[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.84,0:00:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Living in harmony with\Nyour evolutionary past Part 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.31,0:00:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an asynchronous presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.26,0:00:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we all know, we are part of parcel of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.70,0:00:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it always reminds me when\Nwe look at our genetics and DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.21,0:00:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, genetically, we're -- And even to\Nbananas, we are 60% genetically similar to a cow
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.41,0:00:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 80%, to a mouse 85, to a cat 90,\Nto a chimpanzee 96% genetically similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.75,0:00:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all modern humans are\N99.9% genetically similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.59,0:00:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a way, we are almost controlled in a\Nway or modulated by our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.28,0:00:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And no -- And any variation of that\Nmay make life more challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.73,0:01:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anyway, it sometimes then helps to ask\Nthe question, on reflection, how did we evolve
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.69,0:01:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how did we live for those\Nthousands of generations?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.40,0:01:07.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go back 50,000 years ago, how did we live?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.49,0:01:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were hunting, gatherers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We ate all variety of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.33,0:01:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We lived in small clans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.95,0:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, people died in childbirth,\Npeople died in accidents,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.14,0:01:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some lived till the age 90 just as much.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There may have been a deduction in some\Nof the illnesses we now so commonly have,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.79,0:01:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as our inflammatory illnesses, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.67,0:01:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what kind of foods did people\Neat by which they allowed themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.43,0:01:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to survive, by which we survived?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.18,0:01:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we move?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.84,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we take rest?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What constitute our social systems\Nwhich is probably a small claim.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.10,0:01:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those factors still are\Nseen in our behavior today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.73,0:01:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still react.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.38,0:01:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still live and optimally when we accept and\Nlive in harmony with our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.14,0:02:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this presentation will focus more on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.24,0:02:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of it is that I look around and\NI'm also shocked of how many young children
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.19,0:02:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adults have now autoimmune illnesses, have\Ncognitive disorders such as ADHD or, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.30,0:02:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how many have other illnesses is listed here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.01,0:02:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how come many of these -- Those\Ndiseases were mainly absent in rural Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.29,0:02:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much more common in the\Nindustrialized first world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.54,0:02:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see this kind of epidemic of\Nautoimmune illnesses, of allergies increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.11,0:02:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and increasing all around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.06,0:02:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then how come one third of\NAmerican children are now prediabetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.73,0:02:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is really a horrible\Nprediction for the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.63,0:02:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come there's such an\Nincrease in nearsightedness?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.64,0:02:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come cancer, Alzheimer's disease, appears\Nto be occurring earlier than ever before?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.32,0:03:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how come these diseases are occurring\Nmore frequently and were almost absent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.42,0:03:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your grandparents' generation or\Nin our non-industrialized people?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.42,0:03:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the interesting questions to me\Nbecause they ask not just what can we do
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.25,0:03:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat these disorders, what\Ncan we do to treat allergies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.69,0:03:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's remarkable that we can do some of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.17,0:03:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is it that we need to do to\Npotentially prevent it and optimize our health?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.99,0:03:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is really the sense\Nof trying to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.75,0:03:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in harmony of our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.23,0:03:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And statistically, as you can see very well\Non this slide, that many of the illnesses
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.93,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are infectious disease is either by\Nviruses or by bacteria have now been reduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.68,0:03:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at hepatitis A going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.36,0:03:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TB has been going down, mumps and measles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.19,0:03:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that looks like it's\Nonly due to vaccinations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.22,0:03:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but many of these were already going\Ndown before vaccinations ever occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.69,0:03:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look how we have this epidemic, in a\Nway, of these more autoimmune-like illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.38,0:04:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, whether it's Crohn's disease,\Nthat's a gastrointestinal disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.81,0:04:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or type 1 diabetes, asthma, multiple sclerosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.12,0:04:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's really -- It's shocking when you\Nthink of that, you know, of this radical change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.60,0:04:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also see that it's so interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.50,0:04:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says mainly those diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.58,0:04:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those inflammatory diseases are\Nthose from the Western hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.44,0:04:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the graph underneath and\Nlook at Western Europe and the Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.63,0:04:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the United States, and you see\Nit's almost totally absent in --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.43,0:04:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or much less in the other parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.31,0:04:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, and then -- You can\Nlook at a rate of the increase
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.64,0:04:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in autism from very low to now very high.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.36,0:04:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's true that some of this is more\Npowerful diagnostic ways of doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.46,0:04:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We may recognize it when in the past\Nit was not recognized as a disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.46,0:04:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also looks like a real phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.72,0:04:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And then you look at many of\Nthe allergies we have, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.51,0:04:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just think, -- I keep thinking of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.22,0:05:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I used to remember flying, and when I\Nflew people would be serving peanuts and nuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.98,0:05:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the concept of having peanut allergy\Njust wasn't part of my awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.12,0:05:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you ask your grandparents, when they go\Nback and think of their childhood and they were
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.29,0:05:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in school, how many of them\Nknew people who had allergies?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.97,0:05:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many will say, maybe only one in 40.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.97,0:05:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now our students, one third of us will\Nsay, gosh, I have some reactivity allergic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.88,0:05:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it may because we have been\Nchanging our world so much,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.13,0:05:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are now living away from\Nour evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.37,0:05:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, look at it, for\Nexample, about hay fever.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.90,0:05:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hay fever was first described\Nin 1819 by John Bostock.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.54,0:05:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know -- And it occurred really among\Npeople of higher class and living in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.13,0:05:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of it is that if you were a\Nfarm child or living in the farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.48,0:05:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would be continually exposed to\Nthese, the materials from the hay,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.01,0:05:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore you would not\Ndevelop this allergy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.19,0:06:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And similar phenomena seems to be has occurred\Nfor irritable bowel disease and Crohn's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.84,0:06:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was first described in\N1932 by Burrill Crohn, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.73,0:06:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he described this necrotizing\Ninflammation scarring of the intestines.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.74,0:06:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this disease clearly is associated\Nwith social class and wealth and the more --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.39,0:06:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And being more and more removed\Nfrom any part of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.06,0:06:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be one little per 10,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.07,0:06:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's even one per 200.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.06,0:06:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just shocking to think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.72,0:06:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then why is it that these\Nhave all increased?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.71,0:06:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am not saying I know the answers at\Nall, but I'm looking at possible causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.59,0:06:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think we can say it's genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.60,0:06:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think genetics, in many\Ncases, you look at that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.07,0:06:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can find a genetic,\Nyou know, link that is clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.27,0:07:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in most cases, genetics, you know,\Nonly provides the possibility, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.44,0:07:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the environment that it\Npulls the trigger to expose it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.36,0:07:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you may have a genetic\Npredisposition to gain weight
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.81,0:07:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thereby potentially get\Nmore type 2 diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.02,0:07:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you don't eat the foods that\Ndo this, you most likely won't get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.53,0:07:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? So look at it over the last 30 years,\Nwe have now increased in allergies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.58,0:07:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, how come all this may occur?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.08,0:07:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are many factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.18,0:07:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm only listing a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.52,0:07:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure many of you can add many more.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.78,0:07:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are all probably correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.27,0:07:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is very difficult to identify that\Nbecause if you do animal studies, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.17,0:07:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not totally the same as animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.44,0:07:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We sometimes can't eat the same foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.21,0:07:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, it is not totally the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.13,0:07:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are hidden at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.63,0:07:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's just list a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.44,0:07:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, it's during pregnancy, the fetus experience\Neither a kind of alcohol malnutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.05,0:07:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's affluent malnutrition\Nin the Western world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.69,0:08:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it really means probably inappropriate\Namount of essential nutrients or an exposure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.03,0:08:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to endocrine dysregulating chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.10,0:08:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all the plastics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.14,0:08:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The -- These are all the pesticides, herbicides,\Nand the many things we ingest without knowing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.82,0:08:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in fact act as endocrine there's,\Nyou know, systems dysregulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.11,0:08:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then because of finance, in many cases\Nsocioeconomic inequality during the first year
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.99,0:08:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of life, we don't allow babies to\Nbreastfeed and bond and possibly
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.39,0:08:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to concurrent malnutrition by giving formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.06,0:08:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by giving formula, you also\Nmiss the transmission of immune --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.52,0:08:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate immune cells which you\Nhave gotten from the breast milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.34,0:08:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then during early childhood and life, we get\Nexposed to endocrine dysregulating substances,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.08,0:08:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plastics, which you're all exposed to\Noften act as estrogens, the pesticides,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.76,0:09:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the herbicides, they all may\Naffect our immune system.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.29,0:09:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, then we have this\Nmassive exposure to antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.02,0:09:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotics are great.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.14,0:09:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, gosh, if you have a bacterial\Ninfection, you're going to die.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.22,0:09:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please get the appropriate antibiotic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.72,0:09:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, in so many cases\Nit's used inappropriately.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.70,0:09:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what antibiotics do to you is they basically\Nremove or kill whole groups of bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.41,0:09:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are essential for our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.77,0:09:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in fact, we have an impoverished human biome.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.18,0:09:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have excessive hygiene by\Nwhich in many ways we are no longer exposed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.51,0:09:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to some viruses or bacteria which\Nin the past would have immunized us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.58,0:09:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see this now coming\Nup in the post-pandemic
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.03,0:09:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many people have been\Nseparated from each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.89,0:09:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now when we meet again, all of a\Nsudden, we have an increase in flus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.100,0:09:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's nothing new to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.15,0:09:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has been observed before in\Nthe expeditions to the Antarctica.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.02,0:09:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people in the Antarctica would go a\Nscientist, they would then be living there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.100,0:10:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the Antarctica winter would occur\Nthey would no new people meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.30,0:10:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And first upon -- When they first got together,\Nthere were a number of flus and illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.34,0:10:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now they were all exposed,\Nno new bacteria came in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.28,0:10:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the next six months or however\Nmuch time it is, none of them got sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.51,0:10:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People did get sick of other diseases, but not\Nof bacterial or viral infections, basically.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.65,0:10:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the first visitor came and all
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.75,0:10:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a sudden people would get\Ntheir colds or flus again.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.05,0:10:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by not being exposed, we\Nput ourselves more at risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.53,0:10:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that our lifestyle in a\Nway has really shifted so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.52,0:10:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we're so much -- We sit so\Nmuch, we have so much lack of movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.31,0:10:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have lights that interfere\Nin fact with our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.16,0:10:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Light at night, for example,\Nmaybe -- may affect, not only may,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.87,0:11:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does affect our diurnal rhythms,\Nour daily rhythms, because light,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.49,0:11:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially blue component of\Nlight, tends to suppress melatonin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.10,0:11:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's one of the factors people have\Nhypothesized is why young girls are developing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.18,0:11:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earlier menarche immediately.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.84,0:11:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first menstruation occurred\Nbecause they have lights on at night
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.62,0:11:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which disturbs their biological rhythms\Nas well as increased weight and fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.55,0:11:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many other factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.25,0:11:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But overall, you could\Nargue that a number of this kind
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.53,0:11:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of newer illnesses are the\Nresult of our lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.22,0:11:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely, we have disrespected our evolutionary\Norigins without realizing that we are part
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.14,0:11:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this intrinsic web that\Nincludes diet, movement, parasites,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.46,0:11:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological rhythms, bacteria,\Nyou name it, viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.30,0:11:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're all part of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.79,0:11:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in many cases, some are -- Or in\Nmany cases dysfunction can be reversed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.85,0:11:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe even prevented by respecting and\Nreturning to our evolutionary origins.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.07,0:12:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data is overwhelming.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.16,0:12:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have people, for example, who get up\Nand do significant amount of movement tend
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.35,0:12:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have less cardiovascular disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.45,0:12:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice that's a dysfunction\Nwhich can be reversed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.74,0:12:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating less sugar and simple carbohydrates,\Nwhich is not part of our evolutionary past,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.79,0:12:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would mean that they would not develop\Ntype 2 diabetes or much less likely.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.54,0:12:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a way, it goes right back to\Nthe simple rules of health, but --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.11,0:12:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which we described earlier by Nassim Taleb.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.58,0:12:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything that was not part of our\Nevolutionary past is probably harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.17,0:12:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to underline again,\Nanything that was novel and not part
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.38,0:12:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our evolutionary past is probably harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.45,0:12:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And probably we don't need evidence\Nof harm to claim that a drug
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.82,0:12:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any unnatural procedure is dangerous,\Neven if that harm does not yet exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.62,0:12:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, the easiest way to\Noptimize health is to remove the,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.24,0:12:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what he would call via negativity,\Nremove the unnatural, the unfamiliar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.53,0:12:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, just think of reducing lung cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.65,0:13:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what people have demonstrated\Nvery clearly by stopping smoking
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.22,0:13:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the function and the\Nirritation of the airways.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.20,0:13:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden, lung cancer is decreased and\Na number of other illnesses are increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.78,0:13:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although right now we are seeing an\Nincreased epidemic of the use of e-cigarettes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.40,0:13:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will again lead to a future epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.04,0:13:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. Remember, from an evolutionary\Nperspective, let me outline.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.03,0:13:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Genes survive and prosper if their\Nreproductive fitness increases.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.90,0:13:32.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the changes in our external environment\Ncontinually impacts the natural selection
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.100,0:13:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of genes named our reproductive fitness.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.14,0:13:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Novel and increased inputs\Nreduces our reproductive fitness.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.60,0:13:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you could say act as an allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.89,0:13:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nature and natural selection\Nfavors those mutations, those genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.91,0:13:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those behaviors that enhance the\Nreproductive fitness with these novel stimuli.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.65,0:13:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, by -- Thereby you\Nlose the allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.22,0:13:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you keep in mind that is\Nespecially true for younger people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.88,0:14:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people, you know, in their 20s and 30s.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.59,0:14:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once you have given birth or an older adult,\Nremember, you're not going to reproduce anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.62,0:14:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then those illnesses have much -- are much\Nless affected by this evolutionary perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.68,0:14:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would not expect that\NAlzheimer's is impacted by this
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.66,0:14:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's no natural selection.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.77,0:14:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have already reproduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.29,0:14:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But remember to underline\Nthis again, natural selections.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.42,0:14:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals best adapted to their surroundings\Nenjoy increased reproductive success.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.56,0:14:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They pass on the traits adaptive or\Nsometimes even maladaptive or neutral
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.01,0:14:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their descendants, who gradually constitute\Na greater proportion of the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.95,0:14:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, we carry this imprint\Nof our biological heritage in us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.65,0:14:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's useful to say how and what were we\Ndoing earlier on that allowed us to be us now.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.98,0:15:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I want to underline this even\Nmore, but this is very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.76,0:15:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's have that selection.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.35,0:15:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are wired for whatever\Nhabitat we are involved in.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.93,0:15:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biologists who study animals in the wild\Ndescribe this as habitat selection theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.37,0:15:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the general rule is that animals who\Nare in their natural habitat do much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.35,0:15:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They thrive both physically and psychologically\Nand social behavior compared to animals
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.65,0:15:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are placed in unnatural\Nhabitat such as a zoo.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.80,0:15:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They most likely evolved in the forest of\NAfrica without the presence of digital displays.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.56,0:15:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, by just sitting in front\Nof digital displays the whole time,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.19,0:15:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just sitting the whole time, we\Nprobably are reducing our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.48,0:15:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people have called sitting the, you know,\Nour -- The new epidemic of smoking, basically.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.23,0:15:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've said many times before is that\Ngenetics only loads the gun, but our behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.15,0:15:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and environment pulls the trigger.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.20,0:15:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I like that phrase a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.19,0:16:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me look at it give an example how our\Nenvironment may cause us to develop illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.24,0:16:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called -- The concept is\Nevolutionary or ecological traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.86,0:16:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evolutionary/ecological traps occur
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.25,0:16:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when formerly adaptive habitat preference\Nbecome maladaptive, meaning they become harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.26,0:16:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the cues they individually\Npreferentially use
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.22,0:16:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in selecting habitat may now lead to\Nlower fitness than other alternatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.03,0:16:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that whatever adaptive\Nhabits of preference we evolve for,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.57,0:16:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we allow that to happen\Ntoo much, it may lead to illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.41,0:16:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me give a remarkable example of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.23,0:16:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is with the birds in the\NPacific called the albatross.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.09,0:16:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you go to Midway\NIsland, it's just shocking.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.46,0:16:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Midway -- On Midway Island, you see\Nthese many carcasses of these birds.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.93,0:16:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the skeletons, you can see\Nthe feathers, and you see what was left
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.50,0:16:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over in a gastrointestinal tract.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.72,0:16:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at all the pieces of plastic, how was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.75,0:16:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come? And so many are dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.78,0:17:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think of the albatross\Ngoing over the ocean from Midway.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.54,0:17:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There -- That's an island which is\N2,000 miles away from any other islands.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.79,0:17:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the bird lives, you know -- Eats the fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.82,0:17:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it goes -- It is flying over the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.59,0:17:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sees some shimmering in the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.72,0:17:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like a fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.37,0:17:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those birds for evolution,\Nwho, you know, who have adopted
