whole meat, just like they did
for their evolutionary past.

1686
00:44:28,216 --> 00:44:30,516
In the US, the cheetahs decide
to eat commercial,

1687
00:44:30,516 --> 00:44:32,766
prepared cat food because it's much cheaper.

1688
00:44:32,766 --> 00:44:33,536
That was horsemeat.

1689
00:44:33,536 --> 00:44:34,066
That's okay.

1690
00:44:34,066 --> 00:44:38,346
But they include a lot of soybean
products, are added for protein.

1691
00:44:39,366 --> 00:44:43,946
Soy contains daidzein and genistein,
which acts as weak estrogens.

1692
00:44:44,036 --> 00:44:48,806
And estrogens can affect liver, and increase
the size of uterus, possibly also carcinogenic

1693
00:44:48,806 --> 00:44:52,826
in excessive, if you're estrogen-sensitive
for breast cancer patients.

1694
00:44:53,926 --> 00:44:56,816
What is so interesting, when
they got rid of the soy,

1695
00:44:56,816 --> 00:45:02,226
and they gave the animals only meat their health
improved, and their fertility improved again.

1696
00:45:02,226 --> 00:45:04,826
I'm not saying that eating
soy causes this at all

1697
00:45:04,826 --> 00:45:08,146
in human beings, because we are not carnivores.

1698
00:45:08,146 --> 00:45:09,016
We are omnivores.

1699
00:45:09,016 --> 00:45:17,306
Although, I have my questions
about, you know, non-organic.

1700
00:45:17,306 --> 00:45:19,686
So I would not quite recommend that.

1701
00:45:20,046 --> 00:45:21,426
But then look at the opposite one.

1702
00:45:22,126 --> 00:45:27,116
This is the Mad Cow Disease episode
that occurred about 20, 25 years ago.

1703
00:45:27,316 --> 00:45:29,816
And this was -- happened mainly in Britain.

1704
00:45:29,816 --> 00:45:35,386
And what happened is that the animals
developed something called "Mad Cow Disease",

1705
00:45:35,576 --> 00:45:42,436
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy,
essentially degenerating brain disease.

1706
00:45:42,436 --> 00:45:46,746
It's a similar disease that is seen in
human beings, as Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease.

1707
00:45:46,746 --> 00:45:48,186
It's a prion disease.

1708
00:45:48,416 --> 00:45:52,186
It's transmitted by eating
part of the brain tissue.

1709
00:45:52,186 --> 00:46:00,016
And that's also between human beings, because
the way, you know, when you go to New Guinea,

1710
00:46:00,556 --> 00:46:04,626
where, historically, there was a large
episode of this kind of disorder,

1711
00:46:04,736 --> 00:46:11,646
is because when the people would fight
each other in New Guinea, the tribes,

1712
00:46:11,646 --> 00:46:15,596
then the winning tribe would
eat the brain of their --

1713
00:46:15,596 --> 00:46:19,516
of the person they had beaten in the battle.

1714
00:46:19,726 --> 00:46:25,666
And if they were now infected with this
prion, they would then get the same disease.

1715
00:46:25,706 --> 00:46:31,226
Okay. So we know if you eat the nervous
tissue, then that could be an issue.

1716
00:46:31,226 --> 00:46:36,906
And most likely people hypothesize
that Mad Cow Disease in Britain started

1717
00:46:36,906 --> 00:46:44,606
when they changed the way, the way the
meat waste products were distributed.

1718
00:46:44,876 --> 00:46:49,766
Namely, what that people did, is
you would collect meat products,

1719
00:46:49,766 --> 00:46:53,456
and that could be from cows, from
sheep, from all others, you know.

1720
00:46:53,796 --> 00:46:58,676
And then you would process this to make a meat
powder, which you would then feed to the cows

1721
00:46:58,676 --> 00:47:01,756
to quickly have them gain
weight and produce more milk.

1722
00:47:01,756 --> 00:47:06,196
Okay? So now, basically, you're
giving the cows who are --

1723
00:47:06,196 --> 00:47:12,586
whose GI tract is really evolved to
eat grass, very low, low quality,

1724
00:47:12,586 --> 00:47:15,856
you could say food, low-calorie food.

1725
00:47:16,246 --> 00:47:19,356
You now feed it a carnivore diet.

1726
00:47:19,356 --> 00:47:24,776
And most likely, in that process, when you now
fed them these waste products, all ground up

1727
00:47:24,776 --> 00:47:31,076
and processed, that contains the prions from the
sheep, which, in sheep, it's called "scrapie",

1728
00:47:31,076 --> 00:47:33,556
and then that let it be expressed in cows.

1729
00:47:33,556 --> 00:47:37,646
And then when these cows were slaughtered
again, you would then take their waste products

1730
00:47:37,646 --> 00:47:40,696
as placeholders [phonetic], and you
would then feed it to other cows.

1731
00:47:41,476 --> 00:47:45,066
And so that's most likely
how Mad Cow Diseases start.

1732
00:47:45,066 --> 00:47:48,206
And the quickest way is to
stop by not doing that anymore.

1733
00:47:49,246 --> 00:47:53,666
But it's, you know, I'm not saying
that eating meat would be harmful.

