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Attaining Enlightenment Through Meditation

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    <Attaining Enlightenment
    Through Meditation>
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    (Questioner) Hi, Sunim. Thank you
    for giving me a chance to ask a question.
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    I have a question about meditation
    and the study of the Buddhist scriptures.
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    I learned that the Buddha attained
    a peaceful mind and profound enlightenment
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    through meditation.
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    I am trying to practice meditation
    for the same purpose.
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    But, as a beginner
    who hasn't gone through the path,
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    I have doubts about how I can reach
    such a deep state of enlightenment
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    simply by not thinking.
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    Could you explain how meditation leads
    to peace of mind and enlightenment?
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    (Sunim) Most of our suffering arises
    primarily from our thoughts.
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    So, we must free ourselves
    from our preconceived notions of
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    ethics, morality, religious beliefs, and
    other paradigms that shape our thoughts.
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    For example, consider a man and a woman
    who like each other and become lovers.
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    In a typical relationship
    between two ordinary individuals,
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    they can simply like each other.
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    However, if they are Buddhist or Catholic
    clergy, they have been taught
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    not to engage in romantic
    or sexual relationships.
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    So, those who have undergone
    such training,
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    while experiencing joy
    in their romantic relationship,
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    also struggle with guilt.
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    That guilt, the negative feeling they get,
    does not stem from the relationship itself
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    but rather from their belief
    that they should not be engaging in it.
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    Much of the suffering and issues
    we experience today occurs
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    due to the clash between reality,
    what we truly experience,
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    and our preconceived notions
    of how things should be.
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    This suffering disappears when we resolve
    the contradiction in one of two ways:
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    either by letting go of our preconceptions
    and accepting reality as it is
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    or by adhering to our preconceptions
    and giving up what we desire in reality.
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    However, we can never truly resolve
    this problem
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    if we attempt to hold onto
    our preconceptions,
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    while simultaneously trying to attain
    what we desire in reality,
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    because that contradiction
    will inevitably persist.
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    Let's take another example.
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    If there are traditional ethics
    or morals dictating that
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    men and women of certain ages should not
    see each other as romantic partners,
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    then engaging in such relationships
    leads to suffering.
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    Similarly, if we're taught that
    divorce is unacceptable after marriage,
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    yet circumstances call for
    separation or divorce,
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    this contradiction results in suffering.
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    In the natural course of life, people may
    come together and go their separate ways.
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    Coming together is not
    the cause of suffering,
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    nor is separation or divorce.
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    Rather, it is our preconceived notions of
    "what ought to be" that create suffering,
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    whether it's meeting for the first time
    of a relationship or separating.
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    If we can let go of the idea
    of "what ought to be,"
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    we can eliminate much of the suffering
    that arises from internal conflicts.
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    For example, when we teach our daughters
    that having sex before marriage is a sin,
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    if they are later forced
    into premarital sex,
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    it causes them
    significant internal suffering.
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    But we do not emphasize this as much
    when teaching our sons,
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    so if they have premarital sex,
    they may not feel the same level of guilt.
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    This is entirely due to the preconceptions
    we instill in our children.
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    If you were to stop thinking right now,
    there would be no suffering.
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    This is why the foundation of meditation
    is to stop thinking.
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    What position you take, how you breathe,
    none of that truly matters.
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    Many of you say you meditate,
    but, in reality, you are thinking quietly.
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    That is thinking,
    not meditating.
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    Thinking positive thoughts does not mean
    you are meditating properly.
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    Meditation is the state
    where thoughts have stopped.
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    And if you stop thinking,
    most of your suffering goes away.
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    However, once you try it, you will realize
    that your thoughts do not cease.
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    (Audience Laughter)
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    In fact, they may become amplified
    twofold, threefold, or even tenfold.
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    So, while your body remains still
    during meditation,
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    your mind is constantly
    engaged in thinking.
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    Then, how can we stop thinking?
    If you set an intention to stop thinking,
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    that intention itself
    becomes another thought.
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    That is why the old masters
    taught us this analogy:
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    Imagine there's dust
    flying all over the room.
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    The dust is barely visible to us.
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    But if there's a ray of sunlight
    coming through the room,
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    we suddenly become aware of
    how much dust is floating in the air.
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    We take a cloth or a duster
    and start cleaning to remove the dust.
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    Yet, instead of eliminating the dust,
    we stir it up even more.
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    Then, what should we do?
    We simply let it settle on its own.
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    As time passes,
    most of the dust will settle.
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    This analogy shows that we live constantly
    filled with thoughts and distractions,
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    but we are unaware of that
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    because we lack that single ray of light
    to illuminate them.
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    Thus, when you sit down to meditate and
    start noticing how cluttered your mind is,
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    this is not a failure in meditation.
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    It's actually a process
    of meditating properly.
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    It's just like seeing that single ray
    of sunlight revealing the dust in a room.
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    It is the first realization that you are
    surrounded by endless distracting thoughts.
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    Then, you may start approaching meditation
    with a performance-oriented mindset,
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    striving to meditate better and faster.
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    This, in turn, creates more distractions
    just as letting dust fly even more.
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    You have to just let it be.
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    But it's very hard to simply let it be
    because thoughts keep arising.
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    That's why the strategy is
    to focus your thoughts on one thing.