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.13,0:17:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could identify this the quickest and the\Nmost, they would then dive, they would eat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.51,0:17:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,swallow it, and then possibly\Nregurgitate it to their chicks.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.22,0:17:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, however, that same shimmering in the\Nwater now is our small piece of plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.69,0:17:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are coated also by the algae.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.89,0:17:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it has some of the similar\Nouter taste initially.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.76,0:17:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now what happens is the birds now\Ntake this plastic and swallow it as food.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.89,0:17:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, do we say these birds are stupid or are\Nwe at fault that we have created this world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.74,0:18:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where these birds, we made such a radical shift?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.23,0:18:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these birds were evolved to\Nbe able to see that shimmering,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.31,0:18:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would then go at it and now they would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.04,0:18:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is a very, you know\N-- It looks really challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.62,0:18:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as Professor E.O. Wilson stated, organisms\Nwhen housed in unfit habitats undergo social,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.90,0:18:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychological, and physiological breakdown.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.48,0:18:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here then you see that the\Nhabitat radically changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.54,0:18:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The animal cell is wired to find\Nthat shimmering object as food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.95,0:18:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now it's no longer food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.93,0:18:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to keep this down because are we --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.50,0:18:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What other evolutionary or environmental\Ntraps are there for people today?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.17,0:18:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, just if you took out a piece\Nof paper, think of things that may --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.48,0:18:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may be doing which you automatically do,\Nbut basically are triggered by the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.11,0:19:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you have evolved for that to respond?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.09,0:19:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause. I'll pause.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.47,0:19:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't pause.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.35,0:19:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause the computer for write\Nthem down and let's check it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.05,0:19:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me just think a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.05,0:19:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, we react to cues of food automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.29,0:19:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see food, we may become hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.96,0:19:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We smell it, we become hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.04,0:19:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We, you know -- automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.43,0:19:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, why?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.17,0:19:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we need food for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.46,0:19:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, for millions of years probably,\Nyou know, food was only challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.26,0:19:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always had to hunt for food.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.52,0:19:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, we have really no\Nmechanisms easily to stop eating.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.01,0:19:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is especially true for sugars.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.77,0:19:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all foods that are sweet\Nare usually not poisonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.80,0:19:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I knew that -- know that the\Npaint, you know, lead paint is sweet
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.15,0:19:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you chew it, the pieca it is called.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.93,0:19:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, that's not the rare things.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.74,0:19:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most other things in nature that\Nare sweet are -- represent calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.57,0:20:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, we want to eat them because\Nwe need the calories for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.40,0:20:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we don't have an off switch easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.08,0:20:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same thing will be true for fats.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.63,0:20:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we -- When the cue of food is shown to\Nus, we react to eat or want to eat or hunger.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.85,0:20:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll show that in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.33,0:20:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And the similar part is I think for\Nreproduction, you know, we, you know --
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.22,0:20:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's probably the drive\Nby pornography is such --
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.79,0:20:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is probably the biggest bandwidth on\Nthe Internet because there are cues
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.99,0:20:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which said survival that leads to --\Nmaybe because we want for reproduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.02,0:20:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have all the cues\Naround us for protection.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.69,0:20:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We remember are -- we're historically prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.26,0:20:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were other animals that saw us for food.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.65,0:20:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we always had to be very careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.25,0:20:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to look around and be vigilant.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.30,0:20:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still all are.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.04,0:20:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now however all those cues which of\Nsounds, of changing objects around cause us
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.70,0:20:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to react all the time and where\N-- which captures our attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.06,0:21:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, no wonder we tend to\Nget addicted to computer games.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.03,0:21:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we sit and we watch one next, you know --
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.97,0:21:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We start to watch a Netflix series\Nautomatically we keep sitting there,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.03,0:21:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the next sequence pops up and we\Ndon't change because we're captured by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.91,0:21:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then for survival in small groups, for --
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.10,0:21:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In clans, we need to know\Nwho the power structure was.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.84,0:21:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as we, you know, mature, we\Nwant to be part of the power structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.19,0:21:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really exclude.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.18,0:21:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to know what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.41,0:21:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in some sense, you could say\Nthat's our social media addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.60,0:21:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's basic and\Nit's triggered that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.16,0:21:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our bodies really want to rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.27,0:21:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why expend energy when there's not\Nenough energy you have or calories?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.45,0:21:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So anytime you could rest, you would do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.84,0:21:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that quickly leads to excess\Nsitting and lack of movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.31,0:21:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, we didn't have to go to\Nthe gym, we didn't have to go jogging.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.48,0:21:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our whole world included that physicalness.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.58,0:22:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so now, however, it doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.57,0:22:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there are many other things that occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.57,0:22:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Light, we want to be active,\Nwe want to be involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.05,0:22:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, light, artificial light which keeps us\Nawake, keeps us active, also reduces our rest,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.47,0:22:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interferes with melatonin, affects\Nour circadian rhythms, et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.83,0:22:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the final pieces, from my\Nperspective, the brain cannot, I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.39,0:22:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discriminate between actual\Nand visual auditory images.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.90,0:22:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we watch a film in front of\Nus for our brain this is really real.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.71,0:22:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you, we all would say, yes, I know it's\Na -- It is a drama, it's a play, it isn't real.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.75,0:22:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet for our body, this is the first\Ntime in our evolutionary past, well, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.56,0:22:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since cameras were, you know -- since\Nyou could do film in late 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.76,0:23:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we could have a picture which was not real\Nin the past, everything we saw was always real.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.55,0:23:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could touch.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.87,0:23:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, when things go into our eyes, our\Nbrains say, that's real, and we react this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.73,0:23:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though we may want to argue\Nthat, I think most of you, if not all,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.92,0:23:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have had the experience that if you\Nwatch a horror movie or horrible scenes
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.15,0:23:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the horrible things happened\Nin a series and then you go outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.17,0:23:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of a sudden that little noise behind\Nyou triggers a massive autonomic response.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.84,0:23:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, that would not have done that.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.32,0:23:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we are -- Our bodies saw what\Nwe saw on the film react as real.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.47,0:23:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we have really underestimated\Nthat how powerful that phenomenon is.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.85,0:23:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason we\Nhave these economic we are --
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.22,0:24:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We react all the time is because our commercial\Nindustry uses these cues which are really traps
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.65,0:24:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us to capture our eyeballs\Nand that's the whole basis
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.75,0:24:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our social media, of all\Nthe many of the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.65,0:24:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really people don't\Nget paid for the content.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.26,0:24:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get paid for our attention,\Nhijacking our attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.12,0:24:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And equally for many industries, it is the\Nprofit margin that doesn't ask, is it healthy?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.94,0:24:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just asks can be, can\Nyou, will you buy the object?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.26,0:24:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of the, all the cereals with high\Nladen with sugar, all the candies in front
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.83,0:24:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the counters, you know, and do we then\Nblame children that they have no control?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.11,0:24:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a child who is wired from an evolutionary\Nperspective for survival to eat more calories,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.91,0:24:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it sees the sweets, it wants those.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.14,0:24:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we blame the child?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.80,0:25:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or should we blaming the corporate\Nculture, the world around us?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.05,0:25:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe we really need to be careful with\Nthis and say, oops, you may need to define that
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.75,0:25:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we may need to set, you\Nknow, social constraints
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.44,0:25:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't trigger these\Ndysfunctional behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.36,0:25:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, even watching pictures of food\Nand smelling it will activate your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.65,0:25:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it is most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.03,0:25:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I have a slide in that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.65,0:25:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? So the solutions really are that the\Nsociety may need to protect its own population
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.40,0:25:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the commercial exploitation of\Nthese evolutionary ecological traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.01,0:25:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a great difficult\Ndiscussion because we think
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.48,0:25:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the freedom of speech in a very broad sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.57,0:25:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But yes, I think it is a critical issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.61,0:25:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot depend upon self-regulation\Nto reduce our sugar content in our Coke,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.89,0:25:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our foods around us or anything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.23,0:26:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can already see the\Neffect in human physiology
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.57,0:26:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by having been exposed to\Nthese environmental traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.49,0:26:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the brainwave activity,\Nthe quantitative electroencephalography,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.85,0:26:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain activity, the brains of\Nnormal students today look more
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.05,0:26:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like an ADHD student than 20 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.08,0:26:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the spine of young people\Ntoday, as colleagues of mine in Canada observed
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.82,0:26:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the athletics department that compared\Nto 20 years ago, the spine just --
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.68,0:26:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The upper spine, these people\Nare slightly more curved forward
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.03,0:26:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because our whole world is looking down at\Nour cell phone or looking at our screens.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.67,0:26:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pandemic only, you know, accelerated\Nthis trend that was already going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.87,0:26:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's so many other qualities,\Nthings that we have, increase of pesticides,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.87,0:26:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of plastics, of BPA, all of that\Nwhich may lead to pathology.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.76,0:27:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we may need to control our -- By the --
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.98,0:27:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With our legal system, be\Nexposure to protect ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.66,0:27:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.71,0:27:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But just for fun, let me go\Nback for a moment what I said
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.87,0:27:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what you see and smell affects your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.97,0:27:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain and visual system, remember, are\Nintimately linked to the acquisition of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.44,0:27:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is necessary for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.22,0:27:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we get an image of\Nfood and the smell of food,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.84,0:27:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our physiological neurological changes respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.29,0:27:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it may even be a danger\Nin our growing exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.26,0:27:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These beautiful presented images of foods, which\Nwe do each time I go to Facebook or Instagram
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.44,0:27:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or TikTok and I make a short video on\NTikTok about the delicious food I'm eating,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.15,0:27:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or I take a picture and post it on\NFacebook or Instagram on the food.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.15,0:27:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is it will induce\Nthis in the person.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.01,0:27:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, I take the picture and\Nthen I can look at the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.12,0:28:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens to the person does this is work.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.95,0:28:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see by weighing it all, and you\Ncan see that if you show the food inside a,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.90,0:28:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, PFT [inaudible] imaging where you can\Nsee how the blood flow goes through the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.64,0:28:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically, or metabolism, then you see\Nall of a sudden that there's a 24 increase
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.64,0:28:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the brain metabolism by just showing the\Nimages of foods while lying in a scanner.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.83,0:28:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is a very complicated study\Nwhere you don't only saw the image,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.71,0:28:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they brought the smell in, they\Nput it on your tongue as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.90,0:28:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a very -- It's -- It is a complex one.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.66,0:28:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, imagine -- Imagination\Nand seeing it affects physiology.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.06,0:28:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so next time you send that great meal to\Nyour friend, you may be helping them to want
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.88,0:28:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eat more and increase their obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.71,0:28:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So really, you know, our diet\Nand exercise do change it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.85,0:29:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've been sitting here for a little while now,\Nso just for a moment, once again, just get up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.69,0:29:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just get up and move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.37,0:29:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know it's so hard, but get up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.23,0:29:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just wiggle and move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.89,0:29:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.66,0:29:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm swinging, I'm swinging.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.45,0:29:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I reach up and then I look up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.42,0:29:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I look up again and I look up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.64,0:29:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I take a big breath and then --\Nand I let my sit myself down again.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.64,0:29:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just note again, when you\Nhave done that, note two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.05,0:29:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, how hard it was to get up and do it,\Nhow much we want to just keep sitting.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.14,0:29:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And two, that after you did it,\Nhow your energy slightly went up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.06,0:29:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. So really remember, what I want to point\Nout is health is living your evolutionary roots
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.19,0:29:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever increases reproductive\Nfitness predominates.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.40,0:29:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then remember our past\Nthat we are wired to be preyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.57,0:29:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, we start regenerating\Nwhen we feel safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.22,0:30:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at that more,\Nit means you may look at diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.05,0:30:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll look at that much later\Nin the semester but have a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.20,0:30:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of greens, tubers, nuts, organic foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.64,0:30:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we can see that the absence of some of\Nthe vitamins may lead to significant illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.21,0:30:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll talk about this in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.25,0:30:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lack of Omega 3, which we now have\Nmassively up because we mainly have Omega 6s
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.68,0:30:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the massive amount of\Ncorn products we eat, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.32,0:30:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may inhibit embryological development,\Nincrease eczema, others, the folic acid,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.11,0:30:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is part of food -- of healthy eating a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.05,0:30:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of veggies may increase the\Nrisk of spina bifida.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.30,0:30:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have all the cases where\Npeople are no longer doing breastfeeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.65,0:30:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll talk about that in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.37,0:30:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That increase the risk of\Nceliac disease and asthma.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.76,0:30:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have the whole light\Nnight melatonin suppression by light.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.10,0:30:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our relationship of\Nour body's bacteria, parasites.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.41,0:31:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll talk about that in a moment\Nabout Crohn's disease, et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.43,0:31:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, let me just see in detail\Na little bit what happens
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.91,0:31:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you disregard your evolutionary background.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.68,0:31:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll go through the following\Nfairly quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.06,0:31:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living in isolation constantly formula, versus\Nbreastfeeding or breastfeeding versus formula,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.52,0:31:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating processed foods or really\Nbeing having affluent malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.17,0:31:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeding an animal a carnivore a herbivore\Ndiet, feeding a herbivore a carnivore diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.91,0:31:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeding rats milk protein casein\Nthat we have never been used to,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.72,0:31:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly how come we can get food\Npoisoning, et cetera, et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.93,0:31:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. So let me first go back to isolation.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.25,0:31:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.41,0:31:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the study at Kaiser which I really\Nliked where they looked at the adults
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.83,0:31:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without children who contract COVID\N19 versus those who had children.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.24,0:31:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice that for equivalent ages,\Nthis is before you're vaccinated,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.11,0:32:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that adults who had no -- who are not\Naround little children were 49% were likely
Dialogue: 0,0:32:03.77,0:32:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be hospitalized and 76% more likely\Nto have intensive care unit admissions
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.29,0:32:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than infected adults of similar ages and health\Nhistories who had young children at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.55,0:32:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really is a very impressive data.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.64,0:32:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suggests both social isolation is harmful\Nor it really says, gosh, for all our evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.46,0:32:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lived in little clans that included\Ngrandparents, great grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.54,0:32:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parents, children and even babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.25,0:32:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all together and what the -- And you\Ncould possibly argue is that little babies
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.89,0:32:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and toddlers continually have snotty\Nnoses, they have flus, and these are --
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.40,0:32:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are all by different most cases by viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.44,0:32:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by being exposed to that\Ncontinuously or episodically,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.43,0:32:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're getting a kind of natural vaccination.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.100,0:33:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that may then protect us from the COVID\Nvirus because 30% of flus are coronavirus
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.75,0:33:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is in a similar family as the COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.88,0:33:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's possibly.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.91,0:33:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we have looked at what happened with\NCOVID is that the greatest deaths occurred
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.60,0:33:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with elderly who were in locations\Nwhere there were no little kids
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.38,0:33:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around and had comorbidities.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.52,0:33:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. But, you know, let me\Nshift to different ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.53,0:33:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reflect on the statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.27,0:33:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the risk and benefits\Nof feeding a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.05,0:33:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Formula is better because it allows\Nthe mother to sleep and regenerate.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.80,0:33:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It involves the partner in the baby's\Ncare, right, pros and cons on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.29,0:33:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just stop it and think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.01,0:33:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'll just argue a few reasons why maybe\Nbreastfeeding is normal, natural, and healthier.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.87,0:33:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this data I'll talk about can be very\Nmuch criticized because you could argue
Dialogue: 0,0:33:50.97,0:33:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that by definition people who can\Nbreastfeed may be more affluent
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.61,0:33:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different socioeconomic factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.40,0:34:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you control from those the risk\N-- these data may slightly disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.55,0:34:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But there's no way I can be\Npersuaded from an evolutionary perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.24,0:34:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Polyp's perspective as well that\Na formula can better than breast milk,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.23,0:34:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless there's some specific\Ncases of sickness or others.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.62,0:34:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But basically, the data is overwhelming\Nfrom this perspective that children,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.08,0:34:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,babies who are breastfed have a reduced\Nrisk of asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.24,0:34:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ear and respiratory infections,\Nand sudden infant death syndrome.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.27,0:34:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also -- It lowers the mother's risk
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.56,0:34:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of hypertension type 2 diabetes,\Novarian and breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.04,0:34:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, what is so sad is that this is\Nmainly the challenge of economic disparity.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.26,0:34:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the US, it's our public health policies\Nor public policies which basically do not allow
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.16,0:34:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or give women time to breastfeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.37,0:35:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely in some European countries, you\Ncan have a year off or two years off
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.78,0:35:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where after you give birth you can\Nbe at home and get your salary paid.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.05,0:35:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we need to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.72,0:35:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.59,0:35:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the US what we want to do is we want\Nto not have costs at the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.17,0:35:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we're stuck with these\Nvery high costs as we get older.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.61,0:35:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would recommend we should do the\Ncost up front and support the women
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.77,0:35:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their jobs are kept being\Nthat they have equality
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.26,0:35:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can go back to their job afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:26.34,0:35:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you look at the data,\Nthe data I think is clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.64,0:35:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most children, most mothers -- If\Nthey can, in some cases you can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.100,0:35:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no harm in that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.66,0:35:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do the best one can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.79,0:35:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in those cases, you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.72,0:35:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most mothers want to breastfeed\Nand try to continue to.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.86,0:35:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it's very difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.72,0:35:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to work and then\Nyou have to pump the breast
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.75,0:35:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do other things, the\Nsystem is just against it.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.40,0:35:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's too much work.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.65,0:35:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice by, you know, after three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.91,0:35:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only half the babies were\Nexclusively breastfeeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.80,0:36:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by 12 months, only one third, you\Nknow, and most supplemented with formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.85,0:36:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is you don't want to\Nsupplement this with formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.81,0:36:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At best, what you do is you\Nwant to breastfeed continuously
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.80,0:36:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep supplementing other foods enter --
Dialogue: 0,0:36:13.80,0:36:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other foods continually to it than you also\Nreduce a massive rate of any allergies to.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.13,0:36:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data is clear that if\Nyou do both at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.67,0:36:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there's very low allergy rates to foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.51,0:36:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, in the United States\Nthis is really an issue
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.32,0:36:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of economic disparity and to me it's immoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.07,0:36:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the quick summaries and I'll give\Nsome data on these for the mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.01,0:36:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it distinctly reduces the breast cancer\Nrisk, reduces stress, enhance bonding.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.19,0:36:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the baby enhanced bonding,\Nreduces allergy, reduces obesity,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.07,0:36:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably enhances immune function.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:46.80,0:36:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look for the mother in detail if you study\Nbreast cancer for 10 years after pregnancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.17,0:36:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you see those who had 34 more weeks
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.40,0:37:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of breastfeeding had a cancer\Nrisk drop by 13%, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.85,0:37:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is distinct, and this is\Nprobably much higher than that if the --
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.45,0:37:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One gives birth in your early 20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.66,0:37:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a consensus at early\Nfirst birth an increased number
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.15,0:37:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of full-time births shows you a significantly\Nlong term reduction of breast cancer risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.43,0:37:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And I think this is really\Nsomething we don't talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.76,0:37:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the benefits for the baby as a group.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.91,0:37:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, like I said, the data\Nis very difficult because this is