1734
00:47:53,866 --> 00:48:00,076
But possibly, if you never were exposed to
it, then your GI tract may not be able to cope

1735
00:48:00,076 --> 00:48:04,266
with the scrapie, or with the prion
or other things that may be occurring.

1736
00:48:04,926 --> 00:48:06,716
So that's when you step outside of it.

1737
00:48:07,046 --> 00:48:08,766
And then let me do a different one.

1738
00:48:09,696 --> 00:48:12,976
This is a very interesting one about rats.

1739
00:48:12,976 --> 00:48:17,566
It's an old study by Campbell and
Campbell, or it's really about,

1740
00:48:17,566 --> 00:48:21,336
it's really by Wells, even older, in 1976.

1741
00:48:21,336 --> 00:48:25,286
You take rats and you give
them a low-dose aflatoxin,

1742
00:48:25,286 --> 00:48:30,796
which is a very powerful carcinogenic
agent that will induce tumors in cancer

1743
00:48:30,846 --> 00:48:33,376
in most people, if a dosage high enough.

1744
00:48:33,376 --> 00:48:34,796
But you give them a very low dose.

1745
00:48:34,796 --> 00:48:39,646
And what is interesting is you get these
normal rats, you get this low dose.

1746
00:48:40,086 --> 00:48:47,436
And then you have them eat the normal rat Chow,
and then cancer is expressed in all the animals.

1747
00:48:49,286 --> 00:48:54,016
Now what you do is you change --
and you change the rat chow to food.

1748
00:48:54,016 --> 00:48:57,136
Because basically, what the
what is the rat food?

1749
00:48:57,136 --> 00:49:01,296
It's a little rat pellets, but it's
also has a lot of milk products in it,

1750
00:49:01,296 --> 00:49:03,576
milk protein called "casein" in it.

1751
00:49:03,636 --> 00:49:09,116
But I think from an evolutionary perspective,
rats never drank milk or milk products.

1752
00:49:09,116 --> 00:49:13,256
I mean they eat everything, probably not
milk, so their body probably did not know how

1753
00:49:13,256 --> 00:49:16,846
to process this, then it's an allostatic load.

1754
00:49:17,046 --> 00:49:23,586
What is so interesting is when you reduce the
consumption of -- in the foods to 5% of casein,

1755
00:49:23,846 --> 00:49:28,126
then when you give them this
aflatoxin, it would induce cancer.

1756
00:49:28,126 --> 00:49:29,656
The cancer does not occur.

1757
00:49:29,826 --> 00:49:38,126
So you can see as if the casein
increases, or reduces the immune response,

1758
00:49:38,126 --> 00:49:41,266
or ability, and allows the cancer to occur.

1759
00:49:42,196 --> 00:49:49,216
Again, from my simplistic perspective, is
that rats never ate milk or milk products,

1760
00:49:49,216 --> 00:49:54,326
so this is a novelty, and
then there's a long-term cost.

1761
00:49:54,326 --> 00:49:57,566
There's some evidence, in human
beings, that eating lower animal --

1762
00:49:57,726 --> 00:50:01,396
lower levels of animal protein is
associated of lower cancer rate.

1763
00:50:01,396 --> 00:50:05,656
So the more veggies and fruits you
eat, the -- probably the better it is.

1764
00:50:05,656 --> 00:50:11,106
It is not as clear because the Inuit
people, in the, in the Arctic, eat mainly,

1765
00:50:11,106 --> 00:50:17,296
historically ate mainly animal
products, lots of fats

1766
00:50:17,296 --> 00:50:21,226
and blubber, and they did not develop cancer.

1767
00:50:21,496 --> 00:50:23,886
So that it may not be as clear as it all looks.

1768
00:50:25,666 --> 00:50:27,976
But you know, living in harmony,
with your evolutionary past,

1769
00:50:27,976 --> 00:50:29,716
may give hope for a number of disorders.

1770
00:50:29,716 --> 00:50:32,026
I'm going to make a whole
long list for a moment.

1771
00:50:32,026 --> 00:50:38,676
There's some suggested -- some
suggestions, that even epilepsy in children,

1772
00:50:39,106 --> 00:50:45,126
and epilepsy is a complex disease, it's not
simple, but for some, can be at least controlled

1773
00:50:45,126 --> 00:50:47,056
by eating a total ketogenic diet.

1774
00:50:47,056 --> 00:50:48,486
This is very hard to do.

1775
00:50:48,486 --> 00:50:52,536
And just eating -- and for them, if
you put them on a ketogenic diet,

1776
00:50:52,906 --> 00:50:57,386
then if they just eat one cupcake, which would
then be a refined flour, would trigger seizures.

1777
00:50:57,386 --> 00:51:01,966
There are many other factors, but this is at
least one, the person could have control over.

1778
00:51:02,116 --> 00:51:05,676
Two, I alluded to the cancers,
giving a low dose of Aflatoxin..

1779
00:51:05,676 --> 00:51:11,786
But this may also suggest that possibly,
what the foods we're now eating,

1780
00:51:12,226 --> 00:51:16,516
some of are so strange, and not
part of our evolutionary background,

1781
00:51:16,666 --> 00:51:19,846
that it may do something for
us as equally in a similar way.

