[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.34,0:00:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Here we have a view of Florence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.69,0:00:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we can see the bell tower,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.35,0:00:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Campanile in the\Ncenter, and then on the left
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.72,0:00:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a little corner of the Baptistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.51,0:00:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the back end the\NCathedral of Florence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.41,0:00:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Brunelleschi's dome at the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.29,0:00:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Right.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.92,0:00:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Baptistry is a medieval building
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.24,0:00:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the 10th century probably.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.16,0:00:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Cathedral, the Duomo, they began
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.74,0:00:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building almost around 1300
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.90,0:00:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bell tower starts going up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.64,0:00:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit after that\Nand then the dome is built
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.36,0:00:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the early 1400s and\Nfinished in the 1470s.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.23,0:00:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: So what are we\Nlooking at with the bell tower?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.20,0:00:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: The bell tower, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.60,0:00:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're gonna concentrate\Non the very bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.57,0:00:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around 1340, even though the tower
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.70,0:00:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't complete yet, they decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.64,0:00:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the town and the guilds of Florence,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.18,0:00:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically the wool\Nguild that was in charge
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.98,0:00:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of decorating the cathedral,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.67,0:01:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided that they wanted to decorate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.07,0:01:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bottom of the tower\Nbecause even though
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.49,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't complete, it was embarrassing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having just this bare undecorated surface
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.56,0:01:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where everyone's walking around,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.90,0:01:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see, all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.57,0:01:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the two very bottom layers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.11,0:01:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are decorated with many reliefs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.16,0:01:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are in stone marble
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.24,0:01:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the bronze\Nthat's on the Baptistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.76,0:01:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reliefs cover a lot of subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.12,0:01:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are Biblical scenes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.72,0:01:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are signs of the Zodiac.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.76,0:01:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also scenes of\Nlocal art and industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.78,0:01:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these things may sound unusual.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.39,0:01:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, the Biblical scenes makes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense on the church building.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.12,0:01:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Industry and the - ?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.47,0:01:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Those are a little bit unusual.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.83,0:01:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll see why they might\Nwant to include those.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.76,0:01:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should also say that the Zodiac signs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.45,0:01:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not unusual because\Nthe medieval Christians
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.35,0:01:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were very able or very comfortably blended
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.41,0:01:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their belief in Christianity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.94,0:01:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their Christian devotion
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with interest in the horoscope.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.27,0:01:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Yep, and we see that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.98,0:01:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot on medieval churches.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.27,0:01:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.14,0:01:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at some of these reliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.78,0:01:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's one of the religious scenes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.84,0:02:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Creation of Adam.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.63,0:02:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The artist is Andrea Pisano,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.69,0:02:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who around the same time is working on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.04,0:02:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bronze reliefs just across the street
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.53,0:02:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the south doors of the Baptistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.92,0:02:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those scenes were about John the Baptist
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.26,0:02:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here's one of the Biblical\Nscenes on the bell tower.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.16,0:02:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, this is typical of his style
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.34,0:02:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we've described it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.63,0:02:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very, very simplified with mostly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.54,0:02:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a blank background, just\Na few things to give
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.38,0:02:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you a sense of the setting,\Nhere a few stylized trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.60,0:02:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have God leaning\Nover and creating Adam.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.70,0:02:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Yeah, literally\Nout of the dust of the earth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.97,0:02:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he sort of takes form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.92,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Right and this\Nis another good example
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how Andrea Pisano\Ncombines a kind of gothic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.39,0:02:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stylization with a\Nnaturalistic classicism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.99,0:02:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Where do you\Nsee the gothic stylization?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.75,0:02:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Well, the\Nfigure of God the Father,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.55,0:02:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some ways the way\Nthe robes are rendered
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without a great sense\Nof the body underneath,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.87,0:02:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kind of rhythmic folds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.59,0:02:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of this is pretty traditional.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.26,0:02:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Right so we\Nhave sense of the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.67,0:02:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's not an entire\Nsense of a real physical