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.88,0:37:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so confusing by socioeconomic inequalities.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.18,0:37:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Babies who are breastfed have higher\NIQs as adults than formula fed.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.20,0:37:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the people born in\N1920s and '30s who were breastfed
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.09,0:37:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as babies achieved significantly upward\Nmobility when they were in the 60s
Dialogue: 0,0:37:44.07,0:37:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 70s compared to formula-fed babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:46.73,0:37:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men and women who were part\Nof this study in 1937,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:50.19,0:37:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'39 had a 50% reduction developing\Nceliac disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.79,0:37:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That seems to be very common.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.80,0:38:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as if by being breastfed and then\Nslowly adding food to it, you don't --
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.99,0:38:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can continue to be able to eat glutens
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.17,0:38:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not develop celiac disease\Ncompared to breastfed babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.93,0:38:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And formula-fed babies are fatter\Nas children and skinnier as adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.82,0:38:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to underwrite that,\Nformula babies are fatter as babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.09,0:38:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.85,0:38:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as children and adults, they're skinnier.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.86,0:38:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an error there.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:23.70,0:38:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But remember, the formula are\Nincomplete for the first couple of months.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.79,0:38:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't have all the appropriate fatty acids\Nwhich are necessary for neural development.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.44,0:38:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although after a while the\Nbrain will replace its all --
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.88,0:38:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, our body place itself\Nso that we can all do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.48,0:38:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it still means that for the first\Nfour months the baby is getting basically
Dialogue: 0,0:38:45.77,0:38:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inappropriate products, as well as all\Nthe immune cells and other things it gets
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.54,0:38:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the mother via the breast milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.35,0:38:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then even when one is very conscientious\Nabout pumping milk and sharing this,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:58.63,0:39:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's just great that can be done that the\Nmilk is different at different times of day.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.82,0:39:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the mother is going to sleep,\Nthe breast milk has a different quality,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.44,0:39:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has different substances which\Nallows the baby to go to sleep more
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.71,0:39:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the same thing in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.52,0:39:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now what happens when you\Nmix these up for the baby?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.04,0:39:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So life is more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.81,0:39:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, babies that are fed on\Nformula may be slightly disadvantaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.84,0:39:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've already looked at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.23,0:39:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Babies born in 1970 in formula-fed are twice\Nlikely to have neurological problems at age nine
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.67,0:39:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as compared to exclusive breastfed\Nfor the first three weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.16,0:39:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Premature babies who are formula-fed achieve\Nsignificantly low IQ scores at age eight.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:37.34,0:39:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And premature babies are breastfed.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.15,0:39:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this due to the breastfed milk,\Ndue the absence of body contact?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:44.28,0:39:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it due because by having the\Nprivilege to be able to breastfeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.51,0:39:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means you're already in\Na more upper social class?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.75,0:39:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many of those, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.56,0:39:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can keep going on these\Nif you look at formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.35,0:40:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maternal milk is better than formula for\Npreterm babies, that date is quite good.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.10,0:40:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. And then finally, which is the\Nmost interesting part when you think
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.27,0:40:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the evolutionary perspective, it\Nisn't only the baby at this point,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.85,0:40:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to also think of the epigenetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:16.08,0:40:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm not going to talk about that today\Nor much, but remember that the mother --
Dialogue: 0,0:40:21.88,0:40:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pregnant mother's lifestyle has an\Nimpact on the fetal -- fetus development.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.73,0:40:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the mother is anxious, is stressed, taking\Ndrugs, takes alcohol, it affects the development
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.05,0:40:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the baby and that is a\Nburden the baby will carry.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.82,0:40:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it gets even more\Nsignificant that in fact the sense
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.96,0:40:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people say illnesses skip a generation,\Nthey're sort of right in a very funny way.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:50.33,0:40:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because a pregnant mother -- woman impacts\Nher baby, but also her future grandchild.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.94,0:41:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the little fetus that's\Ndeveloping, all the fetuses' eggs
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.29,0:41:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are developing during the time\Nit's a fetus are impacted by the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.23,0:41:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means that when that\N-- The child becomes the mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:14.70,0:41:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its eggs are also have already\Nbeen shaped by her mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:18.81,0:41:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the grandmother in fact impacts the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:21.69,0:41:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you look at that, you\Ncan really see how we do --
Dialogue: 0,0:41:24.98,0:41:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How our past transcends into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.57,0:41:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then let's look at totally about some\Nwhole other areas about food, when we --
Dialogue: 0,0:41:33.70,0:41:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I cannot say enough about how I would say\Nhow bad in many ways the US food supply is.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.90,0:41:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bad is the wrong word to use how\Nunnutritious in any way it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.88,0:41:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's remarkable that we get plenty of calories
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.56,0:41:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's very important\Nif you don't have calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.34,0:42:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we are now becoming a world\Nof malnutrition, affluent malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.93,0:42:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we often spend lots of money's\Ntime on foods that are not nutritious.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:07.37,0:42:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a single case study as\Nwe're about to look out for fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:11.92,0:42:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you drink 10 Cokes a day for a month --\NNow, it's not a study, it's a case report.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:17.74,0:42:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it makes perfect sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.03,0:42:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you drink a can, a £12 can of\NCoke, you're drinking 39 grams of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.16,0:42:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:26.11,0:42:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.85,0:42:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outcome after one month, increased\Nweight by 23 pounds, insulin levels,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:33.45,0:42:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the person became prediabetic, blood pressures\Nincreased, the body fat increased by 9%.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.30,0:42:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this -- And later on the\NHarvard study has also shown this,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.66,0:42:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drinking one can of soda can lead to\Na five-pound weight gain in a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.62,0:42:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also drinking soda daily is strongly\Nto early death and increased likelihood
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.93,0:42:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having a heart attack or stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.47,0:43:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also linked in women with an increase\Nin osteoarthritis even with athletes.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.66,0:43:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? So I'm not recommending drinking Cokes\Nby definition, but just when we don't listen
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.30,0:43:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our evolutionary diet or background and\Nwe now do changes, it may backfire on us.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:13.88,0:43:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to use a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:14.96,0:43:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to give three examples of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.88,0:43:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can think of many more, but I'm trying\Nto think of a way of thinking about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.98,0:43:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. So what I look for is may you\Nfeed carnivores or herbivore diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:27.52,0:43:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you feed herbivores a carnivore diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.08,0:43:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you feed rats foods they were\Ntotally unfamiliar with in their history.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.94,0:43:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's an allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.37,0:43:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? This goes back to 1985.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:41.24,0:43:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is in the US zoos, cheetahs\Nwere not doing well.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.59,0:43:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had many deaths, only\N18 births, seven died.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.66,0:43:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six percent cheetahs had liver damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:51.23,0:43:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only 10% of females produce cups.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:54.30,0:43:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could argue well, because they're in a zoo.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:56.37,0:43:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It worked out is not the\Ncase because in the zoos
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.77,0:44:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in South Africa, the cheetahs were doing well.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.67,0:44:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the cheetahs are one of the\Nfastest animals in the world, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.19,0:44:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so they had -- But in South\NAfrican zoos they had no problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.71,0:44:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Well, what is the food we're feeding?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.47,0:44:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who knows what it totally is,\Nbut what the major factors appear
Dialogue: 0,0:44:16.63,0:44:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be the diet of cheetah's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.40,0:44:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In South African -- In South Africa, the\Ncheetahs ate whole carcasses, whole meat,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:24.100,0:44:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like they did for their evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.22,0:44:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the US the cheetahs start to eat commercial\Nprepared cat food because it's much cheaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.86,0:44:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was horse meat, that's OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.07,0:44:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they include a lot of soya bean\Nproducts were added for protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.37,0:44:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soy contains diazine and genistein\Nwhich acts as weak estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.04,0:44:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And estrogens can affect liver and increase\Nthe size of uterus, possibly also carcinogenic
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.74,0:44:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and excessive if you're estrogen\Nsensitive for breast cancer patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.93,0:44:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is so interesting, when they got rid of\Nthe soy and they gave the animals only meat,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:59.38,0:45:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their health improved and\Ntheir fertility improved again.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.15,0:45:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying that eating\Nsoy causes this at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.83,0:45:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In human beings because we are\Nnot carnivores, we are omnivores.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.02,0:45:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although I have my questions\Nabout, you know, nonorganic soy,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:17.51,0:45:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I would not quite recommend that.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.59,0:45:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then look at the opposite one.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.13,0:45:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the mad cow disease episode\Nthat occurred about 20, 25 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.32,0:45:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was happened mainly in Britain.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:29.83,0:45:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened is that the animals\Ndeveloped something called mad cow disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.58,0:45:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bovine spongy form encephalopathy,\Nessentially degenerate brain disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.44,0:45:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a similar disease that is seen in\Nhuman beings as Creutzveldt-Jacob disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.75,0:45:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a prion disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:48.41,0:45:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's transmitted by eating\Npart of the brain tissue.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.19,0:46:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's also true in human beings because\Nthe way, you know -- When you go to New Guinea,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:00.56,0:46:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where historically there was a large\Nepisode of this kind of disorder is
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.16,0:46:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when the people would fight\Neach other in New Guinea, the tribes,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.65,0:46:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the winning tribe would\Neat the brains of their --
Dialogue: 0,0:46:14.95,0:46:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the person they had beaten in the battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.73,0:46:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they were now infected with this\Nprion, they would then get the same disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.67,0:46:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? So we know if you eat the nervous\Ntissue, then that could be an issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.73,0:46:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most likely, people hypothesize that\Nmad cow disease in Britain started
Dialogue: 0,0:46:36.91,0:46:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they changed the way the meat\Nwaste products were distributed.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:44.87,0:46:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely, what the people did is you would collect\Nmeat products and that could be from cows,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:51.07,0:46:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from sheep, from all others, you know, and then\Nyou would process this to make a meat powder
Dialogue: 0,0:46:57.01,0:47:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you would then feed to the cows to quickly\Nhave them gain weight and produce more milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.76,0:47:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? So now basically you are\Ngiving the cows who are --
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.20,0:47:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose GI tract has really evolved to eat\Ngrass very low quality, you could say food,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.46,0:47:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,low caloric food, you now\Nfeed it a carnivore diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:19.36,0:47:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most likely in that process, when you now\Nfed them these waste products all ground up
Dialogue: 0,0:47:24.78,0:47:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and processed, they contained the prions from\Nthe sheep which in sheep is called scrapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.08,0:47:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then that let it be expressed in cows.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.56,0:47:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when these cows were slaughtered\Nagain, you would then take their waste products
Dialogue: 0,0:47:37.65,0:47:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as fish holders and you would\Nagain feed it to other cows.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:41.48,0:47:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that's most likely\Nhow mad cow disease started.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:45.21,0:47:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the quickest way this was\Nstopped by not doing that anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:49.25,0:47:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's, you know -- I'm not saying\Nthat eating meat would be harmful,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:53.87,0:48:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but possibly if you never were exposed to it\Nthen your GI tract may not be able to cope
Dialogue: 0,0:48:00.08,0:48:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the scrapy or with the prion or\Nother things that may be occurring.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:04.93,0:48:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's when you step outside of it\Nand then let me do a different one.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:09.70,0:48:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very interesting one about rats.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.98,0:48:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an old study by Campbell and Campbell\Nor it's really by Wells even older in 1976.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.34,0:48:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take rats and you give\Nthem a low doses aflatoxin,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.29,0:48:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a very powerful carcinogenic\Nagent developing these tumors and cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:30.85,0:48:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most people if a dosage high enough,\Nbut you give them a very low dose.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:34.80,0:48:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is interesting is you get\Nto normal rats, you get this low dose
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.09,0:48:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you haven't eaten normal rat show.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:44.08,0:48:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then cancer is expressed in all the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:49.29,0:48:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what you do is you change --\NAnd you change the rat child of food
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.02,0:48:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because basically what is the rat food?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:57.14,0:49:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little rat pellets, but it\Noften has a lot of milk products in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.30,0:49:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,milk protein called casein in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.64,0:49:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think from an evolutionary perspective,\Nrats never drank milk or milk products.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.12,0:49:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean they eat everything, probably not milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:11.51,0:49:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So their body probably did not die to process\Nthis well then it's an allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:17.05,0:49:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is so interesting is when you reduce the\Nconsumption of -- in the foods to 5% of casein,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:23.85,0:49:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then when you give them this\Naflatoxin, it would induce cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.13,0:49:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cancer does not occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:29.83,0:49:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you can see as if the casein\Nincreases or reduces the immune response
Dialogue: 0,0:49:38.13,0:49:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ability and allows the cancer to occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:42.20,0:49:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, from my simplistic perspective is\Nthat rats never ate milk or milk products.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:49.22,0:49:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a novelty.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:51.07,0:49:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's a long-term cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.33,0:49:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some evidence in human\Nbeings that eating lower animal --
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.73,0:50:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lower levels of animal protein is\Nassociated with lower cancer rates.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:01.43,0:50:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the more veggies and fruits you\Neat, the probably better it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.05,0:50:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not as clear because the Inuit\Npeople in the Arctic eat mainly,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:11.11,0:50:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,historically ate mainly animal\Nproducts, lots of fats
Dialogue: 0,0:50:17.30,0:50:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and blubber, and they did not develop cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.50,0:50:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that it may not be as clear as it all looks.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:25.67,0:50:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, living in harmony
Dialogue: 0,0:50:26.98,0:50:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with your evolutionary past may\Ngive hope for a number of disorders.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:29.72,0:50:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to make a whole\Nlong list for a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.03,0:50:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some suggestive evidence -- Some\Nsuggestions that even epilepsy in children,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.11,0:50:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and epilepsy is a complex disease, it's not\Nsimple, but for some can be at least controlled
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.14,0:50:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by eating a total ketogenic diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.06,0:50:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is very hard to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:48.49,0:50:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just eating -- And for them, if\Nyou put them on a ketogenic diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:52.91,0:50:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then if they just eat one cupcake which would\Nthen be refined flour would trigger seizures.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.39,0:51:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many other factors, but this is at\Nleast one the person could have control over.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.12,0:51:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, I already alluded to the cancer\Nas giving a low dose about autotoxin.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:05.71,0:51:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this may also suggest that\Npossibly what the foods were now eating,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.23,0:51:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them are so strange and not\Npart of our evolutionary background
Dialogue: 0,0:51:16.67,0:51:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it may do something\Nfor us in a similar way.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:19.85,0:51:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:21.54,0:51:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's a case of, again, which you\Nall watch by multiple sclerosis by Terry Wahl,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:27.88,0:51:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had severe multiple sclerosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.100,0:51:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She adopts a hunting and gathering diet\Nand then thereby reverses her MS totally.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.98,0:51:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, there are case examples,\Nbut I think they give hints.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:38.05,0:51:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we need to think of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.87,0:51:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we, you know -- When you look at\Nyour tissue, look at your hand for a moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.92,0:51:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at -- Remember every cell in your body,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:48.89,0:51:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything your whole body is built,\Ncreated from the foods we ate.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:54.93,0:51:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you eat, you know -- Think\Nof building a house.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:58.80,0:52:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have very good materials and you have a\Nvery good plan then the house were very strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:04.27,0:52:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plan could be your genetics\Nand the epigenetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.86,0:52:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even with a very good plan,\Nif you have poor materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:14.58,0:52:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the house or the building you're making will not\Nbe as good and would be in danger of collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:19.72,0:52:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think of it this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.72,0:52:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now much of our foods we're eating and\Npartly because of the green revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:26.10,0:52:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been great, that allows all\Nof us to have enough plenty of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:31.25,0:52:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is always a balance.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.38,0:52:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our monoculture and our processed foods\Nmay eliminate many important micronutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:41.36,0:52:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we're not aware of what we need.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.78,0:52:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, our pesticides and herbicides --\NI'm just thinking of Monsanta's Roundup,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:48.42,0:52:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll do this later when we talk about food, are\Ncarcinogenic and immune suppressant, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:54.90,0:53:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's lots of evidence that\Nwe -- That our -- The foods we eat may --
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.22,0:53:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the lack of foods we eat may be\Na cause of a number of illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:05.82,0:53:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of going back\Nduring the ages of, you know --
Dialogue: 0,0:53:08.95,0:53:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just think back of the age of sailing\Nwhere sailors got scurvy, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.25,0:53:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why did they get scurvy?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:20.90,0:53:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scurvy? Because the foods they\Nwere eating was even pickled.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:25.36,0:53:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not getting enough\Nvitamin C so they lost their teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.01,0:53:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's massive death rate\Nof sailors due to scurvy.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.67,0:53:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was until the observation was made\Nthat when they ate limes, citrus fruit,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:38.18,0:53:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contained vitamin C, there are many foods\Nthat have more vitamin C that once they start
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.75,0:53:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eat those, then they could\Nsolve that disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:45.85,0:53:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then in the late 19th century, you know,\Nwith the advent of the result of colonization
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.48,0:54:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the -- in much of the world and the\Nidea that brown rice was sort of, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:01.25,0:54:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's for common people\Nthat white rice was best.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:04.89,0:54:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the trouble was by eating white rice\Nyou get rid of the vitamin B1, thiamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:11.54,0:54:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that led then to a very serious\Nneurological disease very, very.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.94,0:54:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it was because we\Nstarted not eat the whole foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:20.28,0:54:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's so many of these we can't think of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:22.54,0:54:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? Let me do another one\Nhere about spina bifida.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:25.99,0:54:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spina bifida, you know, is really that the spine\Ndoes not close of the little -- of the fetus.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.81,0:54:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it can totally be almost\Navoided, at least decreased
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.88,0:54:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the food contains enough folic acid.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:40.69,0:54:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you get folic acid by?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:42.62,0:54:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By eating spinach, asparagus, turnips,\Ngreens, legumes, many of these and organ meats
Dialogue: 0,0:54:48.29,0:54:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as liver and kidney all contain folate.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:51.26,0:54:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need to take a pill.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:53.19,0:54:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need the right foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.53,0:54:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I see these, that we need to\Nadd these substances to the foods,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:59.01,0:55:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really telling me we're\Neating the wrong foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:04.05,0:55:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And I already talked\Nabout the vitamin C or think
Dialogue: 0,0:55:07.55,0:55:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Omega 3 or fatty, you know -- fish oils.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.41,0:55:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, this then -- The data looks very\Ngood that mothers who are at high risk,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:19.17,0:55:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's genetic for allergic disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.51,0:55:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they got Omega 3s from 21\Nweeks of gestation to birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.44,0:55:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there was a significant decrease\Nin eczema, egg allergies and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:32.60,0:55:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice almost it went from 12% for the\Ncontrols who didn't get it to 7%, 15 to 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:39.37,0:55:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most likely if the mothers had it from\Nthe at the beginning of pregnancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.41,0:55:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe these numbers would even be much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:48.18,0:55:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the result at age one.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:50.28,0:55:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So notice the long lasting cost by having\Na diet that's low in Omega 3 at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.92,0:56:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our diet right now is massively weighted\Nto Omega 6s, which is highly inflammatory
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.08,0:56:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so much of the foods we\Neat are it include corn, oils,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:07.36,0:56:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,et cetera, which are all omega 6s.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:10.39,0:56:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? It even changes behavior if you\Ngive Omega 3 supplements for six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:16.11,0:56:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a double-blind\Nstudy for 8- to 16-year-olds.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:20.84,0:56:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, overall, what you see is that it's a\Nreduction in significantly in behavior problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:28.56,0:56:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just really remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:30.29,0:56:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And now I'm going to shift again to diet one\Nmore time, going back to the exposure of getting
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.10,0:56:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to food poisoning which so often occurs in our\Nmodern diet, whether all of a sudden thousands
Dialogue: 0,0:56:43.93,0:56:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people die or hundreds of people\Ndie and some or get sick and a few die
Dialogue: 0,0:56:47.95,0:56:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they ate hamburgers\Nor even the romaine lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:51.34,0:56:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's one of romaine lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:52.97,0:56:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question really is what caused it?