1782
00:51:19,846 --> 00:51:21,536
We just don't know.

1783
00:51:21,536 --> 00:51:27,896
And then there's a case of, again, which you
will watch, multiple sclerosis, by Terry Wahls,

1784
00:51:27,896 --> 00:51:28,996
who has severe multiple sclerosis.

1785
00:51:28,996 --> 00:51:34,926
She adopts a hunting and gathering diet, and
then their diet reverses her M.S. totally.

1786
00:51:34,976 --> 00:51:38,046
You know, there are case examples,
but I think they give hints.

1787
00:51:38,046 --> 00:51:40,866
And then we need to think of foods.

1788
00:51:40,866 --> 00:51:44,226
I mean, we, you know, when look at your
tissue, look at your hand for a moment.

1789
00:51:44,916 --> 00:51:50,256
Look at -- remember, every cell in
your body, everything, your whole body,

1790
00:51:50,736 --> 00:51:54,926
is built, created from the foods we ate.

1791
00:51:54,926 --> 00:51:58,766
If you eat -- you know, think
of building a house.

1792
00:51:58,796 --> 00:52:02,256
If you have very good materials,
and you have a very good plan,

1793
00:52:02,776 --> 00:52:04,146
then the house will be very strong.

1794
00:52:04,266 --> 00:52:06,956
The plan could be your genetics
and the epigenetics.

1795
00:52:07,856 --> 00:52:15,146
But even with a very good map plan,
if you have poor materials, the house,

1796
00:52:15,146 --> 00:52:19,716
or the building you're making, will not be
as good, and would be in danger of collapse.

1797
00:52:19,716 --> 00:52:23,986
And think of it this way, and
now much of our foods for eating,

1798
00:52:24,236 --> 00:52:27,026
and partly because of the greener
revolution, which has been great.

1799
00:52:27,026 --> 00:52:29,786
It allows all of us to have
enough -- plenty of foods.

1800
00:52:29,786 --> 00:52:36,066
So this is there is always a balance, but
our Mona culture, and our processed foods,

1801
00:52:36,066 --> 00:52:40,076
may eliminate many important micronutrients.

1802
00:52:41,356 --> 00:52:42,996
You know, we're not aware of what we need.

1803
00:52:43,776 --> 00:52:46,366
Two, our pesticides and herbicides.

1804
00:52:46,366 --> 00:52:50,446
I'm just thinking of Monsanto's Roundup,
we'll do this later when we talk about food,

1805
00:52:50,446 --> 00:52:54,726
are carcinogenic and immune
suppressant, you know?

1806
00:52:54,896 --> 00:52:58,126
And then there's lots of
evidence that we -- that our --

1807
00:52:58,126 --> 00:53:05,726
the foods we eat may, or the lack of foods we
eat, may be a cause of a number of illnesses.

1808
00:53:05,816 --> 00:53:08,846
Just think of going back
during the ages of the --

1809
00:53:12,386 --> 00:53:19,126
-- you know, just think back of the age of
sailing, where sailors got scurvy, you know.

1810
00:53:19,246 --> 00:53:20,716
But why did they get scurvy?

1811
00:53:20,896 --> 00:53:23,986
Scurvy -- because the foods they
were eating was either pickled.

1812
00:53:24,526 --> 00:53:29,006
They were they were not getting enough
vitamin C, so they lost their teeth.

1813
00:53:29,006 --> 00:53:32,666
There's a massive death rate
of sailors due to scurvy.

1814
00:53:32,666 --> 00:53:38,176
It wasn't until the observation was made
that when they ate limes, citrus fruit,

1815
00:53:38,176 --> 00:53:42,146
which contained vitamin C, there are many foods
that have more Vitamin C, they don't say --

1816
00:53:42,286 --> 00:53:45,846
they start to eat those, then
they could solve that disease.

1817
00:53:45,846 --> 00:53:53,476
And then in the late 19th century, you know,
with the advent of the result of colonialization

1818
00:53:53,476 --> 00:54:01,246
in the -- in much of the world, and the
idea that brown rice was sort of, well,

1819
00:54:01,246 --> 00:54:04,636
that's for common people,
that white rice was best.

1820
00:54:04,886 --> 00:54:11,536
But the trouble was, by eating white rice,
you get rid of the Vitamin B1, thiamine,

1821
00:54:11,536 --> 00:54:15,936
and that led then to a very serious
neuro -- neurological disease, Beriberi.

1822
00:54:15,936 --> 00:54:20,276
You know, it was because we
started not eat the whole foods.

1823
00:54:20,276 --> 00:54:22,606
There's so many of these, we can think about.

1824
00:54:22,606 --> 00:54:25,986
Okay? Let me do another one
here about Spina Bifida.

1825
00:54:25,986 --> 00:54:32,306
Spina Bifida, you know, is really that the spine
does not close of the little -- of the fetus.

1826
00:54:32,786 --> 00:54:37,886
However, it can totally be almost
avoided, at least decreased, if the,

1827
00:54:37,886 --> 00:54:40,686
if the food contains enough folic acid.