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    The easiest thing to focus your thoughts
    on is your breath.
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    It's a strategy of focusing on the
    inhalation and exhalation of your breath.
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    In Pali, it is called Ānāpānasati.
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    Another strategy that emerged during
    the Zen Buddhist tradition is a Koan,
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    which is focusing on a single thought,
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    a single question
    like "Who am I?"
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    Just focus
    on that single question.
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    Other thoughts will constantly arise.
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    Just let them be.
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    The only thing you should truly focus on
    is that single question.
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    For example, imagine you are reading
    a book in the middle of a forest.
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    You hear birds tweeting.
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    You hear the sound of a stream.
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    And you hear cars passing
    on a distant road.
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    Because of these distractions,
    you find it difficult to focus.
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    If the cars stopped running,
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    if the birds stopped tweeting,
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    and if the stream stopped running,
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    then you would be able to focus
    in that quiet forest, right?
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    But you can't stop those things.
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    Even if you could eliminate
    those external distractions,
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    it wouldn’t necessarily mean
    that you could focus.
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    But if you truly immerse yourself
    in the book,
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    the birds may tweet,
    but you won’t notice them.
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    Cars may pass on the road nearby,
    but you won’t pay attention to them,
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    nor will you notice the stream beside you
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    because you are deeply focused and
    fully absorbed in what you are reading.
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    While meditation is
    about the absence of thoughts,
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    from a strategic perspective, it is
    about concentrating on a single thought.
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    Let's say you focus
    on breathing in and out.
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    When the breath comes in,
    you notice the breath entering.
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    You are not thinking
    about the breath coming in.
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    This is a kind of sensory experience,
    the flow of air as it moves
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    over your skin, through your nostrils,
    and into your lungs.
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    And you also feel the tactile sensation
    of the breath leaving your nose.
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    This is experiencing,
    not thinking.
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    You are simply experiencing the breath.
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    You might think of your mother
    at some point.
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    Once you become distracted
    by the thought of your mother,
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    you start thinking, "Oh, what about
    the time we went on a picnic together?
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    What about the time we had an argument?"
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    You unconsciously create
    narratives around the thought.
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    This becomes a distraction.
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    You can't stop the thought of
    your mother from rising.
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    But whatever thoughts come to you,
    you keep focusing on your breath.
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    Basically, do not pay attention
    to the thought or give it energy.
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    Then, the thought naturally dissipates.
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    But soon, other thoughts will arise.
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    You might suddenly think about coffee.
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    Nevertheless, you stay focused
    on your breath.
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    Then, the thought of coffee
    also dissipates.
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    No matter how many thoughts arise,
    if you do not pay attention to them,
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    they will simply come and go
    again and again.
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    But once you engage
    with a thought of coffee,
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    you start following it
    and creating a story:
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    "What kind of coffee do I want?
    With whom do I want to drink this coffee?"
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    At that moment, you have already lost
    your focus on the breath
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    because you can only focus
    on one thing at a time.
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    If you focus here,
    you lose focus there.
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    And if you pay attention there,
    you lose attention here.
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    Thoughts are just that.
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    As long as you don't pay attention
    to them, they will simply rise and fall.
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    So, when we say we are distracted,
    the random thoughts themselves
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    are not distractions.
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    They become distractions when
    we start creating stories around them.
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    If you keep practicing, the amount of time
    you can sustain focus on your breath
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    before getting distracted can increase,
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    first to 1 minute, then to 5, then to 10.
    It will gradually increase.
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    Your attention span for focusing
    on your breath will continue to grow,
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    and you will experience
    fewer distractions.
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    Then, you start gaining autonomy.
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    You will no longer be bound
    by past memories or future expectations.
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    The reason you feel anger, frustration,
    hatred, or resentment is that
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    past memories resurface, bringing back
    the wounds you once experienced.
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    You become fearful, anxious, and nervous
    because you are thinking about the future.
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    If you are no longer held captive
    by thoughts of the future,
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    your anxiety and nervousness
    will naturally fade away.
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    That is why we teach to awaken
    in the here and now
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    without being captured by past memories
    or the future that has not yet arrived.
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    Even if thoughts about the Buddha
    arise unbidden during meditation,
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    they are still distractions.
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    Maintain singular focus on your breath,
    and everything else is a distraction.
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    If you are meditating on a Zen Koan,
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    anything beyond exploring the question,
    "Who am I?" is a distraction.
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    In that state, even what you read
    in scriptures, sutras,
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    or even the Buddha's own teachings
    become distractions.
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    That is why there is a teaching:
    "If you see the Buddha, kill the Buddha.
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    If you encounter your teacher,
    kill the teacher."
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    Of course, this does not mean to literally
    kill them. (Sunim Laughter)
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    Rather, it means
    not to give them any attention.
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    They are simply distractions.
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    Sorry for the lengthy response.
    (Sunim Laughter)
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    (Questioner) Thank you.
    (Audience Applause)
Title:
Attaining Enlightenment Through Meditation
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#meditation #enlightenment #thoughts

Ven. Pomnyun's Answer to “Attaining Enlightenment Through Meditation”
Selection from Casual Conversation with Ven. Pomnyun Sunim(법륜스님) (Sep. 14, 2024)

Question:
How can we reach enlightenment through meditation during which we are not supposed to think about anything?

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Video Language:
English
Duration:
23:02

English subtitles

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