Dialogue: 0,0:56:56.38,0:57:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in most cases, we would see as\Ncaused basically, you know, by e. coli.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:02.47,0:57:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? But look at -- But I would want to\Nargue that it's really what we have done
Dialogue: 0,0:57:07.13,0:57:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the -- with our cows and our animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:09.48,0:57:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me take you through a little story why we\Nget possibly one pathway, we get food poisoning
Dialogue: 0,0:57:16.85,0:57:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one case and not in the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:20.05,0:57:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. The normal diet of a cow is\Nbasically somehow grass us is on the left,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:25.13,0:57:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we bring them to a feedlot\Nwhere they're getting a lot of grains.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:28.46,0:57:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason you do this, because\Nthey'll bulk up very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.20,0:57:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the gastrointestinal tract of a\Ncow is not really -- It did, you know --
Dialogue: 0,0:57:37.85,0:57:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From an evolutionary perspective\Ndid not have to process it.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:41.04,0:57:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it changes the pH in\Nthe cow in the fecal mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:46.68,0:57:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And so, if you look at that\N-- If you look at the manure
Dialogue: 0,0:57:49.95,0:57:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cattle eating grass, it's about 7.7.3.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:52.91,0:58:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the manure of cattle at feedlots wheat\Ngrain, which is very high caloric value is 5.3.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:01.01,0:58:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why is this important?
Dialogue: 0,0:58:04.61,0:58:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, all the manure in cows contain e. coli, but\Nthere are many different versions of e. coli.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:10.45,0:58:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the one that lets us get sick,\Nreally get sick is the e. coli 0157.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:17.43,0:58:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the e. coli that survives at a\Nvery low pH and much more acidic condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:22.62,0:58:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice that if the manure of\Nthe cow is that eats grass is 7.3,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:28.100,0:58:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be a very low number of this e.\Ncoli because they wouldn't really survive well
Dialogue: 0,0:58:33.14,0:58:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this higher pH. And then when that cow gets\Nslaughtered, keep that in mind, then probably --
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.19,0:58:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the intestinal\Ncontent contaminates the meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:44.25,0:58:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you eat your hamburger\Nwith the contamination in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:48.58,0:58:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since it is the e. coli\Nthat survives at 7.3 when it --
Dialogue: 0,0:58:52.29,0:58:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you now eat it goes into your\Nstomach, but the stomach is a ph of 2
Dialogue: 0,0:58:58.63,0:59:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all those e. coli essentially all\Nget killed and so you don't get sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:04.45,0:59:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now on the other hand, if you're eating\Nmeat from the cattle from a feedlot
Dialogue: 0,0:59:10.10,0:59:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been eating the mainly grain,\Nits manure is 5.3 and then it's in --
Dialogue: 0,0:59:16.83,0:59:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see a thousand times more e.\Ncoli, you know, 0157 which is the one
Dialogue: 0,0:59:23.36,0:59:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is really makes us very\Nsick as I point out.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:27.43,0:59:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you now -- And they\Nnow multiply in the meter or so
Dialogue: 0,0:59:31.59,0:59:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now when you eat them\Nthey go through your stomach.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:34.68,0:59:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, they can survive this\NpH's acid of and 10% survive that
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.22,0:59:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they start multiplying this\Nlethal infection in your intestines.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:45.81,0:59:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is really the big difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:49.02,0:59:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the cure is probably not to try\Nto give antibiotics or anything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:55.15,0:59:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would say maybe we should\Nthink of the evolutionary backup.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:58.37,1:00:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What should cattle be eating\Nto reduce their health?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:03.05,1:00:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we fed the cows hay or grass then the pH\Nwould stay up to 7.3 and would reduce the odds
Dialogue: 0,1:00:11.76,1:00:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having this e. coli 0157\Nbe present in the foods.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:16.31,1:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because now if the cattle that has the\N-- is from the feedlot is slaughtered
Dialogue: 0,1:00:20.97,1:00:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the meat is contaminated, now when\Nyou eat it, you potentially get sick.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:24.86,1:00:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But moreover, the manure of this\Ncattle at 5.3 drifts over fields
Dialogue: 0,1:00:32.61,1:00:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there may be spinach is grown or other\Nfoods are grown or a worker carries this
Dialogue: 0,1:00:38.26,1:00:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their boots and goes to those\Nfields or goes for the water.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:41.51,1:00:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then all of a sudden, you're spraying some\Nfields of vegetables with this e. coli 0157
Dialogue: 0,1:00:48.38,1:00:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you can get sick by\Neating even the vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:52.03,1:00:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I think that's enough.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:54.76,1:00:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And then there's so many other factors,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:57.47,1:01:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can keep going that the foods\Nwe eat also change our bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:03.17,1:01:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the foods we eat affect which\Ncolonies of bacteria increase or decrease.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:09.97,1:01:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of the foods we now eat look\Nthe same and are totally different.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:14.64,1:01:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all the grain, corn, soy,\Nprocessed foods and meats contain low level
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.75,1:01:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Monsanta's produced herbicides, Roundup\Nand other herbicides and pesticides.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:25.93,1:01:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those -- And they in fact suppress\Nsome of the healthy human biome bacteria
Dialogue: 0,1:01:33.58,1:01:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow the more pathological ones to\Ncontinue possibly as this we may have messed up.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:40.18,1:01:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to go back and think how\Nwe're living in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:43.33,1:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, we are an ecological system.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:46.81,1:01:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to underline this.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:48.43,1:01:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We -- And now I move even more to a\Nslight different perspective on this,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:52.86,1:01:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to some illnesses that they evolved with\Nparasites, bacteria, and viruses, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:58.66,1:02:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we eliminate some of those bacteria\Nor parasites, the balance is disrupted.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:04.74,1:02:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pathology can occur.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.03,1:02:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you have experienced that\Nalready when you have taken antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.41,1:02:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often more women may have experienced that\Nmore when they had no problems at all,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:15.21,1:02:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they took antibiotics even maybe for acne.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:18.51,1:02:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the antibiotic not only\Nkilled a whole class of bacteria
Dialogue: 0,1:02:22.82,1:02:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their GI tract but also\Nin the vaginal barrel.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:25.92,1:02:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they've developed a yeast infection.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:29.03,1:02:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when you remove certain groups\Nof bacteria, others will take over.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:34.73,1:02:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is critical is the balance.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:37.12,1:02:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.11,1:02:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's all what you'll be\Nreading in the book by Blazer,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:41.45,1:02:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which really looks at the human biome.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:42.77,1:02:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to go back now for a moment\Nabout our parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.63,1:02:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've lift those forever.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:49.77,1:02:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in symbiosis.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.18,1:02:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is really where the bacteria are mutual.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:54.54,1:02:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we live together and\Nthey're in different categories.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:57.62,1:02:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In mutualism, they both benefit.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:59.48,1:03:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many bacteria benefit by living\Nwith us, and we benefit from them.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:04.23,1:03:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there's commensal, which is where one\Nbenefits but not the other one doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:08.90,1:03:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no harm, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:10.31,1:03:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the final one is basically a parasite\Nwhere one benefits and the other one is harmed.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.45,1:03:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the harm can be very minimally.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:17.18,1:03:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're intrigued in parasites specifically,\Na great older book which I really like,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:23.19,1:03:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by Rob Dunn, the Wildlife of Our Bodies.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:26.68,1:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really the epidemic of absence.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:28.98,1:03:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a way of understanding\Nautoimmune illnesses, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:33.04,1:03:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me give this as an example.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:35.27,1:03:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1930s and '40s, nearly\Nhalf American children had worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.15,1:03:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you go all around the world in third\Nworld countries, except in our weird world,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:47.94,1:03:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's Western, educated,\Nindustrialized, rich, democratic countries,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:54.08,1:03:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many people had little worms, you know,\Nsometimes like whip worms and others.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:59.61,1:04:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most cases, they were very benign\Nunless you had too many of them.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:03.29,1:04:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some bits you never want to get.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:06.87,1:04:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And one way that -- In the\N1930s, most of people had it just
Dialogue: 0,1:04:10.46,1:04:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like your dog has worms at times.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:13.49,1:04:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? But usually, the way you\Nwould avoid getting worms is
Dialogue: 0,1:04:17.40,1:04:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you would not have to\Nwalk on human fecal mass.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:19.70,1:04:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what you then did is but\Nyou -- If you wore shoes
Dialogue: 0,1:04:22.37,1:04:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and used an indoor toilet,\Nyou're less likely to get it.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:26.47,1:04:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is so interesting is that a disease\Ncalled Crohn's disease did not exist in places
Dialogue: 0,1:04:32.55,1:04:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people generally didn't\Nhave people at intestinal worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:36.19,1:04:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as the intestinal worms have become\Nvery rare, which we have done in the US
Dialogue: 0,1:04:41.19,1:04:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many other places, all of a\Nsudden, we get this -- The much more --
Dialogue: 0,1:04:45.83,1:04:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whole serious illness\Ncalled Crohn's disease.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:49.05,1:04:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, worms is always relevant.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:50.81,1:04:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having a few worms in you,\Nmany of them that you would --
Dialogue: 0,1:04:55.23,1:04:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You intake them, they would multiply\Nin you, you would excrete the eggs
Dialogue: 0,1:04:59.29,1:05:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be one cycle\Ntill you get reinfected.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:01.67,1:05:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others could be very harmful.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:03.07,1:05:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in many cases of -- They could be more,\Nyou know -- They would just do a tiniest harm.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:08.95,1:05:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only if you're a highly malnutrition
Dialogue: 0,1:05:11.08,1:05:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that other issues were going\Non that it was very harmful.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:14.03,1:05:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, I want to underline again,\Nmost people had experience of worms
Dialogue: 0,1:05:19.38,1:05:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the 20th century, but by\Nhaving better hygiene, wearing shoes,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:24.08,1:05:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and children are now growing up\Nwithout ever having had worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:28.71,1:05:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the worms can live in our,\Nyou know, GI tract or bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:32.64,1:05:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not recommending it in a bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:34.22,1:05:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to survive -- However, to survive\Nwithin the host, worms must interact with
Dialogue: 0,1:05:40.90,1:05:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the host immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:43.33,1:05:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see. And some worms can cause disease,\Nbut many are not, possibly even harmful
Dialogue: 0,1:05:47.55,1:05:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and may even beneficial for our immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:50.58,1:05:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's hard to believe, I know conceptually.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:53.57,1:06:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you could argue if we live for as\Nlong as we know with some parasites,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:02.16,1:06:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our immune system would then\Nbe in a kind of balance
Dialogue: 0,1:06:05.44,1:06:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these parasites or this\N-- with these worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.66,1:06:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of a sudden, if you\Ntake these worms away,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:13.42,1:06:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then our immune system may not know how to cope.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:15.33,1:06:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is now believed that the\Ninflammatory bowel diseases,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:20.08,1:06:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Crohn's disease is really partial --
Dialogue: 0,1:06:24.47,1:06:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is partially caused by dysregulation\Nof mucosal immune system, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:30.16,1:06:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we see this massive increase\Nin Crohn's disease.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:34.82,1:06:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If, on the other hand, if during childhood\Nyou get exposures to Helmuth, that's worms,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:40.98,1:06:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they somehow talk to your immune\Nsystem or they produce something
Dialogue: 0,1:06:44.50,1:06:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which tells the immune system, hey, slow down.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:47.25,1:06:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just here as a passenger.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:48.83,1:06:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't do too much.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:49.75,1:06:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just keep it cool.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:51.41,1:06:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm making this up.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:52.48,1:06:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then as if -- It stamps\Ndown the inflammation.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:59.42,1:07:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But without that experience, the\Nimmune system has no way to change.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:04.79,1:07:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is one of the hypotheses\Nby Joel Weinstock
Dialogue: 0,1:07:07.89,1:07:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has done some very interesting studies
Dialogue: 0,1:07:10.11,1:07:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on using Helmuth parasitic\Nworms to help the immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:14.04,1:07:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I pointed out earlier, the disease,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:16.98,1:07:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crohn's disease is a very\Ndifficult illness on our GI tract.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:22.30,1:07:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where our immune system is attacking and\Ncauses horrible abdominal pain, skin rash.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:26.99,1:07:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just truly difficult.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:30.07,1:07:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? It's just a disaster.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:32.73,1:07:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now estimates 1/3 million people\Nhave this, at least in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:39.16,1:07:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the ways -- If you think about\Nit, how come Crohn's disease does not exist
Dialogue: 0,1:07:44.29,1:07:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in third world countries\Nbecause people have worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:46.46,1:07:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a hypothesis, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:48.46,1:07:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people have been doing\Nepisodic experiments on this.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:53.37,1:07:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now in a more systematic\Nstudy by Joel Weinstock,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:56.44,1:07:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he took chronic people with\Nchronic Crohn's disease.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:59.83,1:08:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They now gave them worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.82,1:08:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you know, with worm, it's just benign.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:04.18,1:08:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't do any harm.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:05.89,1:08:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you put little eggs in it.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:07.06,1:08:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't even know you're swallowing in.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:08.81,1:08:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened in this\Nstudy of these 29 patients?