1828
00:54:40,686 --> 00:54:42,616
But what do you get folic acid by?

1829
00:54:42,616 --> 00:54:47,496
By eating spinach, asparagus, turnips,
greens, legumes, many of these.

1830
00:54:47,496 --> 00:54:50,976
And organ meats, such as liver
and kidney, all can take folate.

1831
00:54:51,256 --> 00:54:52,296
You don't need to take a pill.

1832
00:54:52,526 --> 00:54:54,526
You have to eat the right foods.

1833
00:54:54,526 --> 00:54:59,006
So when I see these, that we need to
add these, these substance to the foods,

1834
00:54:59,006 --> 00:55:00,976
it's really telling me, we're
eating the wrong foods.

1835
00:55:05,146 --> 00:55:12,586
Okay? And I already talked about Vitamin C. Or
think of Omega 3, or fatty, you know, fish oils.

1836
00:55:13,406 --> 00:55:19,016
You know, the data looks very good,
that mothers, who are at high risk,

1837
00:55:19,166 --> 00:55:26,336
that's genetic for allergic disease, when they
got Omega 3 some 21 weeks of gestation to birth,

1838
00:55:27,436 --> 00:55:32,596
that there was a significant decrease
in eczema, egg allergies, and others.

1839
00:55:32,596 --> 00:55:39,026
Notice, it almost -- it went from 12% for the
controls, who didn't get it, to 7%, 15 to 9.

1840
00:55:39,366 --> 00:55:45,156
Most likely, if the mothers had had from the
beginning, at the beginning of pregnancy,

1841
00:55:45,406 --> 00:55:48,176
maybe these numbers would leave me much better.

1842
00:55:48,176 --> 00:55:53,636
And this a result at age one, so notice
the long-lasting cost by having a diet

1843
00:55:53,636 --> 00:55:56,916
that is low in Omega 3, at least.

1844
00:55:56,916 --> 00:56:03,056
And our diet right now is massively weighted
to Omega 6s, which is highly inflammatory,

1845
00:56:03,056 --> 00:56:09,266
because so much of the foods we eat are --
include corn oils, etc., which are all Omega 6s.

1846
00:56:09,266 --> 00:56:15,796
Okay? But even a changed behavior, if you
give Omega 3 supplements for six months.

1847
00:56:16,106 --> 00:56:19,976
And that's a double-blind
study for 8 to 16 year olds.

1848
00:56:20,836 --> 00:56:25,736
You know, overall, what you see
is that sort of reduction in --

1849
00:56:25,736 --> 00:56:28,556
significantly in behavior problems.

1850
00:56:28,556 --> 00:56:29,766
It's just really remarkable.

1851
00:56:30,286 --> 00:56:30,846
Okay.

1852
00:56:31,046 --> 00:56:36,956
And now I'm going to shift again to diet one
more time, going back to the exposure of getting

1853
00:56:37,096 --> 00:56:43,016
to food poisoning, which so often occurs
in our modern diet, where all of a sudden,

1854
00:56:43,016 --> 00:56:47,046
thousands of people die, or hundreds
of people die, and some -- or get sick.

1855
00:56:47,046 --> 00:56:51,336
And a few die because they ate
hamburgers, or even the romaine lettuce.

1856
00:56:51,336 --> 00:56:52,706
Here's one of romaine lettuce.

1857
00:56:52,706 --> 00:56:56,376
But the question really is, what caused it?

1858
00:56:56,376 --> 00:57:03,516
And in most cases, we would see it's caused,
basically, you know, by E. coli, right?

1859
00:57:03,516 --> 00:57:07,126
But look at -- but I would want to
argue that it's really what we have done

1860
00:57:07,126 --> 00:57:09,476
with the -- with our cows and our animals.

1861
00:57:09,476 --> 00:57:13,516
So let me take you through a
little story, why we get --

1862
00:57:13,626 --> 00:57:18,706
possibly one pathway, we get food
poisoning in one case, and not in the other.

1863
00:57:20,046 --> 00:57:25,116
Okay. The normal diet of a cow is
basically somehow grass, as is on the left,

1864
00:57:25,116 --> 00:57:28,456
but now we bring them to a feedlot
where they're getting a lot of grains.

1865
00:57:28,456 --> 00:57:31,196
The reason you do this, because
they'll bulk up very quickly.

1866
00:57:31,196 --> 00:57:36,076
However, the gastrointestinal
tract of a cow is not really --

1867
00:57:36,076 --> 00:57:41,036
it did, you know, from an evolutionary
perspective, it does not to have to process it.

1868
00:57:41,036 --> 00:57:46,036
And it changes the pH in the
cow, in the in the fecal mass.

1869
00:57:46,676 --> 00:57:48,696
Okay. And so if you look at that, at the --

1870
00:57:48,696 --> 00:57:52,446
if you look at the manure cattle
eating grass, is about 7.3.

1871
00:57:52,766 --> 00:58:01,006
Well, the manure of cattle at feedlots, with
grain, which is very high caloric value, is 5.3.

1872
00:58:01,006 --> 00:58:04,606
Now why is this important?

