Why is there a "b" in doubt? - Gina Cooke

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/beyond-the-shadow-of-a-doubt-gina-cooke

Say the word "doubt" aloud. What is that "b" doing there? Does it have any purpose? Gina Cooke explains the long and winding history of "doubt" and why the spelling, though it seems random, is a wink to its storied past.

Lesson by Gina Cooke, animation by The Leading Sheep Studios.

People often think the word "doubt" spelling is a little crazy

because of the letter "b".

Since it doesn't spell a sound,

most folks can't figure out what it's doing there.

But in spite of what most of us learn in school,

sound is never the most important aspect

of spelling an English word.

A word's meaning and history need to come first.

To doubt means to question,

to waver,

to hesitate.

As a noun, it means uncertainty or confusion.

The present-day English word "doubt"

started as a Latin word, "dubitare".

It first moved from Latin into French

where it lost both its "buh" sound and its letter "b".

And then it came into English in the 13th century.

About 100 years later,

scribes who wrote English but also knew Latin,

started to reinsert the "b" into the word's spelling,

even though no one pronounced it that way.

But why would they do this?

Why would anyone in their right mind

reinsert a silent letter into a spelling?

Well, because they knew Latin,

the scribes understood that the root of "doubt" had a "b" in it.

Over time, even as fewer literate people knew Latin,

the "b" was kept because it marked important,

meaningful connections to other related words,

like "dubious" and "indubitalbly,"

which were subsequently borrowed into English

from the same Latin root, "dubitare".

Understanding these historical connections

not only helped us to spell "doubt,"

but also to understand the meaning

of these more sophisticated words.

But the story doesn't end there.

If we look even deeper,

we can see beyond the shadow of a doubt,

just how revealing that "b" can be.

There are only two base words in all of English

that have the letters "d-o-u-b":

one is doubt,

and the other is double.

We can build lots of other words

on each of these bases,

like doubtful

and doubtless,

or doublet,

and redouble,

and doubloon.

It turns out that if we look into their history,

we can see that they both derive

from the same Latin forms.

The meaning of double,

two,

is reflected in a deep understanding of doubt.

See, when we doubt,

when we hesitate,

we second guess ourselves.

When we have doubts about something,

when we have questions or confusion,

we are of two minds.

Historically, before English began

to borrow words from French,

it already had a word for doubt.

That Old English word was "tweogan,"

a word whose relationship to "two"

is clear in its spelling as well.

So the next time you are in doubt

about why English spelling works the way it does,

take a second look.

What you find just might make you do a double-take.