Dialogue: 0,1:08:11.33,1:08:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four patients, yuck, worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:13.43,1:08:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to do this.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:14.34,1:08:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they got a medication\Nto get rid of the worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:17.25,1:08:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in 24 weeks, all but one patient was\Ndoing, 21 patients were in remission.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:23.91,1:08:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that is remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:26.75,1:08:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their bodies were much healthier than\Nwhen they had -- now they had parasites.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:31.36,1:08:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, you know, this is very suggestive.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:34.25,1:08:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a similar model you see later, as\Nyou'll be reading in the book by Blaser,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:38.03,1:08:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the whole part of our human biome that\Nwhen they're empty -- when there's absence.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:43.91,1:08:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember to underline, going back\Nagain to the inflammatory GI disorders,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:50.79,1:08:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the promising remedial acts\Nagainst irritable bowel disease
Dialogue: 0,1:08:55.50,1:08:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other allergic autoimmune\Nillnesses is helminth therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:58.80,1:09:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can also be probably bacterial\Ntherapy or human biome therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:04.52,1:09:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cure of helminth therapy seems\Nto be the most effective therapy
Dialogue: 0,1:09:07.84,1:09:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the irritable bowel disease\Ncurrently proposed.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:11.48,1:09:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And now I'll jump even more\Nthat the human biome is active
Dialogue: 0,1:09:17.18,1:09:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a vital participant in our lives.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:18.77,1:09:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, more than half of your -- of the DNA\Nin your body are bacteria, are human biome.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.75,1:09:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's critical.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:26.52,1:09:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do look at the book by Blaser.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:28.82,1:09:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we get these exposures to these\Ndifferent -- once in many different ways.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:33.02,1:09:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, kids play in the dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:34.47,1:09:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating dirt is very helpful, you know?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:39.29,1:09:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, our GI tract, these bacteria produce\Nserotonin and many, in fact, interestingly,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:44.61,1:09:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of our antibiotics are derived\Nfrom material, you know, grown in dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:51.83,1:09:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, play the dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:52.69,1:09:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's much better.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:53.45,1:09:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? And maybe we shouldn't be using\Nso many antimicrobial soaps, you know?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:59.15,1:10:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Possibly, yes.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:01.14,1:10:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you know someone is infectious do wash your\Nhands and after bathroom use wash your hands
Dialogue: 0,1:10:07.03,1:10:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most likely don't use antimicrobial\Nsoaps because basically you are developing --
Dialogue: 0,1:10:12.84,1:10:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get rid of the healthy bacteria and\Nmaybe leave a place for unhealthy bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:18.19,1:10:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I said earlier our human body is made of\Nmany cells at least half of those in our bodies
Dialogue: 0,1:10:25.02,1:10:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or more our bacterial nonhuman cells.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:28.28,1:10:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:29.58,1:10:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's so many factors that affect the gut\Nbacteria which includes the birthing process,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:36.34,1:10:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the breastfeeding, exposure dirt, antibiotic\Nexposures, diet and they all are interactive.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:42.55,1:10:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think on that note I\Nwill stop but keep thinking
Dialogue: 0,1:10:47.46,1:10:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the evolutionary background what are\Nyou doing now that your great, great,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:52.90,1:10:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great grandparents would have no idea about?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:57.57,1:11:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's likely that those novelties could\Nbe harmful or increase an allostatic load
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.96,1:11:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could be a co-contributor to many of\Nthese inflammatory diseases we now have.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.05,0:00:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Living in harmony with our\Nevolutionary past, Part 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.32,0:00:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an asynchronous presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.26,0:00:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we all know, we are part of parcel\Nof nature, and it always reminds me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.33,0:00:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we look at our genetics and DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.21,0:00:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, genetically we're, even to\Nbananas, we are 60% genetically similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.39,0:00:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To a cow, about 80%.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.52,0:00:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To a mouse, 85.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.86,0:00:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To a cat, 90.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.12,0:00:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To a chimpanzee, 96% genetically similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.75,0:00:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all modern humans are\N99.9% genetically similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.59,0:00:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a way, we are almost controlled, in a\Nway, or modulated by our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.28,0:00:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And know any variation of that\Nmay make life more challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.73,0:01:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anyway, it sometimes then helps to ask the\Nquestion on a reflection: how did we evolve,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.66,0:01:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how did they live for\Nthose thousands of generations?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.40,0:01:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go back 50,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.98,0:01:07.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did they live?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.49,0:01:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were hunters and gatherers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We ate all variety of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.33,0:01:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We lived in small clans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.95,0:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, people died in childbirth,\Npeople died in accidents,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.14,0:01:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some lived until the age 90, just as much.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There may have been a deduction in some\Nof the illnesses, we now so commonly have,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.79,0:01:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as our inflammatory illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.32,0:01:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, and what kind of foods people\Neat, by which they are allowed themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.43,0:01:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to survive, by which we survived?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.18,0:01:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we move?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.84,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we take rest?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What constitute our social systems,\Nwhich is probably a small thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.10,0:01:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those factors still are\Nseen in our behavior today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.73,0:01:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still react.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.38,0:01:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still live, and optimally, when we accept any\Nand live in harmony with our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.14,0:02:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this presentation will focus more on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.24,0:02:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of it is that I look around, and\NI'm also shocked of how many young children
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.19,0:02:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adults have now autoimmune illnesses, have\Ncognitive disorders, such as ADHD, or you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.76,0:02:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, or how many other\Nillnesses is listed here?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.01,0:02:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how come many of this those diseases\Nare mainly absent in rural Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.29,0:02:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much more common in the\Nindustrialized first world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.54,0:02:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see this kind of epidemic of\Nautoimmune illnesses, of allergies increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.11,0:02:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and increasing all around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.06,0:02:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, how come 1/3rd of American\Nchildren are now pre-diabetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.73,0:02:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is really a horrible\Nprediction for the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.63,0:02:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come there's such an\Nincrease in nearsightedness?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.64,0:02:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come cancer, Alzheimer's disease, appears\Nto be occurring earlier than ever before?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.32,0:03:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how come these diseases are occurring\Nmore frequently, and were almost absent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.42,0:03:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your grandparents generation or\Nin our non-industrialized people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.42,0:03:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the interesting questions\Nto me, because they ask not just,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.46,0:03:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what can we do to treat these disorders,\Nwhat can we do to treat allergies?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.69,0:03:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's remarkable that we can do some of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.17,0:03:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is it that we need to do to things\Nto prevent it, and optimize our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.99,0:03:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is really the sense\Nof trying to understand living
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.05,0:03:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in harmony of our evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.23,0:03:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And statistically, as you can see very well\Non this slide, that many of the illnesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.93,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incidence of infectious diseases, either by\Nviruses or by bacteria, have now been reduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.68,0:03:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at hepatitis A going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.36,0:03:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TB has been going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.100,0:03:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mumps and measles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.19,0:03:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that looks like it's\Nonly due to vaccinations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.22,0:03:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but many of these were already going\Ndown before vaccinations ever occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.42,0:03:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look how we have this -- this epidemic, in\Na way, of these more autoimmune like illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.38,0:04:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, whether it's Crohn's disease,\Nthat's the gastrointestinal disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.81,0:04:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or type one diabetes, asthma,\Nmultiple sclerosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.12,0:04:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's really, it's shocking to me to\Nthink of that, you know, of this radical change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.60,0:04:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also see that it's so\Ninteresting, it says, mainly those diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.58,0:04:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those inflammatory diseases, are\Nthose from the Western Hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.45,0:04:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you look at the graph of\N[inaudible], look at Western Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.21,0:04:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Canada, and the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.45,0:04:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see it's almost totally absent, or\Nmuch less in the other parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.31,0:04:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, and you can even look at\Na rate of their increase in autism,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.47,0:04:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, from very low to now very high.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.36,0:04:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's true that some of this is more\Npowerful diagnostic ways of doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.47,0:04:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We may recognize it when, in the past,\Nit was not recognized as a disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.46,0:04:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also looks like a real phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.73,0:04:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.05,0:04:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you look at many\Nof the allergies we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.23,0:05:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I just think, I keep thinking of\Nthat, you know, I used to remember flying.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.03,0:05:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I flew, people would\Nbe serving peanuts and nuts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.98,0:05:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the concept of having peanut allergy\Njust wasn't part of my awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.46,0:05:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you ask your grandparents, when\Nthey go back and think of their childhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.95,0:05:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were in school, how many of\Nthem knew people who had allergies?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.97,0:05:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many will say, maybe only one in 40.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.97,0:05:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now our students, 1/3rd of us will say,\Ngosh, I have some reactivity emerge.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.26,0:05:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it may be because we have\Nbeen changing our world so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.13,0:05:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are now living away from\Nour evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.37,0:05:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, look at it, for\Nexample, about hay fever.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.90,0:05:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hay fever was first described in 1819, by John\NBostock, and, you know, and it occurred, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.20,0:05:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among people of higher class\Nand living in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.13,0:05:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of it is that if you were a\Nfarm child, or living in the farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.48,0:05:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would be continually exposed to\Nthese -- the materials from the hay,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.01,0:05:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore you would not\Ndevelop this allergy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.71,0:06:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the similar phenomena seems to be it\Nhas occurred for irritable bowel disease
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.34,0:06:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Crohn's disease, that was first\Ndescribed in 1932 by Burrill Crohs, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.73,0:06:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he described this necrotizing\Ninflammation, scarring of the intestines.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.74,0:06:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this disease clearly is associated\Nwith social class, and wealth, and being more
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.56,0:06:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more removed from any part of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.06,0:06:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be one, literally, per 10,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.07,0:06:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's even one per 200.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.06,0:06:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just shocking to think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.72,0:06:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, why is it that\Nthese have all increased?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.71,0:06:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am not saying I know the answers at\Nall, but I'm looking at possible causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.59,0:06:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think they can say it's genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.60,0:06:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think genetics, in many cases, we look at\Nthat, and they can find a genetic, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.76,0:07:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,link that is clear, but in most cases, genetics,\Nyou know, only provides the possibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.25,0:07:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, and it's the environment\Nthat it pulls the trigger to expose it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.34,0:07:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you may have a genetic\Npredisposition to gain weight, and thereby,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.30,0:07:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially get more type two diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.03,0:07:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you don't eat the foods that\Ndo this, you most likely won't get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.53,0:07:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? So look at over the last 30 years,\Nwe have now increased in allergies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.61,0:07:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how come all this may occur?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.08,0:07:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are many factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.18,0:07:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm only listing a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.52,0:07:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure many of you can add many more,\Nand they are all probably correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.27,0:07:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is very difficult to identify that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.56,0:07:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if you do animal studies, you know,\Nwe're not totally, totally the same as animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.78,0:07:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still getting the same foods,\Nand so it is not totally the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.13,0:07:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are hints at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.64,0:07:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's just list a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.44,0:07:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, it's during pregnancy, the fetus experience\Neither a kind of, I'll call malnutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.05,0:07:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's [inaudible] malnutrition\Nin the Western world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.69,0:08:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it really means probably\Ninappropriate amount of essential nutrients,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.97,0:08:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an exposure to endocrine\Ndysregulating chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.10,0:08:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all the plastics, the these\Nare all the pesticides, herbicides,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.20,0:08:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the many things we ingest without knowing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.82,0:08:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in fact act as endocrine\Nin our system's dysregulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.85,0:08:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then because of finance, in many cases,\Nsocioeconomic inequality, during the first year
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.99,0:08:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of life, we don't allow babies\Nto breastfeed and bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.58,0:08:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and possibly to concurrent\Nmalnutrition by giving formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.05,0:08:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by giving formula, you also\Nmiss the transmission of immune --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.52,0:08:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate immune cells, which you\Nhave gotten from the breast milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.34,0:08:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then during early childhood and life, we get\Nexposed to endocrine dysregulating substances.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.08,0:08:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plastics which are all\Nexposed to often act as estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.94,0:09:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pesticides, the herbicides, they\Nall may affect our immune system.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.29,0:09:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, then we have this\Nmassive exposure to antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.02,0:09:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antibiotics are great.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.14,0:09:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, gosh, if you have bacterial\Ninfection, you're going to die,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.22,0:09:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please get the appropriate antibiotic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.90,0:09:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, in so many cases,\Nit's used inappropriately.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.34,0:09:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what antibiotics do do is they basically\Nremove or kill whole groups of bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.02,0:09:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are which are essential for our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.77,0:09:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in fact, we have an impoverished human biome.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.18,0:09:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have excessive hygiene by which,\Nin many ways, we are no longer exposed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.51,0:09:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to some viruses or bacteria, which\Nin the past, would have immunized us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.58,0:09:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see this now coming\Nup in the post-pandemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.03,0:09:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many people have been separated from\Neach other, and now when we meet again,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.45,0:09:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of a sudden, we have an increase in flus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.100,0:09:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's nothing new to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.15,0:09:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has been observed before in\Nthe expeditions to the Antarctica.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.02,0:09:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people in the Antarctica would go, a\Nscientist, they would then be living there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.100,0:10:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the Antarctica winter would occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.55,0:10:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would now have no new people meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.40,0:10:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And first upon -- when they\Nfirst got it together,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.24,0:10:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were a number of flus and illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.34,0:10:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now they were all exposed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.01,0:10:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No new bacteria came in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.07,0:10:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the next six months, or however\Nmuch time it is, none of them got sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.51,0:10:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People did get sick of other diseases, but not\Nof bacterial or viral infections, basically.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.65,0:10:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the first visitor came, and all
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.75,0:10:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a sudden people would get\Ntheir colds or flus again.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.05,0:10:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by not being exposed, we\Nput ourselves more at risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.53,0:10:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our lifestyle, in a\Nway, has really shifted so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.52,0:10:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we're so much -- we sit so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.36,0:10:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have so much lack of movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.31,0:10:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have lights that interfere,\Nin fact, with our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.16,0:10:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Light at night, for example, may --\Nmaybe -- may affect, not only may,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.87,0:11:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does affect our diurnal rhythms,\Nour daily rhythms, because light,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.49,0:11:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially a blue component of\Nlight, tends to suppress melatonin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.10,0:11:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's one of the factors people have\Nhypothesized is why young girls are developing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.18,0:11:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earlier menarche, meaning the first menstruation\Noccur, because they have lights on at night,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.62,0:11:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which disturbs their biological rhythms,\Nas well as increased weight and fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.55,0:11:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many other factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.25,0:11:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? But overall, you could\Nargue that a number of these kind
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.53,0:11:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of newer illnesses are the\Nresult of our lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.22,0:11:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely, we have disrespected our evolutionary\Norigins without realizing that we are part
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.14,0:11:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this intrinsic web, that includes diet,\Nmovement, parasites, biological rhythms,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.62,0:11:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bacteria, you name it, viruses,\Nthey're all part of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.79,0:11:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in many cases, some -- or in many\Ncases, dysfunction can be reversed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.85,0:11:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe even prevented, by respecting\Nand returning to our evolutionary origins.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.07,0:12:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data is overwhelmed that people, for\Nexample, who get up and do significant amount
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.11,0:12:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of movement, tend to have\Nless cardiovascular disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.45,0:12:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice that's a dysfunction\Nwhich can be reversed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.74,0:12:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating less sugar and simple carbohydrates,\Nwhich is not part of our evolutionary past,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.79,0:12:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would mean that they would not develop\Ntype two diabetes, or much less likely.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.54,0:12:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a way, it goes right back\Nto the simple rules of health,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.72,0:12:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we described earlier by Nassim Taleb.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.58,0:12:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything that was not part of our\Nevolutionary past is probably harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.17,0:12:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to underline it again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.34,0:12:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything that was novel, and not part of\Nour evolutionary past is probably harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.45,0:12:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And probably, we don't need\Nevidence of harm to claim that a drug
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.82,0:12:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any unnatural procedure is dangerous,\Neven if that harm does not yet exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.62,0:12:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, the easiest way to optimize health\Nis to remove what he would call via negativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.37,0:12:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remove the unnatural, the unfamiliar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.53,0:12:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, just think of reducing lung cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.65,0:13:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what people have demonstrated very\Nclearly, by stopping smoking, which is pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.07,0:13:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the irritation of the airways.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.20,0:13:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden, lung cancer is\Ndecreased, and a number of other illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.77,0:13:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although right now, we are seeing an\Nincreased epidemic of the use of e-cigarettes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.40,0:13:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will again lead to a future epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.04,0:13:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, remember, from an evolutionary\Nperspective, let me outline, genes survive
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.44,0:13:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prosper if their reproductive\Nfitness increases.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.90,0:13:32.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the changes in our external environment\Ncontinually impacts the natural selection
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.100,0:13:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of genes, named reproductive fitness.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.14,0:13:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Novel and increased inputs\Nreduces our reproductive fitness,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.65,0:13:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could say, act as an allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.89,0:13:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nature and natural selection favors those\Nmutations, those genes, those behaviors,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.89,0:13:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enhance the reproductive fitness\Nwith these novel stimuli, therefore by --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.44,0:13:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thereby reduce the allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.22,0:13:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you keep in mind that that is\Nespecially true for younger people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.88,0:14:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people, you know, in their 20s and 30s.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.59,0:14:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once you have given birth,\Nor an older adult, remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.05,0:14:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're not going to reproduce anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.62,0:14:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then those illness that have much -- are much\Nless affected by this evolutionary perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.68,0:14:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would not expect that\NAlzheimer's is impacted by this,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.66,0:14:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's no natural selection.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.77,0:14:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have already reproduced.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.29,0:14:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? But remember to underline this again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.70,0:14:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Natural selections.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.42,0:14:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals best adapted to their surrounds\Nenjoy increased reproductive success.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.56,0:14:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They pass on the traits, adaptive versus even\Nmaladaptive, or neutral, to their descendants,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.31,0:14:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who gradually consider a greater\Nproportion of the, of the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.95,0:14:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, we carry this imprint\Nof our biological heritage in us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.65,0:14:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's useful to say how and what were we\Ndoing earlier on that allowed us to be us now?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.98,0:14:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, I want to underline this even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.46,0:15:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.78,0:15:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's habitat selection.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.35,0:15:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are wired for whatever\Nhabitat we are involved in.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.93,0:15:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biologists, who study animals in the wild,\Ndescribe this as "habitat selection theory".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.37,0:15:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the general rule is that animals who\Nare in their natural habitat do much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.35,0:15:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They thrive, both physically, and\Npsychologically, and social behavior compared
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.28,0:15:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to animals that are placed in\Nunnatural habitat, such as a zoo.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.80,0:15:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They most likely evolved in the forest of\NAfrica without the presence of digital displays.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.56,0:15:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so by just sitting in front of\Ndigital displays the whole time,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.19,0:15:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just sitting the whole time, we\Nprobably are reducing our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.48,0:15:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people have called sitting the -- you know,\Nour -- the new epidemic of smoking, basically.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.23,0:15:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've said many times before is that\Ngenetics only loads the gun, but our behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.15,0:15:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and environment pulls the trigger.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.20,0:15:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I like that phrase a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.19,0:16:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me look at it -- give an example how our\Nenvironment may cause us to develop illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.24,0:16:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called, the concept is\Nevolutionary or ecological traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.86,0:16:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evolutionary/ecological traps occur
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.25,0:16:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when formally adaptive habitat preference\Nbecome maladaptive, meaning they become harmful,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.26,0:16:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cues the individually preferentially\Nused in selecting habitat may now lead
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.08,0:16:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lower fitness than other alternatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.03,0:16:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that whatever adaptive\Nhabits of preference we evolve for,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.57,0:16:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we allow that to happen\Ntoo much, it may lead to illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.41,0:16:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me give a remarkable example of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.23,0:16:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the birds in the\NPacific called the "albatross".