1873
00:58:04,606 --> 00:58:07,876
Okay. All the manure in cows contain E. coli,

1874
00:58:07,996 --> 00:58:10,316
but there are many different
versions of E. coli.

1875
00:58:10,446 --> 00:58:14,836
And they're the one that lets
us get sick, really get sick.

1876
00:58:14,836 --> 00:58:17,246
is the E. coli 0157.

1877
00:58:17,426 --> 00:58:22,616
That is an E. coli that's survives at a
very low pH, a much more acidic condition.

1878
00:58:22,616 --> 00:58:27,006
And notice, that if the manure of the cow is --

1879
00:58:27,006 --> 00:58:31,656
that eats grass is 7.3, there will
be a very low number of this E. coli,

1880
00:58:31,656 --> 00:58:35,786
because they would really survive
well at this higher pH. And then

1881
00:58:35,786 --> 00:58:38,686
when that cow gets slaughtered,
keep that in mind,

1882
00:58:38,726 --> 00:58:42,286
then probably sometimes the intestinal
contents contaminates the meat.

1883
00:58:44,246 --> 00:58:48,526
Now you eat your hamburger,
with the contamination in it.

1884
00:58:48,576 --> 00:58:51,856
But since it is the E. coli
that survives at 7.3,

1885
00:58:52,006 --> 00:58:55,996
when you now eat it, it goes into your stomach.

1886
00:58:55,996 --> 00:59:02,846
But the stomach is a pH of two, and
those E. coli essentially all get killed.

1887
00:59:02,846 --> 00:59:04,446
And so you don't get sick.

1888
00:59:04,446 --> 00:59:08,936
Now, on the other hand, if you're eating
-- if you're eating meat from the cattle,

1889
00:59:08,936 --> 00:59:15,586
from a feedlot, that has been eating
the mainly grain, its manure is 5.3.

1890
00:59:15,586 --> 00:59:22,316
And then it's in -- and you see a thousand
times more E. coli, you know, 0157,

1891
00:59:22,316 --> 00:59:27,426
which is the one that is really --
makes us very sick, as I pointed out.

1892
00:59:27,426 --> 00:59:31,126
And when you now -- and then I
multiply in the meter [phonetic] or so.

1893
00:59:31,606 --> 00:59:37,056
And now when you eat them, they go through
your stomach, but now they can survive this pH,

1894
00:59:37,056 --> 00:59:41,216
this acid [inaudible], and 10% survive that,

1895
00:59:41,216 --> 00:59:44,726
and then they start multiplying this
lethal infection in their intestines.

1896
00:59:45,806 --> 00:59:48,036
So that is really the big difference.

1897
00:59:49,346 --> 00:59:55,096
So the cure is probably not to try
to give antibiotics or anything else.

1898
00:59:55,096 --> 00:59:58,236
We would say maybe we should think
of the evolutionary background.

1899
00:59:58,236 --> 01:00:02,686
What should cattle be eating
to reduce [inaudible]?

1900
01:00:02,686 --> 01:00:10,356
So if we fed the cows hay or grass,
then the pH would stay up to 7.3,

1901
01:00:10,356 --> 01:00:16,306
and we would reduce the odds of having
this E. coli 0157, be present in the foods.

1902
01:00:16,306 --> 01:00:19,196
Because now, if the cattle that has the --

1903
01:00:19,316 --> 01:00:22,836
is from the feedlot is slaughter,
the meat is contaminated.

1904
01:00:22,836 --> 01:00:24,786
Now, when you eat it, you potentially get sick.

1905
01:00:24,856 --> 01:00:32,606
But moreover, the manure of this
cattle, at 5.3, drifts over fields

1906
01:00:32,606 --> 01:00:38,256
where there may be spinach is grown, or other
foods are grown, or a worker carries this

1907
01:00:38,256 --> 01:00:41,506
on their boots and goes to those
fields, or goes through the water.

1908
01:00:41,506 --> 01:00:47,936
Then all of a sudden, you are spraying some
fields or vegetables with this E. coli 0157,

1909
01:00:48,376 --> 01:00:51,896
and then you can get sick by
eating even the vegetables.

1910
01:00:52,026 --> 01:00:53,706
Okay, I think that's enough.

1911
01:00:54,756 --> 01:00:58,456
Okay? And then there's so many
other factors, I can keep going,

1912
01:00:58,456 --> 01:01:03,166
that the foods we eat also change our bacteria.

1913
01:01:03,166 --> 01:01:09,936
Remember, the foods we eat affect which
colonies of bacteria increase or decrease.

1914
01:01:09,966 --> 01:01:14,636
But most of the foods, we now eat, look
the same, and are totally different.

1915
01:01:14,636 --> 01:01:19,746
Almost all the grain, corn, soy,
processed foods and meats contain low level

1916
01:01:19,746 --> 01:01:24,816
of Monsanto's produced herbicides, Roundup,
and other herbicides and pesticides.

1917
01:01:26,286 --> 01:01:33,336
And those -- and they, in fact, suppress
some of the healthy human biome bacteria,

1918
01:01:33,576 --> 01:01:37,376
and allow the more pathological
ones to continue.