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.99,0:03:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anatomically correct body underneath it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.29,0:03:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.98,0:03:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Like there will\Nbe later with Donatello.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.89,0:03:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Mm hmm and\Ninstead, the figure of Adam
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.99,0:03:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a nude athletic male
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.83,0:03:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though it's damaged here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.24,0:03:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's classicizing and it's naturalistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.55,0:03:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's in a contrapposto stance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.32,0:03:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evnen though he's lying down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.60,0:03:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't make any sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.57,0:03:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Contrapposto is usually something
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.22,0:03:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for standing up, but the fact that he's
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.18,0:03:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done that anyway shows how interested
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.58,0:03:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was in giving it a classic appearance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.72,0:03:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Yeah, I mean,\Nwe can see his ribs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.53,0:03:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some muscles there too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.18,0:03:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.72,0:03:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is very typical for his style.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.56,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here now we're looking at one
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the scenes of local industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.69,0:03:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Wow, this looks a lot like
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.18,0:03:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one of God creating Adam.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.24,0:03:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: Well, it's\Ninteresting that you say that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.69,0:03:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the industry that's represented
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.30,0:03:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here is sculpture and\Nthis is an interesting way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.40,0:03:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an artist, Andrea\NPisano, to suggest that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.29,0:03:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the work of the sculptor,\Nthe work of the artist,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.56,0:03:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in some ways like the work of God.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.97,0:03:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both are creators.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.16,0:03:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we also see\Nagain the creator here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.73,0:04:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the artist, leaning over a bearded man,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.30,0:04:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in rather stylized robes, leaning over
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.95,0:04:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a nude, more naturalistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.80,0:04:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more classicizing figure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.60,0:04:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, of course, he's not\Ngoing to get in trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.33,0:04:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a sense of modesty here because
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.08,0:04:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look again and compare this to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.100,0:04:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way God creates Adam.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.08,0:04:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God is in nature, He uses\Na gesture of his hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.32,0:04:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Adam is clearly supposed to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.20,0:04:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a real living person.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.61,0:04:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we look at the\Nsculptor in the studio,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.48,0:04:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's in the studio, he's using tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.96,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The use of the tools\Nis really conspicuous.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.27,0:04:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: He can't\Ncreate simply by his word
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.88,0:04:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or by some kind of spiritual action.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.07,0:04:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.70,0:04:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also what he's creating is not
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.24,0:04:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be mistaken for a real person.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.03,0:04:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's stiff and it's much smaller in scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.37,0:04:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: But still it\Nseems to be almost a sign
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.40,0:04:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the desire to elevate\Nthe status of the artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.65,0:04:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: It absolutely is a sign of that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.13,0:04:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's also definitely\Na sign of the pride
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.41,0:04:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Florentines take in their arts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.27,0:04:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, this is a very important location,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.12,0:04:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bell tower of the Cathedral,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.74,0:04:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're displaying\Nin a way what makes them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.60,0:04:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proud and prosperous as Florentines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.92,0:05:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one part, it's the arts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.96,0:05:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: And so this\Ncould be described as
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.14,0:05:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of that civic pride\Nthat I always think
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.62,0:05:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is so important in terms of commissioning
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.76,0:05:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much art in the Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.13,0:05:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's another scene of local industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.22,0:05:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is weaving, which is\None of the main reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.97,0:05:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why Florence is so very\Nprosperous around 1340
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.97,0:05:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when these reliefs are being made.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.51,0:05:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could talk about it\Nin terms of the style
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.54,0:05:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being typical for Andrea Pisano,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.42,0:05:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the boiling down to the\Nessential ingredients,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.25,0:05:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really what stands out is\Nthe way it celebrates industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.05,0:05:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manual labor and the things that make
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.60,0:05:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this city where it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.12,0:05:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: It's amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.63,0:05:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the guilds were really powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.57,0:05:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in enriching the city\Nand decorating the city
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.62,0:05:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with beautiful sculptures and reliefs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.85,0:05:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time wanting to see
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.44,0:05:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own image in a way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.99,0:05:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: That's right.