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.09,0:16:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you go to Midway\NIsland, it's just shocking.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.46,0:16:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Midway -- on Midway Island, you see\Nthese many carcasses of these birds.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.93,0:16:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the skeletons.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.16,0:16:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the feather.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.47,0:16:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see the -- what was left\Nover in a gastrointestinal tract.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.72,0:16:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at all the pieces of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.67,0:16:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.75,0:16:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come? And so many are dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.78,0:17:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think of the albatross going\Nover the ocean from Midway there.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.90,0:17:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an island which is 2,000\Nmiles away from any other islands.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.79,0:17:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the bird lives, you know, eats the fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.82,0:17:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it goes -- it is flying over the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.59,0:17:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sees some shimmering in the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.72,0:17:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like a fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.37,0:17:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those birds, through evolution,\Nwho you know, who have adapted,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.13,0:17:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could identify this the\Nquickest and the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.09,0:17:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would then dive, they\Nwould eat it, swallow it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.79,0:17:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then possibly regurgitate\Nit to their chicks.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.22,0:17:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, however, that same shimmering in the\Nwater now is our small pieces of plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.69,0:17:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are coated, also, by the algae, so it\Nhas some of the similar outer taste initially.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.76,0:17:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now what happens is the birds now take\Nthis plastic, and swallow it as food.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.89,0:17:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, do we say these birds are stupid, or are\Nwe at fault that we have created this world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.74,0:18:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where these birds, we made such a radical\Nshift, so these birds were evolved to --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.18,0:18:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to see that shimmering, they\Nwould then go at it, and now, they would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.75,0:18:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is a very, you know,\Nit looks really challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.62,0:18:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as Professor E.O. Wilson stated, "Organisms,\Nwhen housed in unfit habitats, undergo social,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.90,0:18:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychological and physiological breakdown."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.48,0:18:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, then you see that the\Nhabitat radically changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.54,0:18:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The animal still is wired to\Nfind that shimmering object
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.06,0:18:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as food, but now it's no longer food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.93,0:18:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to keep this down because our weak --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.95,0:18:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our other evolutionary or environmental\Ntraps are there for people today.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.17,0:18:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, just if you look at a piece\Nof paper, think of things that may --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.48,0:18:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may be doing, which you automatically\Ndo, but it basically are triggered
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.09,0:19:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the environment because you\Nhave evolved for that to respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.09,0:19:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause -- I'll pause.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.47,0:19:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't pause.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.35,0:19:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause the computer for writing\Ndown, and let's check it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.05,0:19:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me just think a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.05,0:19:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, we react to cues of food, automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.29,0:19:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see food, we may become hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.96,0:19:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We smell it, we become hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.04,0:19:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We -- you know, automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.43,0:19:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, why?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.17,0:19:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we need food for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.46,0:19:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, for millions of years, probably,\Nyou know, food was only challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.26,0:19:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We always had to hunt for food.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.52,0:19:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, we have really no\Nmechanisms easily to stop eating.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.01,0:19:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is especially true for sugars.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.77,0:19:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all foods that that are\Nsweet are usually not poisonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.80,0:19:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I knew that -- know that the paint that,\Nyou know, lead paint, is sweet when you chew it,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.36,0:19:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pikas [phonetic] that it's called.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.93,0:19:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, that's that rare things.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.74,0:19:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most other things in nature that\Nare sweet are -- represent calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.57,0:20:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, we want to eat them, because\Nwe need the calories for survival,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.40,0:20:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't have an off switch easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.64,0:20:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same thing will be true for fats.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.21,0:20:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are -- when the cue of food is shown to\Nus, we react to eat, want to eat, or hunger.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.85,0:20:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll show that in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.33,0:20:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And the similar part\Nis, I think, for reproduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.93,0:20:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we, you know, that's\Nprobably the drive for pornography is
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.39,0:20:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such is probably the biggest bandwidth on the\NInternet, because there are cues, which said,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.38,0:20:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ah, survival that leads to, maybe\Nbecause, you know, for reproduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.03,0:20:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have all the cues\Naround us for protection.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.69,0:20:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We remember our -- we're historically prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.26,0:20:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were other animals that saw us for\Nfood, so we always had to be very careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.25,0:20:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to look around and be vigilant.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.30,0:20:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still all are.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.04,0:20:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, however, all those cues, which\N-- of sounds, of changing objects around,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.14,0:20:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause us to react all the time, and\Nwhere -- which captures our attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.06,0:21:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, no wonder we tend to\Nget addicted to computer games.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.03,0:21:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we sit, and we watch one -- you\Nknow, we start to watch a Netflix series.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.21,0:21:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Automatically, we keep sitting there,\Nand then the next sequence pops up,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.56,0:21:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't change because\Nwe're captured by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.91,0:21:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, for survival, in\Nsmall groups, for in clans,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.94,0:21:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to know who the power structure\Nwas, because as we, you know, mature,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.63,0:21:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to be part of the power structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.19,0:21:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want to be excluded.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.29,0:21:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to know what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.41,0:21:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in some sense, you could say\Nthat's our social media addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.60,0:21:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's basic -- and\Nit's triggered that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.16,0:21:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our bodies really want to rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.27,0:21:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why expend energy when there's not\Nenough energy you have, or calories?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.45,0:21:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So anytime you could rest, you would do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.84,0:21:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that quickly leads to excess\Nsitting and lack of movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.31,0:21:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, we didn't have to go to the gym.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.79,0:21:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't have to go jogging.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.48,0:22:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our whole world included that\Nphysicalness, and so now our -- it doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.17,0:22:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there are many other things that occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.57,0:22:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Light. We want to be active.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.98,0:22:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to be involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.05,0:22:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, light, artificial lights,\Nwhich keeps us awake, keeps us active,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.89,0:22:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also reduces our rest, interferes with\Nmelatonin, affects our circadian rhythms,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.46,0:22:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,etc. And then the final piece is, from my\Nperspective, the brain cannot, I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.39,0:22:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discriminate between actual\Nand visual auditory images.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.90,0:22:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we watch a film in front of\Nus, for our brain, this is really real.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.71,0:22:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you -- we all would say,\Nyes, I know it's a, it is a drama.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.01,0:22:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a play.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.85,0:22:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't real.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.75,0:22:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, for our body, this the first time\Nin our evolutionary past, well, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.56,0:22:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since cameras were, you know, since\Nyou could do film in late 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.76,0:23:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we could have a picture,\Nwhich was not real.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.15,0:23:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, everything we saw was always real.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.55,0:23:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could touch.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.87,0:23:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when things go into our eyes, our\Nbrains say that's real, and we react this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.73,0:23:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though we may want to argue\Nthat, I think most of you, if not all,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.99,0:23:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have had the experience that if you\Nwatch a horror movie, or horrible scenes
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.15,0:23:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where horrible things happen in a series.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.81,0:23:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you go outside, all of a sudden,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.64,0:23:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that little noise behind you\Ntriggers a massive autonomic response,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.84,0:23:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past, that would not have done that.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.32,0:23:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we -- our bodies saw what\Nwe saw in the film, we act as real.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.47,0:23:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we have really underestimated\Nthat -- how powerful that phenomena is.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.05,0:23:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason we\Nhave these -- we are --
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.22,0:23:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we react all the time, is because\Nour commercial industry uses these --
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.85,0:24:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these cues, which are really traps\Nfor us to capture our eyeballs.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.64,0:24:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the whole basis of our social\Nmedia, of all the many of the [inaudible].
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.70,0:24:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really people don't\Nget paid for the content.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.26,0:24:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get paid for our attention,\Nhijacking our attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.12,0:24:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And equally, for many industries, it is the\Nprofit margin that doesn't ask is it healthy?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.93,0:24:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just asks can we -- will you buy the object?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.26,0:24:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of the, all the cereals,\Nwith highlighting the sugar,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.08,0:24:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the candies in front\Nof the counters, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.17,0:24:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And do we then blame children\Nthat they have no control?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.11,0:24:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a child, who is wired from an evolutionary\Nperspective for survival to eat more calories,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.90,0:24:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it sees the sweets, it wants those.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.14,0:25:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we blame the child, or should we be blaming\Nthe corporate culture, the world around us?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.94,0:25:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe we really need to be\Ncareful with this, and say, oops,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.95,0:25:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may need to define that, and we may\Nneed to set, you know, social constraints
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.44,0:25:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't trigger these\Ndysfunctional behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.36,0:25:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, even watching pictures of food,\Nand smelling it, will activate your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.65,0:25:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it is most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.03,0:25:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I have a slide in that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.65,0:25:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.19,0:25:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the solutions really are that the society\Nmay need to protect its own population
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.40,0:25:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the commercial exploitation of\Nthese evolutionary, ecological traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.01,0:25:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a great, difficult discussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.01,0:25:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we think of the freedom\Nof speech in a very broad sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.57,0:25:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But yes, I think it is a critical issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.61,0:25:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot depend upon self-regulation\Nto reduce our sugar content in our Coke,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.24,0:25:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our in our foods around us, or anything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.23,0:26:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can already see the\Neffect in human physiology
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.57,0:26:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by having been exposed to\Nthese environmental traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.49,0:26:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the brain wave activity,\Nthe quantitative electroencephalograph,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.07,0:26:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain activity, the brains of\Nnormal students today look more
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.05,0:26:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like an ADHD student than 20 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.08,0:26:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the spine of young people today,\Nas colleagues of mine in Canada have observed
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.82,0:26:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the athletics department, that\Ncompared to 20 years ago, the spines are --
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.73,0:26:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the upper spine of these people\Nare slightly more cured for,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.03,0:26:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because our whole world is looking down at\Nour cell phone or looking at our screens.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.67,0:26:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pandemic only, you know, accelerated\Nthis trend that was already going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.91,0:26:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there are so many other qualities,\Nthings that we have, increase of pesticides,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.87,0:26:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of plastics, of BPA, all of that\Nwhich may lead to pathology.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.75,0:27:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we may need to control our -- our legal\Nsystem, the be exposure to protect ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.66,0:27:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.71,0:27:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? But just for fun, let\Nme go back for a moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.42,0:27:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I said about what you see\Nand smell affects your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.97,0:27:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain and visual system, remember, are\Nintimately linked to the acquisition of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.44,0:27:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is necessary for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.22,0:27:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we get an image of\Nfood, and the smell of food,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.84,0:27:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our physiological, neurological changes respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.53,0:27:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it may even be a danger\Nin our growing exposure --
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.26,0:27:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these beautifully presented images of foods,\Nwhich we do each time I go to Facebook --
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.85,0:27:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Facebook, or Instagram, or TikTok.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.21,0:27:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I make a short video on TikTok about the\Ndelicious food I'm eating, or I take a picture
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.39,0:27:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and post it on Facebook or\NInstagram on the food.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.15,0:27:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is, it will\Ninduce this in the person.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.01,0:27:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, I take the picture, and then I can look\Nat the brain, what happens to the person.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.35,0:28:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is their work.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.95,0:28:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see Wang et al, you can see that\Nif you show the food inside a, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.36,0:28:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PET [inaudible] imaging, where you\Ncan see how the blood flow goes
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.93,0:28:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the brain, basically, or metabolism.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.72,0:28:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you see, all of a sudden, that there's\Na 24% increase in the brain metabolism
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.74,0:28:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by just showing the images of\Nfoods while lying in the scanner.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.83,0:28:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a very complicated study,\Nyou know, they only saw the image.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.71,0:28:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They brought the smell in.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.08,0:28:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They put it on your tongue as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.90,0:28:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a very -- it's -- it is a complex one.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.66,0:28:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, imagine -- imagination\Nand seeing it affects physiology.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.06,0:28:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so next time you sent that great meal to\Nyour friend, you may be helping them to want
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.88,0:28:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eat more and increase their obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.71,0:28:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So really, you know, our diet\Nand exercise do change it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.85,0:28:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've been sitting here for a little while now.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.49,0:29:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just for a moment, once again, just get up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.69,0:29:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just get up and move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.37,0:29:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know, it's so hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.64,0:29:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But get up, just wiggle and move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.89,0:29:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just move.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.67,0:29:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm swinging.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.44,0:29:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm swinging.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.45,0:29:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I reach up, and then I look up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.42,0:29:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I look up again, and I look up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.63,0:29:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I take a big breath, and then, and\NI let my sit myself down again.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.64,0:29:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just note it again, when you\Nhave done that, note two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.05,0:29:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, how hard it was to get up and do it,\Nhow much we want to just keep sitting.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.14,0:29:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And two, that after you did it,\Nhow your energy slightly went up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.06,0:29:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? So really, remember, what I want to point\Nout is health is living your evolutionary roots,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.19,0:29:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever increases reproductive\Nfitness predominates.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.40,0:29:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then remember our past,\Nthat we are wired to be prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.36,0:29:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, we start regenerating\Nwhen feel safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.46,0:30:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. And if you look at that more,\Nit means you may look at diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.16,0:30:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll look at that much later in the semester.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.04,0:30:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But have a lot of greens,\Ntubers, nuts, organic foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.64,0:30:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we can see that the absence of some of\Nthe vitamins may lead to significant illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.21,0:30:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll talk about this in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.25,0:30:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lack of Omega 3, which we now have massively\Nupped, because we mainly have Omega 6s,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.35,0:30:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a massive amount of\Ncorn products we eat, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.32,0:30:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may inhibit embryological\Ndevelopment, increase eczema, others.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.73,0:30:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, folic acid, which is part of food\Nof healthy eating, a lot of veggies,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.01,0:30:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may increase the risk of spinal bifida.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.30,0:30:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have all the cases where\Npeople are no longer doing breastfeeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.65,0:30:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll talk about that in a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.37,0:30:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That increases the risk of\NCeliac disease and asthma.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.52,0:30:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have the whole light/night,\Nmelatonin suppression by light.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.10,0:30:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our relationship of\Nour bodies, bacteria, parasites.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.41,0:31:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll talk about that in a moment,\Nlike Crohn's disease, etc. Okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.04,0:31:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let me just see in detail\Na little bit what happens
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.91,0:31:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you disregard your evolutionary background.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.86,0:31:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll go through the following\Nfairly quickly, living in isolation,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.41,0:31:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly formula versus breastfeeding,\Nor breastfeeding versus formula,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.52,0:31:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating processed foods, or really being\N-- having [inaudible] malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.17,0:31:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeding an animal, a carnivore,\Nan herbivore diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.30,0:31:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeding an herbivore a carnivore diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.91,0:31:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeding rats milk protein, casein\Nthat they have never been used to.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.72,0:31:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Possibly, how come we can get\Nfood poisoning, etc., etc. Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.44,0:31:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me first go back to isolation.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.25,0:31:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.41,0:31:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a study at Kaiser, which I really\Nliked, where they looked at the adults
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.83,0:31:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without children, who contract\NCOVID-19, versus those who had children.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.24,0:31:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice that for equivalent ages, this\Nis before we were vaccinated, that adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.92,0:32:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had now -- who are not\Naround little children,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.77,0:32:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were 49% were likely to be hospitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:04.75,0:32:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 76% were likely to have Intensive Care Unit\Nadmissions, than infected adults of similar ages
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.59,0:32:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health histories, who\Nhad young children at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.55,0:32:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really is a very impressive data.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.64,0:32:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suggests both social isolation is harmful,\Nor it really says, gosh, for all our evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.46,0:32:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lived in little clans, that included\Ngrandparents, great grandparents, parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.41,0:32:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children, and even babies, and all together.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.96,0:32:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what it -- but you could\Npossibly argue is that little babies
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.89,0:32:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and toddlers continually have snotty noses.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.97,0:32:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have flus.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.50,0:32:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are -- they're all by\Ndifferent, in most cases, by viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.44,0:32:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by being exposed to that continuously\Nor episodically, we're getting a kind
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.21,0:32:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of natural vaccination, and that may\Nthen protect us from the COVID virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.10,0:33:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because 30% of flus are Coronavirus,\Nwhich is in a similar family as the COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.88,0:33:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's possibly -- and when we've\Nlooked at what happened with COVID,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.64,0:33:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the greatest deaths occurred\Nwith elderly, who were in in locations
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.28,0:33:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there were no little kids\Naround, and had comorbidities.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.89,0:33:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.48,0:33:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we -- you know, let\Nme shift to different ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.53,0:33:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reflect on the statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.27,0:33:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking of the risk and\Nbenefits of feeding a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.05,0:33:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Formula is better because it allows\Nthe mother to sleep and regenerate.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.80,0:33:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It evolves the partner in\Nthe, in the baby's care.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.39,0:33:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? Pros and cons on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.29,0:33:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just stop, and think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.01,0:33:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'll argue a few reasons why maybe\Nbreastfeeding is normal, natural and healthier.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.86,0:33:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this data, I'll talk about, can be very\Nmuch criticized, because you could argue that,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.15,0:33:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by definition, people who can\Nbreastfeed may be more affluent,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.61,0:33:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have different socioeconomic factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.40,0:34:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you control from those, the\Nrisk, these data may slightly disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.55,0:34:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. But there's no way I can be\Npersuaded, from an evolutionary perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.24,0:34:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Pallop's [phonetic] perspective as well,\Nthat a formula can be better than breastmilk,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.23,0:34:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless there, obviously there's some\Nspecific cases of sickness, or others.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.62,0:34:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? But basically, the data is overwhelming\Nfrom this perspective, that children, babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.58,0:34:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are breastfed, have a reduced risk\Nof asthma, obesity, type two diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.24,0:34:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ear and respiratory infections,\Nand sudden infant death syndrome.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.27,0:34:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also, it lowers the mother's\Nrisk of hypertension,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.41,0:34:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,type two diabetes, ovarian and breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.04,0:34:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, but it's so sad is that this is mainly\Nthe chance of economic disparity, and in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.17,0:34:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's our public health policies, or public\Npolicies which basically do not allow,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.16,0:34:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or give women time to breastfeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.37,0:35:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely, in some European countries, you can\Nhave a year off or two years off, where,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.94,0:35:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after you give birth, you can be\Nat home and get your salary paid.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.83,0:35:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we need to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.72,0:35:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically in the US, what we want to do is\Nwe want to not have costs at the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.16,0:35:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we're stuck with these\Nvery high costs as we get older.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.61,0:35:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would recommend we should do the\Ncost upfront, and support the women,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.77,0:35:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their jobs are kept being\N-- that they have equality
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.26,0:35:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can go back to their job afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:26.34,0:35:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you look at the data,\Nthe data is, I think, is clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.64,0:35:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most children, most mothers, if\Nthey can, in some cases you can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.100,0:35:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no harm in that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.66,0:35:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do the best one can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.79,0:35:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in those cases, you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.72,0:35:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most mothers want to breastfeed,\Nand try to continue to.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.86,0:35:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it's very difficult if\Nyou go to work and then you have
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.77,0:35:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pump the breast, and do other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:50.67,0:35:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system is just against us.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.93,0:35:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's too much work.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.07,0:35:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice by, you know, after three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.91,0:35:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only half the baby is very\Nexclusive in breastfeeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.80,0:36:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by 12 months, only 1/3rd, you know,\Nand most supplemented with formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.85,0:36:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is you don't want\Nto supplement with formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.81,0:36:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At best, what you do is you\Nwant to breastfeed continuously,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.80,0:36:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep supplementing other foods,\Nenter other foods continually to it,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.82,0:36:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you also reduce a massive\Nrate of any allergies to food.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.24,0:36:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data is clear that if\Nyou do both at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.67,0:36:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there's very low allergy rates to foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.51,0:36:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, in the United States,\Nthis is really an issue