1919
01:01:37,646 --> 01:01:40,986
Possibly, this, we may have
messed up, they go back

1920
01:01:40,986 --> 01:01:43,556
and think how we're living in the first place.

1921
01:01:43,556 --> 01:01:46,236
Remember, we are an ecological system.

1922
01:01:46,806 --> 01:01:48,216
I want to underline this.

1923
01:01:48,426 --> 01:01:52,856
We -- and now move even more to a
slight different perspective on this,

1924
01:01:52,856 --> 01:01:58,656
to some illnesses that evolved with
parasites, bacteria and viruses, you know.

1925
01:01:58,656 --> 01:02:04,726
And when we eliminate some of those bacteria
or parasites, the balance is disrupting.

1926
01:02:04,726 --> 01:02:06,026
The pathology can occur.

1927
01:02:06,026 --> 01:02:10,406
Some of you have experienced that
already when you've taken antibiotics.

1928
01:02:10,406 --> 01:02:15,206
Often more women may have experienced that
more -- when they have no problems at all,

1929
01:02:15,206 --> 01:02:18,506
then they took an antibiotics
even, even maybe for acne.

1930
01:02:18,506 --> 01:02:24,026
And then the antibiotic not only killed a
whole class of bacteria in their GI tract,

1931
01:02:24,026 --> 01:02:28,076
but also in the vaginal barrel, and
then they developed a yeast infection.

1932
01:02:29,026 --> 01:02:34,206
Because when you remove certain groups
of bacteria, others will take over.

1933
01:02:34,726 --> 01:02:38,106
So what is critical is the
balance, and I want to talk about.

1934
01:02:38,106 --> 01:02:41,156
And that's all that you'll be
reading in the book by Blaser,

1935
01:02:41,446 --> 01:02:42,766
which really looks at the human biome.

1936
01:02:42,766 --> 01:02:47,626
But I want to go back now for a moment
about our parasites, bacteria and viruses.

1937
01:02:47,626 --> 01:02:49,296
We've lived with those forever.

1938
01:02:49,766 --> 01:02:51,176
We live in symbiosis.

1939
01:02:51,176 --> 01:02:55,646
That is really where the bacteria are
mutual, you know, we live together.

1940
01:02:55,646 --> 01:02:57,406
And they're in different categories.

1941
01:02:57,616 --> 01:03:01,366
In mutualism, we both benefit, and
many bacteria benefit by living

1942
01:03:01,366 --> 01:03:04,226
with us, and we benefit from them.

1943
01:03:04,226 --> 01:03:08,896
Then there's commensal, which is where one
benefits, but not the other one doesn't.

1944
01:03:08,896 --> 01:03:10,306
There's no harm, you know.

1945
01:03:10,306 --> 01:03:15,326
And the final one is very truly a parasite,
where one benefits and the other one is harmed,

1946
01:03:15,446 --> 01:03:17,106
and the harm can be very [inaudible].

1947
01:03:17,106 --> 01:03:23,566
If you're intrigued in parasites, specifically,
a great older book, which I really like is

1948
01:03:23,566 --> 01:03:26,676
by Rob Dunn, "The Wildlife of our Bodies".

1949
01:03:26,676 --> 01:03:28,976
It's really the epidemic of absence.

1950
01:03:28,976 --> 01:03:32,966
It's a way of understanding
autoimmune illnesses, you know.

1951
01:03:33,036 --> 01:03:34,786
But let me give this as an example.

1952
01:03:35,266 --> 01:03:40,146
In the 1930s and 40s, nearly
half American children had worms.

1953
01:03:40,146 --> 01:03:46,246
And if you go all around the
world, in third-world countries,

1954
01:03:46,246 --> 01:03:50,406
except in a weird [phonetic] world, that's
Western, educated, industrialized, rich,

1955
01:03:50,816 --> 01:03:57,166
democratic countries, many people
had little worms, you know,

1956
01:03:57,166 --> 01:03:59,436
sometimes like whipworms and others.

1957
01:03:59,606 --> 01:04:03,286
In most cases, they were very benign,
unless you had too many of them.

1958
01:04:03,286 --> 01:04:06,376
There are some bits you never want to get.

1959
01:04:06,866 --> 01:04:11,956
Okay. And one way that, in the 1930s, most of
people had it, just like your dog has worms

1960
01:04:12,446 --> 01:04:17,396
at times, okay, but to it -- but usually
the way you would avoid getting worms is

1961
01:04:17,396 --> 01:04:19,696
that you would not have to
walk on human fecal mass.

1962
01:04:19,696 --> 01:04:22,366
So what you then did is,
but you, if you wore shoes

1963
01:04:22,366 --> 01:04:25,076
and used indoor toilet, you're
less likely to get it.

1964
01:04:26,466 --> 01:04:32,546
But what is so interesting is that a disease
called "Crohn disease" did not exist in places

1965
01:04:32,546 --> 01:04:36,186
where people -- generally didn't have
place where people have intestinal worms.

1966
01:04:36,186 --> 01:04:41,186
But as the intestinal worms have become
very rare, which we have done in the US,

1967
01:04:41,186 --> 01:04:44,856
and many other places, all
of a sudden, we get this --

1968
01:04:44,856 --> 01:04:48,956
much worse, and the whole serious
illness called "Crohn's disease".