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.32,0:36:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of economic disparity, and to me, it's immoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.07,0:36:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the quick summaries, and I'll give\Nsome data on these for the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.01,0:36:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It distinctly reduces the breast cancer risk,\Nreduces stress, enhanced bonding for the baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.08,0:36:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hence, its body reduces allergy, reduces\Nobesity, probably enhances immune function.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:46.80,0:36:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look, for the mother in detail, if you study\Nbreast cancer for 10 years after pregnancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.17,0:37:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you see those who, who had 34 more weeks\Nof breastfeeding had a cancer risk drop by 13%.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.30,0:37:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, and there is distinct, and\Nthis is probably much higher than that
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.76,0:37:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if that one gives birth in your early 20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.51,0:37:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a consensus of early\Nfirst birth, an increased number
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.15,0:37:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of full-term birth are associated
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.54,0:37:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with significantly long-term\Nreduction of breast cancer risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.43,0:37:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And I think this is really\Nsomething we don't talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.75,0:37:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the benefits, for the baby,\Nas a group, and again, like I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.15,0:37:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the data is very difficult, because this is\Nso confusing by socioeconomic inequalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.18,0:37:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,babies who are breastfed have higher\NIQs as adults than formula fed.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.20,0:37:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the people born in 1920s\Nand 30s, who are breastfed as babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.62,0:37:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,achieve significantly upward\Nmobility, and they were in their 60s
Dialogue: 0,0:37:44.07,0:37:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 70s, compared to formula fed babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:46.73,0:37:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men and women, who were part\Nof this study in 1937, '39,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:50.89,0:37:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a 50% reduction developing celiac disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.79,0:37:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That seems to be very common.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.80,0:38:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as if, by being breastfed, and then\Nslowly adding food to it, you don't --
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.99,0:38:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can, you can continue\Nto be able to eat glutens,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.17,0:38:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not develop celiac disease,\Ncompared to breastfed babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.93,0:38:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And formula-fed babies are fatter\Nas children, and skinnier as adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.82,0:38:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to underline that.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.43,0:38:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And formula babies are fatter as babies --
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.09,0:38:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry, and as children\Nand adults, they're skinnier.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.86,0:38:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an error there.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:23.70,0:38:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. But remember, the formula are\Nincomplete for the first couple of months.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.79,0:38:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't have all the appropriate fatty acid,\Nwhich are necessary for neural development.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.44,0:38:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although, after a while, the brain will\Nreplace it's all -- our body replaces itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:38.39,0:38:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can all do it, but it still\Nmeans that for the first four months,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.85,0:38:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the baby is getting basically inappropriate\Nproducts, as well as all the immune cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:49.44,0:38:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other things it gets from\Nthe mother via the breastmilk.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.35,0:38:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, even when mother is very conscientious\Nabout pumping milk, and sharing this,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:58.63,0:39:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's just great that can be done, that the\Nmilk is different at different times of day.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.82,0:39:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the mother is going to sleep,\Nthe breastmilk has a different quality,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.44,0:39:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has different substances, which\Nallows the baby to go to sleep more,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.71,0:39:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the same thing in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.52,0:39:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now what happens when you\Nmix things up for the baby?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.04,0:39:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So life is more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.81,0:39:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, babies, who are fed\Nformula, maybe a slight disadvantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.81,0:39:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've already looked at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.23,0:39:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Babies born in 1970, and formula fed, are\Ntwice likely to have neurological problems
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.97,0:39:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at age nine, as compared to exclusive\Nbreastfed for the first three weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.16,0:39:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Premature babies who are formula fed achieve\Nsignificant lower IQ store scores at age eight
Dialogue: 0,0:39:37.30,0:39:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than premature babies who are breastfed.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.15,0:39:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this due to the breastfed milk?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.58,0:39:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The absence of body contact?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:44.28,0:39:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it due because by having the\Nprivilege to be able to breastfeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.51,0:39:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means you're already in\Na more upper social class?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.75,0:39:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many of those, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.56,0:39:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can keep going on these if you\Nlook at formula, maternal milk is better
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.40,0:39:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than formula for pre-term babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:59.20,0:40:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That data is quite good.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.35,0:40:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And then finally, which is the\Nmost interesting part when you think
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.27,0:40:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the evolutionary perspective, it\Nisn't only the baby at this point.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.85,0:40:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to also think of the epigenetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:16.08,0:40:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm not going to talk\Nabout that today, or much.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:18.47,0:40:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But remember that the mother, the\Npregnant mother's lifestyle has an impact
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.45,0:40:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the fetal -- fetus development.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.73,0:40:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the mother is anxious, is stressed, taking\Ndrugs, takes alcohol, it affects the development
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.05,0:40:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the baby, and that is a\Nburden the baby will carry.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.82,0:40:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it gets even more\Nsignificant that, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.48,0:40:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sense that people say illnesses\Nskip a generation, they're sort of right
Dialogue: 0,0:40:49.16,0:40:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very funny way, because\Na pregnant mother, woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.97,0:40:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impacts her baby, but also\Nher future grandchild.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:58.23,0:41:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the little fetus that's\Ndeveloping, all the fetus's eggs,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.29,0:41:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are developing during the time it's a\Nfetus, are impacted by the, by the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.23,0:41:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it means that when that --\Nthe child becomes the mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:14.70,0:41:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its eggs are also have already\Nbeen shaped by her mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:18.81,0:41:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the grandmother, in fact, impacts the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:21.69,0:41:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you look at that, you\Ncan really see how we do --
Dialogue: 0,0:41:24.98,0:41:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how our past transcends into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.57,0:41:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then let's look at totally about\Nsome whole other areas, about foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:33.06,0:41:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I cannot say enough about how, I would say\Nhow bad, we know anyways, the US food supply is.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.90,0:41:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Bad" as the wrong word to use.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:46.60,0:41:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How unnutritious [phonetic] in any way it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.88,0:41:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's remarkable that we get plenty of calories,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.56,0:41:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's very important\Nif you don't have calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.34,0:42:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we are now becoming a world of\Nmalnutrition, [inaudible] malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.93,0:42:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we often spend lots of money,\Ntime, on foods that are not nutritious.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:07.37,0:42:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a single case study, as\Nwe're about to look out for fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:11.92,0:42:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you drink 10 cokes a day for a month.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.66,0:42:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's not a study, it's a case report,\Nbut I think it makes perfect sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.03,0:42:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you drink a can, a 12-ounce can of\NCoke, you're drinking 39 grams of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.14,0:42:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that's a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:26.11,0:42:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.85,0:42:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outcome after one month,\Nincreased weight by 23 pounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.66,0:42:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insulin levels, the person became prediabetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.83,0:42:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blood pressure's increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:36.29,0:42:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body fat increased by 9%.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.30,0:42:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this equal -- and later on, a Harvard\Nstudy has also shown this drinking one can
Dialogue: 0,0:42:43.52,0:42:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of soda can lead to a five-pound\Nweight gain in the year.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.62,0:42:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also drinking soda daily is so linked\Nto early death and increased likelihood
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.93,0:42:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having a heart attack or stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.47,0:43:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also linked in women with an increase\Nin osteoporosis, even with athletes.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.05,0:43:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. So I'm not recommending\Ndrinking Cokes by definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.34,0:43:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just when we don't listen to our\Nevolutionary diet, or background,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.60,0:43:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we now do changes, it may backfire on us.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:13.88,0:43:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to use a few -- I'm\Ngoing to give three examples of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.88,0:43:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can think of many more, but I'm trying\Nto think of a way of thinking about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.98,0:43:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. So what I look for is, when\Nyou feed carnivores a herbivore diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:27.50,0:43:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you feed herbivores a carnivore diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.08,0:43:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you feed rats foods they were\Ntotally unfamiliar with in their history.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.94,0:43:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.37,0:43:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? This goes back to 1985.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:41.24,0:43:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is in the US zoos.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:43.28,0:43:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cheetahs were not doing well.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:44.96,0:43:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had many deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.76,0:43:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only 18 births.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:47.82,0:43:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seven died.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.51,0:43:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sixty % of Cheetahs had liver damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:51.24,0:43:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only 10% of females produced cubs.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:54.29,0:43:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could argue, well, they\N-- because they're in a zoo.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:56.37,0:43:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It worked out it's not the\Ncase, because in the zoos
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.77,0:44:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in South Africa, the cheetahs were doing well.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.67,0:44:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the cheetahs are about the\Nfastest animals in the world, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.19,0:44:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so they had -- but in South\NAfrican zoos, they had no problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.71,0:44:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Well, what does, what\Nis the food we're feeding?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.47,0:44:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who knows what it totally is, but what\Nthe major factors appear to be the diet
Dialogue: 0,0:44:18.01,0:44:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cheetah's health in South African -- in\NSouth Africa, the cheetahs ate all carcasses,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.26,0:44:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whole meat, just like they did\Nfor their evolutionary past.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.22,0:44:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the US, the cheetahs decide\Nto eat commercial,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.52,0:44:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prepared cat food because it's much cheaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.77,0:44:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was horsemeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:33.54,0:44:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.07,0:44:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they include a lot of soybean\Nproducts, are added for protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.37,0:44:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soy contains daidzein and genistein,\Nwhich acts as weak estrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.04,0:44:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And estrogens can affect liver, and increase\Nthe size of uterus, possibly also carcinogenic
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.81,0:44:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in excessive, if you're estrogen-sensitive\Nfor breast cancer patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.93,0:44:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is so interesting, when\Nthey got rid of the soy,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.82,0:45:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they gave the animals only meat their health\Nimproved, and their fertility improved again.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.23,0:45:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying that eating\Nsoy causes this at all
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.83,0:45:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in human beings, because we are not carnivores.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.15,0:45:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are omnivores.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.02,0:45:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although, I have my questions\Nabout, you know, non-organic.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:17.31,0:45:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would not quite recommend that.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:20.05,0:45:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then look at the opposite one.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.13,0:45:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Mad Cow Disease episode\Nthat occurred about 20, 25 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.32,0:45:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was -- happened mainly in Britain.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:29.82,0:45:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened is that the animals\Ndeveloped something called "Mad Cow Disease",
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.58,0:45:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy,\Nessentially degenerating brain disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.44,0:45:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a similar disease that is seen in\Nhuman beings, as Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.75,0:45:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a prion disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:48.42,0:45:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's transmitted by eating\Npart of the brain tissue.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.19,0:46:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's also between human beings, because\Nthe way, you know, when you go to New Guinea,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:00.56,0:46:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, historically, there was a large\Nepisode of this kind of disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.74,0:46:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because when the people would fight\Neach other in New Guinea, the tribes,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.65,0:46:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the winning tribe would\Neat the brain of their --
Dialogue: 0,0:46:15.60,0:46:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the person they had beaten in the battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.73,0:46:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they were now infected with this\Nprion, they would then get the same disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.71,0:46:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. So we know if you eat the nervous\Ntissue, then that could be an issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.23,0:46:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most likely people hypothesize\Nthat Mad Cow Disease in Britain started
Dialogue: 0,0:46:36.91,0:46:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they changed the way, the way the\Nmeat waste products were distributed.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:44.88,0:46:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely, what that people did, is\Nyou would collect meat products,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.77,0:46:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that could be from cows, from\Nsheep, from all others, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.80,0:46:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you would process this to make a meat\Npowder, which you would then feed to the cows
Dialogue: 0,0:46:58.68,0:47:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to quickly have them gain\Nweight and produce more milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.76,0:47:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? So now, basically, you're\Ngiving the cows who are --
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.20,0:47:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose GI tract is really evolved to\Neat grass, very low, low quality,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:12.59,0:47:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could say food, low-calorie food.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.25,0:47:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You now feed it a carnivore diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:19.36,0:47:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most likely, in that process, when you now\Nfed them these waste products, all ground up
Dialogue: 0,0:47:24.78,0:47:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and processed, that contains the prions from the\Nsheep, which, in sheep, it's called "scrapie",
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.08,0:47:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then that let it be expressed in cows.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.56,0:47:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when these cows were slaughtered\Nagain, you would then take their waste products
Dialogue: 0,0:47:37.65,0:47:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as placeholders [phonetic], and you\Nwould then feed it to other cows.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:41.48,0:47:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that's most likely\Nhow Mad Cow Diseases start.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:45.07,0:47:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the quickest way is to\Nstop by not doing that anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:49.25,0:47:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's, you know, I'm not saying\Nthat eating meat would be harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:53.87,0:48:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But possibly, if you never were exposed to\Nit, then your GI tract may not be able to cope
Dialogue: 0,0:48:00.08,0:48:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the scrapie, or with the prion\Nor other things that may be occurring.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:04.93,0:48:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's when you step outside of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:07.05,0:48:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then let me do a different one.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:09.70,0:48:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very interesting one about rats.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.98,0:48:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an old study by Campbell and\NCampbell, or it's really about,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.57,0:48:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really by Wells, even older, in 1976.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.34,0:48:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take rats and you give\Nthem a low-dose aflatoxin,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.29,0:48:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a very powerful carcinogenic\Nagent that will induce tumors in cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:48:30.85,0:48:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in most people, if a dosage high enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:33.38,0:48:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you give them a very low dose.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:34.80,0:48:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is interesting is you get these\Nnormal rats, you get this low dose.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.09,0:48:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have them eat the normal rat Chow,\Nand then cancer is expressed in all the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:49.29,0:48:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what you do is you change --\Nand you change the rat chow to food.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.02,0:48:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because basically, what the\Nwhat is the rat food?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:57.14,0:49:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little rat pellets, but it's\Nalso has a lot of milk products in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.30,0:49:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,milk protein called "casein" in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.64,0:49:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think from an evolutionary perspective,\Nrats never drank milk or milk products.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.12,0:49:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean they eat everything, probably not\Nmilk, so their body probably did not know how
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.26,0:49:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to process this, then it's an allostatic load.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:17.05,0:49:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is so interesting is when you reduce the\Nconsumption of -- in the foods to 5% of casein,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:23.85,0:49:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then when you give them this\Naflatoxin, it would induce cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.13,0:49:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cancer does not occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:29.83,0:49:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see as if the casein\Nincreases, or reduces the immune response,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:38.13,0:49:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ability, and allows the cancer to occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:42.20,0:49:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, from my simplistic perspective, is\Nthat rats never ate milk or milk products,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:49.22,0:49:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is a novelty, and\Nthen there's a long-term cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.33,0:49:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some evidence, in human\Nbeings, that eating lower animal --
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.73,0:50:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lower levels of animal protein is\Nassociated of lower cancer rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:01.40,0:50:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the more veggies and fruits you\Neat, the -- probably the better it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.66,0:50:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not as clear because the Inuit\Npeople, in the, in the Arctic, eat mainly,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:11.11,0:50:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,historically ate mainly animal\Nproducts, lots of fats
Dialogue: 0,0:50:17.30,0:50:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and blubber, and they did not develop cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.50,0:50:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that it may not be as clear as it all looks.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:25.67,0:50:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know, living in harmony,\Nwith your evolutionary past,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.98,0:50:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may give hope for a number of disorders.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:29.72,0:50:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to make a whole\Nlong list for a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.03,0:50:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some suggested -- some\Nsuggestions, that even epilepsy in children,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.11,0:50:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and epilepsy is a complex disease, it's not\Nsimple, but for some, can be at least controlled
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.13,0:50:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by eating a total ketogenic diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.06,0:50:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is very hard to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:48.49,0:50:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just eating -- and for them, if\Nyou put them on a ketogenic diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:52.91,0:50:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then if they just eat one cupcake, which would\Nthen be a refined flour, would trigger seizures.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.39,0:51:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many other factors, but this is at\Nleast one, the person could have control over.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.12,0:51:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, I alluded to the cancers,\Ngiving a low dose of Aflatoxin..
Dialogue: 0,0:51:05.68,0:51:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this may also suggest that possibly,\Nwhat the foods we're now eating,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.23,0:51:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of are so strange, and not\Npart of our evolutionary background,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:16.67,0:51:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it may do something for\Nus as equally in a similar way.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:19.85,0:51:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:21.54,0:51:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's a case of, again, which you\Nwill watch, multiple sclerosis, by Terry Wahls,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:27.90,0:51:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has severe multiple sclerosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.100,0:51:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She adopts a hunting and gathering diet, and\Nthen their diet reverses her M.S. totally.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.98,0:51:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, there are case examples,\Nbut I think they give hints.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:38.05,0:51:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we need to think of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.87,0:51:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we, you know, when look at your\Ntissue, look at your hand for a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.92,0:51:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at -- remember, every cell in\Nyour body, everything, your whole body,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.74,0:51:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is built, created from the foods we ate.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:54.93,0:51:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you eat -- you know, think\Nof building a house.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:58.80,0:52:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have very good materials,\Nand you have a very good plan,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:02.78,0:52:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the house will be very strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:04.27,0:52:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plan could be your genetics\Nand the epigenetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.86,0:52:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even with a very good map plan,\Nif you have poor materials, the house,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:15.15,0:52:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the building you're making, will not be\Nas good, and would be in danger of collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:19.72,0:52:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think of it this way, and\Nnow much of our foods for eating,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:24.24,0:52:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partly because of the greener\Nrevolution, which has been great.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.03,0:52:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows all of us to have\Nenough -- plenty of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:29.79,0:52:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is there is always a balance, but\Nour Mona culture, and our processed foods,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:36.07,0:52:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may eliminate many important micronutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:41.36,0:52:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we're not aware of what we need.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.78,0:52:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, our pesticides and herbicides.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:46.37,0:52:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just thinking of Monsanto's Roundup,\Nwe'll do this later when we talk about food,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:50.45,0:52:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are carcinogenic and immune\Nsuppressant, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:54.90,0:52:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's lots of\Nevidence that we -- that our --
Dialogue: 0,0:52:58.13,0:53:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the foods we eat may, or the lack of foods we\Neat, may be a cause of a number of illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:05.82,0:53:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of going back\Nduring the ages of the --
Dialogue: 0,0:53:12.39,0:53:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- you know, just think back of the age of\Nsailing, where sailors got scurvy, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.25,0:53:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why did they get scurvy?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:20.90,0:53:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scurvy -- because the foods they\Nwere eating was either pickled.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:24.53,0:53:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were they were not getting enough\Nvitamin C, so they lost their teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.01,0:53:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a massive death rate\Nof sailors due to scurvy.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.67,0:53:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't until the observation was made\Nthat when they ate limes, citrus fruit,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:38.18,0:53:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contained vitamin C, there are many foods\Nthat have more Vitamin C, they don't say --
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.29,0:53:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start to eat those, then\Nthey could solve that disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:45.85,0:53:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then in the late 19th century, you know,\Nwith the advent of the result of colonialization
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.48,0:54:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the -- in much of the world, and the\Nidea that brown rice was sort of, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:01.25,0:54:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's for common people,\Nthat white rice was best.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:04.89,0:54:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the trouble was, by eating white rice,\Nyou get rid of the Vitamin B1, thiamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:11.54,0:54:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that led then to a very serious\Nneuro -- neurological disease, Beriberi.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.94,0:54:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it was because we\Nstarted not eat the whole foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:20.28,0:54:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's so many of these, we can think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:22.61,0:54:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? Let me do another one\Nhere about Spina Bifida.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:25.99,0:54:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spina Bifida, you know, is really that the spine\Ndoes not close of the little -- of the fetus.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.79,0:54:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it can totally be almost\Navoided, at least decreased, if the,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:37.89,0:54:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the food contains enough folic acid.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:40.69,0:54:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you get folic acid by?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:42.62,0:54:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By eating spinach, asparagus, turnips,\Ngreens, legumes, many of these.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:47.50,0:54:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And organ meats, such as liver\Nand kidney, all can take folate.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:51.26,0:54:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need to take a pill.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:52.53,0:54:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to eat the right foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.53,0:54:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I see these, that we need to\Nadd these, these substance to the foods,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:59.01,0:55:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really telling me, we're\Neating the wrong foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:05.15,0:55:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And I already talked about Vitamin C. Or\Nthink of Omega 3, or fatty, you know, fish oils.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.41,0:55:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the data looks very good,\Nthat mothers, who are at high risk,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:19.17,0:55:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's genetic for allergic disease, when they\Ngot Omega 3 some 21 weeks of gestation to birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.44,0:55:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there was a significant decrease\Nin eczema, egg allergies, and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:32.60,0:55:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice, it almost -- it went from 12% for the\Ncontrols, who didn't get it, to 7%, 15 to 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:39.37,0:55:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most likely, if the mothers had had from the\Nbeginning, at the beginning of pregnancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.41,0:55:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe these numbers would leave me much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:48.18,0:55:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this a result at age one, so notice\Nthe long-lasting cost by having a diet
Dialogue: 0,0:55:53.64,0:55:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is low in Omega 3, at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.92,0:56:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our diet right now is massively weighted\Nto Omega 6s, which is highly inflammatory,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.06,0:56:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so much of the foods we eat are --\Ninclude corn oils, etc., which are all Omega 6s.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:09.27,0:56:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? But even a changed behavior, if you\Ngive Omega 3 supplements for six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:16.11,0:56:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a double-blind\Nstudy for 8 to 16 year olds.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:20.84,0:56:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, overall, what you see\Nis that sort of reduction in --
Dialogue: 0,0:56:25.74,0:56:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significantly in behavior problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:28.56,0:56:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just really remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:30.29,0:56:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:31.05,0:56:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I'm going to shift again to diet one\Nmore time, going back to the exposure of getting
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.10,0:56:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to food poisoning, which so often occurs\Nin our modern diet, where all of a sudden,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:43.02,0:56:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of people die, or hundreds\Nof people die, and some -- or get sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:47.05,0:56:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a few die because they ate\Nhamburgers, or even the romaine lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:51.34,0:56:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's one of romaine lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:52.71,0:56:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question really is, what caused it?