1969
01:04:49,046 --> 01:04:50,806
Now worms is always relevant.

1970
01:04:50,806 --> 01:04:55,046
Having a few worms in you, and
many of you -- they would --

1971
01:04:55,226 --> 01:04:59,286
you would intake them, and they would
multiply you, you would excrete the eggs,

1972
01:04:59,286 --> 01:05:01,666
and it would be one cycle
till you get reinfected.

1973
01:05:01,666 --> 01:05:03,026
Others could be very harmful.

1974
01:05:03,026 --> 01:05:09,006
But in many cases, they could be more, you
know, they would just do a tiniest harm.

1975
01:05:09,006 --> 01:05:11,146
It's only if you're highly malnutritioned,

1976
01:05:11,146 --> 01:05:14,026
and other issues were going
on, that it was very harmful.

1977
01:05:14,026 --> 01:05:19,376
And remember, I want to underline again,
most people had experience of worms

1978
01:05:19,376 --> 01:05:23,956
until the 20th century, but by
having better hygiene, wearing shoes,

1979
01:05:23,956 --> 01:05:27,676
and children are now growing up
without ever having had worms.

1980
01:05:28,706 --> 01:05:32,636
And the worms can live in our, you
know, GI tract, or a bloodstream.

1981
01:05:32,636 --> 01:05:34,216
I'm not recommending them in a bloodstream.

1982
01:05:34,216 --> 01:05:40,896
And to survive, however, to survive
within the host, worms must interact with,

1983
01:05:40,896 --> 01:05:43,996
and change those immune system, you see.

1984
01:05:43,996 --> 01:05:47,546
And some worms can cause disease, but
many are not possibly even harmful,

1985
01:05:47,546 --> 01:05:50,576
and may even be beneficial
for our immune system.

1986
01:05:50,576 --> 01:05:52,416
That's hard to believe, I know, conceptually.

1987
01:05:53,566 --> 01:06:01,836
But you could argue, if we live for as
long as we know, with some parasites,

1988
01:06:02,156 --> 01:06:06,076
our immune system would then be
in a kind of balance with the,

1989
01:06:06,376 --> 01:06:09,306
with these parasites, or with these worms.

1990
01:06:09,656 --> 01:06:15,326
And also, if you take these worms away, then
our immune system may not know how to cope.

1991
01:06:15,326 --> 01:06:22,096
So it is now believed that the inflammatory
bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease,

1992
01:06:22,096 --> 01:06:29,636
is really partial -- is partially caused
by dysregulation of mucosal immune system.

1993
01:06:29,836 --> 01:06:34,186
You know, so we see this massive
increase in Crohn's disease.

1994
01:06:34,816 --> 01:06:40,856
If, on the other hand, if during childhood,
you get exposures to helminths, that's worms,

1995
01:06:40,976 --> 01:06:44,496
they somehow talk to your immune
system, or they produce something

1996
01:06:44,496 --> 01:06:47,046
which tells the immune system, "Hey, slow down.

1997
01:06:47,246 --> 01:06:48,826
I'm just here as a passenger.

1998
01:06:48,826 --> 01:06:49,746
I won't do too much.

1999
01:06:49,746 --> 01:06:51,406
Just keep it cool."

2000
01:06:51,406 --> 01:06:52,476
I'm making this up.

2001
01:06:52,476 --> 01:06:58,696
And then the as if it -- it
dampens down the inflammation.

2002
01:06:59,416 --> 01:07:04,756
But without that experience, the immune
system has no, has no way to change.

2003
01:07:04,786 --> 01:07:07,886
And this is one of the hypothesized
Joel Weinstock,

2004
01:07:07,886 --> 01:07:11,226
and he has done some very
interesting studies on using helminth,

2005
01:07:11,226 --> 01:07:13,606
parasitic worms, to help the immune system.

2006
01:07:14,036 --> 01:07:17,836
As I pointed out earlier,
the disease, Crohn's disease,

2007
01:07:17,836 --> 01:07:22,296
is a very difficult illness on our GI tract.

2008
01:07:22,296 --> 01:07:24,416
It's where our immune system is attacking,

2009
01:07:24,416 --> 01:07:27,576
and when it causes horrible
abdominal pain, skin rashes, right?

2010
01:07:27,576 --> 01:07:28,946
It's just truly difficult.

2011
01:07:30,066 --> 01:07:32,116
Okay? It's just a disaster.

2012
01:07:32,116 --> 01:07:39,156
And it now estimates 1/3rd, three million
people have this, at least in the United States.

2013
01:07:39,156 --> 01:07:44,286
And one of the ways, if you think about
it, how come Crohn's disease does not exist

2014
01:07:44,286 --> 01:07:46,456
in third world countries,
because people have worms?

2015
01:07:46,456 --> 01:07:52,936
That's a hypothesis, by the way, but people
have been doing episodic experiments on this.

2016
01:07:53,366 --> 01:07:57,776
And now in a more systematic study by
Joel Weinstock, he took chronic people,

2017
01:07:57,846 --> 01:08:01,816
with chronic Crohn's disease,
they now gave them worms.