Dialogue: 0,0:56:56.38,0:57:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in most cases, we would see it's caused,\Nbasically, you know, by E. coli, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:57:03.52,0:57:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look at -- but I would want to\Nargue that it's really what we have done
Dialogue: 0,0:57:07.13,0:57:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the -- with our cows and our animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:09.48,0:57:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me take you through a\Nlittle story, why we get --
Dialogue: 0,0:57:13.63,0:57:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly one pathway, we get food\Npoisoning in one case, and not in the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:20.05,0:57:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. The normal diet of a cow is\Nbasically somehow grass, as is on the left,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:25.12,0:57:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we bring them to a feedlot\Nwhere they're getting a lot of grains.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:28.46,0:57:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason you do this, because\Nthey'll bulk up very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.20,0:57:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the gastrointestinal\Ntract of a cow is not really --
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.08,0:57:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it did, you know, from an evolutionary\Nperspective, it does not to have to process it.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:41.04,0:57:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it changes the pH in the\Ncow, in the in the fecal mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:46.68,0:57:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. And so if you look at that, at the --
Dialogue: 0,0:57:48.70,0:57:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at the manure cattle\Neating grass, is about 7.3.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:52.77,0:58:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the manure of cattle at feedlots, with\Ngrain, which is very high caloric value, is 5.3.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:01.01,0:58:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why is this important?
Dialogue: 0,0:58:04.61,0:58:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. All the manure in cows contain E. coli,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:07.100,0:58:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are many different\Nversions of E. coli.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:10.45,0:58:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're the one that lets\Nus get sick, really get sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:14.84,0:58:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the E. coli 0157.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:17.43,0:58:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is an E. coli that's survives at a\Nvery low pH, a much more acidic condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:22.62,0:58:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And notice, that if the manure of the cow is --
Dialogue: 0,0:58:27.01,0:58:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that eats grass is 7.3, there will\Nbe a very low number of this E. coli,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:31.66,0:58:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they would really survive\Nwell at this higher pH. And then
Dialogue: 0,0:58:35.79,0:58:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when that cow gets slaughtered,\Nkeep that in mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:38.73,0:58:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then probably sometimes the intestinal\Ncontents contaminates the meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:44.25,0:58:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you eat your hamburger,\Nwith the contamination in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:48.58,0:58:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since it is the E. coli\Nthat survives at 7.3,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:52.01,0:58:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you now eat it, it goes into your stomach.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:55.100,0:59:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the stomach is a pH of two, and\Nthose E. coli essentially all get killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:02.85,0:59:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you don't get sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:04.45,0:59:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, on the other hand, if you're eating\N-- if you're eating meat from the cattle,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:08.94,0:59:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a feedlot, that has been eating\Nthe mainly grain, its manure is 5.3.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:15.59,0:59:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it's in -- and you see a thousand\Ntimes more E. coli, you know, 0157,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:22.32,0:59:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the one that is really --\Nmakes us very sick, as I pointed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:27.43,0:59:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you now -- and then I\Nmultiply in the meter [phonetic] or so.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:31.61,0:59:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now when you eat them, they go through\Nyour stomach, but now they can survive this pH,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:37.06,0:59:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this acid [inaudible], and 10% survive that,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.22,0:59:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they start multiplying this\Nlethal infection in their intestines.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:45.81,0:59:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is really the big difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:49.35,0:59:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the cure is probably not to try\Nto give antibiotics or anything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:55.10,0:59:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would say maybe we should think\Nof the evolutionary background.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:58.24,1:00:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What should cattle be eating\Nto reduce [inaudible]?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:02.69,1:00:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we fed the cows hay or grass,\Nthen the pH would stay up to 7.3,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:10.36,1:00:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we would reduce the odds of having\Nthis E. coli 0157, be present in the foods.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:16.31,1:00:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because now, if the cattle that has the --
Dialogue: 0,1:00:19.32,1:00:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is from the feedlot is slaughter,\Nthe meat is contaminated.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:22.84,1:00:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when you eat it, you potentially get sick.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:24.86,1:00:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But moreover, the manure of this\Ncattle, at 5.3, drifts over fields
Dialogue: 0,1:00:32.61,1:00:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there may be spinach is grown, or other\Nfoods are grown, or a worker carries this
Dialogue: 0,1:00:38.26,1:00:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their boots and goes to those\Nfields, or goes through the water.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:41.51,1:00:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then all of a sudden, you are spraying some\Nfields or vegetables with this E. coli 0157,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:48.38,1:00:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you can get sick by\Neating even the vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:52.03,1:00:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, I think that's enough.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:54.76,1:00:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And then there's so many\Nother factors, I can keep going,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:58.46,1:01:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the foods we eat also change our bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:03.17,1:01:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the foods we eat affect which\Ncolonies of bacteria increase or decrease.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:09.97,1:01:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of the foods, we now eat, look\Nthe same, and are totally different.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:14.64,1:01:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all the grain, corn, soy,\Nprocessed foods and meats contain low level
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.75,1:01:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Monsanto's produced herbicides, Roundup,\Nand other herbicides and pesticides.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:26.29,1:01:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those -- and they, in fact, suppress\Nsome of the healthy human biome bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:33.58,1:01:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow the more pathological\Nones to continue.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:37.65,1:01:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Possibly, this, we may have\Nmessed up, they go back
Dialogue: 0,1:01:40.99,1:01:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think how we're living in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:43.56,1:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, we are an ecological system.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:46.81,1:01:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to underline this.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:48.43,1:01:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We -- and now move even more to a\Nslight different perspective on this,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:52.86,1:01:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to some illnesses that evolved with\Nparasites, bacteria and viruses, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:58.66,1:02:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we eliminate some of those bacteria\Nor parasites, the balance is disrupting.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:04.73,1:02:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pathology can occur.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.03,1:02:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you have experienced that\Nalready when you've taken antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.41,1:02:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often more women may have experienced that\Nmore -- when they have no problems at all,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:15.21,1:02:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they took an antibiotics\Neven, even maybe for acne.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:18.51,1:02:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the antibiotic not only killed a\Nwhole class of bacteria in their GI tract,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:24.03,1:02:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also in the vaginal barrel, and\Nthen they developed a yeast infection.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:29.03,1:02:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when you remove certain groups\Nof bacteria, others will take over.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:34.73,1:02:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is critical is the\Nbalance, and I want to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.11,1:02:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's all that you'll be\Nreading in the book by Blaser,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:41.45,1:02:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which really looks at the human biome.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:42.77,1:02:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to go back now for a moment\Nabout our parasites, bacteria and viruses.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.63,1:02:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've lived with those forever.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:49.77,1:02:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in symbiosis.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.18,1:02:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is really where the bacteria are\Nmutual, you know, we live together.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:55.65,1:02:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're in different categories.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:57.62,1:03:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In mutualism, we both benefit, and\Nmany bacteria benefit by living
Dialogue: 0,1:03:01.37,1:03:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with us, and we benefit from them.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:04.23,1:03:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there's commensal, which is where one\Nbenefits, but not the other one doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:08.90,1:03:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no harm, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:10.31,1:03:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the final one is very truly a parasite,\Nwhere one benefits and the other one is harmed,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.45,1:03:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the harm can be very [inaudible].
Dialogue: 0,1:03:17.11,1:03:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're intrigued in parasites, specifically,\Na great older book, which I really like is
Dialogue: 0,1:03:23.57,1:03:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Rob Dunn, "The Wildlife of our Bodies".
Dialogue: 0,1:03:26.68,1:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really the epidemic of absence.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:28.98,1:03:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a way of understanding\Nautoimmune illnesses, you know.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:33.04,1:03:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me give this as an example.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:35.27,1:03:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1930s and 40s, nearly\Nhalf American children had worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.15,1:03:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you go all around the\Nworld, in third-world countries,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:46.25,1:03:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except in a weird [phonetic] world, that's\NWestern, educated, industrialized, rich,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:50.82,1:03:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democratic countries, many people\Nhad little worms, you know,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:57.17,1:03:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes like whipworms and others.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:59.61,1:04:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most cases, they were very benign,\Nunless you had too many of them.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:03.29,1:04:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some bits you never want to get.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:06.87,1:04:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. And one way that, in the 1930s, most of\Npeople had it, just like your dog has worms
Dialogue: 0,1:04:12.45,1:04:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at times, okay, but to it -- but usually\Nthe way you would avoid getting worms is
Dialogue: 0,1:04:17.40,1:04:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you would not have to\Nwalk on human fecal mass.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:19.70,1:04:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what you then did is,\Nbut you, if you wore shoes
Dialogue: 0,1:04:22.37,1:04:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and used indoor toilet, you're\Nless likely to get it.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:26.47,1:04:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is so interesting is that a disease\Ncalled "Crohn disease" did not exist in places
Dialogue: 0,1:04:32.55,1:04:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people -- generally didn't have\Nplace where people have intestinal worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:36.19,1:04:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as the intestinal worms have become\Nvery rare, which we have done in the US,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:41.19,1:04:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many other places, all\Nof a sudden, we get this --
Dialogue: 0,1:04:44.86,1:04:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much worse, and the whole serious\Nillness called "Crohn's disease".
Dialogue: 0,1:04:49.05,1:04:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now worms is always relevant.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:50.81,1:04:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having a few worms in you, and\Nmany of you -- they would --
Dialogue: 0,1:04:55.23,1:04:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would intake them, and they would\Nmultiply you, you would excrete the eggs,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:59.29,1:05:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be one cycle\Ntill you get reinfected.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:01.67,1:05:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others could be very harmful.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:03.03,1:05:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in many cases, they could be more, you\Nknow, they would just do a tiniest harm.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:09.01,1:05:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only if you're highly malnutritioned,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:11.15,1:05:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other issues were going\Non, that it was very harmful.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:14.03,1:05:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, I want to underline again,\Nmost people had experience of worms
Dialogue: 0,1:05:19.38,1:05:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the 20th century, but by\Nhaving better hygiene, wearing shoes,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:23.96,1:05:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and children are now growing up\Nwithout ever having had worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:28.71,1:05:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the worms can live in our, you\Nknow, GI tract, or a bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:32.64,1:05:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not recommending them in a bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:34.22,1:05:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to survive, however, to survive\Nwithin the host, worms must interact with,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:40.90,1:05:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change those immune system, you see.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:43.100,1:05:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some worms can cause disease, but\Nmany are not possibly even harmful,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:47.55,1:05:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and may even be beneficial\Nfor our immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:50.58,1:05:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's hard to believe, I know, conceptually.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:53.57,1:06:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you could argue, if we live for as\Nlong as we know, with some parasites,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:02.16,1:06:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our immune system would then be\Nin a kind of balance with the,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:06.38,1:06:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these parasites, or with these worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.66,1:06:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, if you take these worms away, then\Nour immune system may not know how to cope.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:15.33,1:06:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is now believed that the inflammatory\Nbowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:22.10,1:06:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really partial -- is partially caused\Nby dysregulation of mucosal immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:29.84,1:06:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, so we see this massive\Nincrease in Crohn's disease.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:34.82,1:06:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If, on the other hand, if during childhood,\Nyou get exposures to helminths, that's worms,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:40.98,1:06:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they somehow talk to your immune\Nsystem, or they produce something
Dialogue: 0,1:06:44.50,1:06:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which tells the immune system, "Hey, slow down.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:47.25,1:06:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just here as a passenger.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:48.83,1:06:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't do too much.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:49.75,1:06:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just keep it cool."
Dialogue: 0,1:06:51.41,1:06:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm making this up.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:52.48,1:06:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the as if it -- it\Ndampens down the inflammation.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:59.42,1:07:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But without that experience, the immune\Nsystem has no, has no way to change.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:04.79,1:07:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is one of the hypothesized\NJoel Weinstock,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:07.89,1:07:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has done some very\Ninteresting studies on using helminth,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:11.23,1:07:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parasitic worms, to help the immune system.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:14.04,1:07:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I pointed out earlier,\Nthe disease, Crohn's disease,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:17.84,1:07:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a very difficult illness on our GI tract.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:22.30,1:07:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where our immune system is attacking,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:24.42,1:07:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it causes horrible\Nabdominal pain, skin rashes, right?
Dialogue: 0,1:07:27.58,1:07:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just truly difficult.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:30.07,1:07:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? It's just a disaster.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:32.12,1:07:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it now estimates 1/3rd, three million\Npeople have this, at least in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:39.16,1:07:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the ways, if you think about\Nit, how come Crohn's disease does not exist
Dialogue: 0,1:07:44.29,1:07:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in third world countries,\Nbecause people have worms?
Dialogue: 0,1:07:46.46,1:07:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a hypothesis, by the way, but people\Nhave been doing episodic experiments on this.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:53.37,1:07:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now in a more systematic study by\NJoel Weinstock, he took chronic people,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:57.85,1:08:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with chronic Crohn's disease,\Nthey now gave them worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.82,1:08:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you know, whipworm, it's just benign.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:04.18,1:08:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't do any harm.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:05.89,1:08:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you put little eggs in it.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:07.06,1:08:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't even know you're swallowing them.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:09.05,1:08:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened in this study of these 29\Npatients, four patients, "Oh, yuck, worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:13.43,1:08:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to do this."
Dialogue: 0,1:08:14.31,1:08:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they got a medication\Nto get rid of the worms.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:17.25,1:08:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in 24 weeks, all by one patient was\Ndoing -- 21 patients were in remission.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:23.91,1:08:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that is remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:26.75,1:08:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their bodies were much healthier than\Nwhen they had -- now, they had parasites.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:31.36,1:08:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, you know, this is very suggestive,\Nand it's a similar model you see later,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:36.39,1:08:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you'll be reading in the book by Blaser,\Nabout the whole part of our human biome,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:41.70,1:08:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when they're empty, then there's absence.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:43.91,1:08:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember to underline, going back\Nagain to the inflammatory GI disorders,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:51.07,1:08:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,promising remedial acts against\Nirritable bowel disease,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:55.50,1:08:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other allergic autoimmune\Nillnesses, is helminth therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:58.80,1:09:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can also be probably bacterial\Ntherapy, or human biome therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:04.52,1:09:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cure with helminth therapy seems\Nto me that was effective therapy
Dialogue: 0,1:09:07.84,1:09:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the irritable bowel disease\Ncurrently proposed.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:11.50,1:09:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And now I'll jump even more\Nthat the human biome is active
Dialogue: 0,1:09:17.18,1:09:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a vital participant in our lives.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:18.77,1:09:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, more than a half of your -- of the\NDNA in your body are bacteria, our human biome.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.71,1:09:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's critical.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:26.52,1:09:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do look at the book like Blaser.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:28.82,1:09:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we get these exposures to these\Ndifferent ones, in many different ways.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:33.02,1:09:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, kids play in the dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:34.47,1:09:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating dirt is very helpful.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:38.81,1:09:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you know, our GI tract,\Nthese bacteria produce serotonin.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:43.28,1:09:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many, in fact, interestingly,\Nmany of our antibiotics are derived
Dialogue: 0,1:09:47.90,1:09:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from material, you know, grown in dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:51.83,1:09:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So play the dirt.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:52.69,1:09:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's much better.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:53.45,1:09:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And maybe we shouldn't be\Nusing so many antimicrobial soaps.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:58.83,1:10:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, possibly, yes, if you know\Nsomeone is infectious, do wash your hands.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:03.73,1:10:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after bathroom, use -- wash your hands.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:07.03,1:10:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most likely, don't use antimicrobial\Nsoaps, because basically, you are developing --
Dialogue: 0,1:10:12.88,1:10:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get rid of the healthy bacteria, and\Nmaybe leave a place for unhealthy bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:18.19,1:10:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I said earlier, our human body is made of\Nmany cells, at least half of those in our body,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:24.89,1:10:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so more are bacterial, non-human cells.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:28.26,1:10:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's most interesting.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:30.21,1:10:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's so many factors that affect the gut\Nbacteria, which includes the birthing process,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:36.34,1:10:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the breastfeeding exposure,\Ndirt, antibiotic exposures, diet.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:40.57,1:10:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they all are interactive.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:42.55,1:10:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think, on that note, I will stop.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:46.18,1:10:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But keep thinking of the\Nevolutionary background.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:49.78,1:10:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are you doing now, that your great, great,\Ngreat grandparents would have no idea about?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:57.93,1:11:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It -- and it's likely that those novelties could\Nbe harmful, or increase in allostatic load,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.96,1:11:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it could be a co-contributor to many\Nof these inflammatory diseases we have now.