2018
01:08:01,816 --> 01:08:04,176
Now, you know, whipworm, it's just benign.

2019
01:08:04,176 --> 01:08:05,636
It doesn't do any harm.

2020
01:08:05,886 --> 01:08:07,056
You know, you put little eggs in it.

2021
01:08:07,056 --> 01:08:08,316
You don't even know you're swallowing them.

2022
01:08:09,046 --> 01:08:13,426
And what happened in this study of these 29
patients, four patients, "Oh, yuck, worms.

2023
01:08:13,426 --> 01:08:14,306
I don't want to do this."

2024
01:08:14,306 --> 01:08:16,786
So they got a medication
to get rid of the worms.

2025
01:08:17,246 --> 01:08:22,496
But in 24 weeks, all by one patient was
doing -- 21 patients were in remission.

2026
01:08:23,906 --> 01:08:25,886
Now, that is remarkable.

2027
01:08:26,746 --> 01:08:31,356
Their bodies were much healthier than
when they had -- now, they had parasites.

2028
01:08:31,356 --> 01:08:36,386
And so, you know, this is very suggestive,
and it's a similar model you see later,

2029
01:08:36,386 --> 01:08:41,696
as you'll be reading in the book by Blaser,
about the whole part of our human biome,

2030
01:08:41,696 --> 01:08:43,906
that when they're empty, then there's absence.

2031
01:08:43,906 --> 01:08:51,066
And remember to underline, going back
again to the inflammatory GI disorders,

2032
01:08:51,066 --> 01:08:55,496
promising remedial acts against
irritable bowel disease,

2033
01:08:55,496 --> 01:08:58,796
and other allergic autoimmune
illnesses, is helminth therapy.

2034
01:08:58,796 --> 01:09:04,516
It can also be probably bacterial
therapy, or human biome therapy.

2035
01:09:04,516 --> 01:09:07,836
Cure with helminth therapy seems
to me that was effective therapy

2036
01:09:07,836 --> 01:09:10,816
in the irritable bowel disease
currently proposed.

2037
01:09:11,496 --> 01:09:17,176
Okay? And now I'll jump even more
that the human biome is active

2038
01:09:17,176 --> 01:09:18,766
and a vital participant in our lives.

2039
01:09:18,766 --> 01:09:25,216
Remember, more than a half of your -- of the
DNA in your body are bacteria, our human biome.

2040
01:09:25,706 --> 01:09:26,516
And that's critical.

2041
01:09:26,516 --> 01:09:28,246
So do look at the book like Blaser.

2042
01:09:28,816 --> 01:09:33,016
And we get these exposures to these
different ones, in many different ways.

2043
01:09:33,016 --> 01:09:34,466
You know, kids play in the dirt.

2044
01:09:34,466 --> 01:09:36,876
Eating dirt is very helpful.

2045
01:09:38,806 --> 01:09:43,276
You know, you know, our GI tract,
these bacteria produce serotonin.

2046
01:09:43,276 --> 01:09:47,896
And many, in fact, interestingly,
many of our antibiotics are derived

2047
01:09:47,896 --> 01:09:51,346
from material, you know, grown in dirt.

2048
01:09:51,826 --> 01:09:52,686
So play the dirt.

2049
01:09:52,686 --> 01:09:53,446
It's much better.

2050
01:09:53,446 --> 01:09:58,356
Okay? And maybe we shouldn't be
using so many antimicrobial soaps.

2051
01:09:58,826 --> 01:10:03,726
You know, possibly, yes, if you know
someone is infectious, do wash your hands.

2052
01:10:03,726 --> 01:10:06,796
And after bathroom, use -- wash your hands.

2053
01:10:07,026 --> 01:10:12,836
But most likely, don't use antimicrobial
soaps, because basically, you are developing --

2054
01:10:12,876 --> 01:10:17,746
you get rid of the healthy bacteria, and
maybe leave a place for unhealthy bacteria.

2055
01:10:18,186 --> 01:10:24,886
And as I said earlier, our human body is made of
many cells, at least half of those in our body,

2056
01:10:24,886 --> 01:10:27,986
so more are bacterial, non-human cells.

2057
01:10:28,256 --> 01:10:29,566
It's most interesting.

2058
01:10:30,206 --> 01:10:36,336
And there's so many factors that affect the gut
bacteria, which includes the birthing process,

2059
01:10:36,336 --> 01:10:40,116
the breastfeeding exposure,
dirt, antibiotic exposures, diet.

2060
01:10:40,566 --> 01:10:42,066
And they all are interactive.

2061
01:10:42,546 --> 01:10:45,606
And I think, on that note, I will stop.

2062
01:10:46,176 --> 01:10:49,396
But keep thinking of the
evolutionary background.

2063
01:10:49,776 --> 01:10:57,036
What are you doing now, that your great, great,
great grandparents would have no idea about?

2064
01:10:57,926 --> 01:11:05,956
It -- and it's likely that those novelties could
be harmful, or increase in allostatic load,

2065
01:11:05,956 --> 01:11:11,926
and it could be a co-contributor to many
of these inflammatory diseases we have now.